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ACCU-SIM V35B BONANZA
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A2A
SIMULATIONS
35
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large deposit of rich minerals such as
gold or silver. This usage seems likely
to be that which generated the name of
the popular American television series
(1959- 73) of that name.
Etymology-
The English word
“bonanza” is taken from the modern
Spanish language. In Spanish,
“bonanza” literally means “calm sea,”
which implies prosperity and also refers
to a rich cargo or find. This is derived
from the Vulgar Latin [Vulgar Latin
or Sermo Vulgaris meaning “common
speech” was the non- standard form(s)
of Latin (as opposed to the classical]
spoken in the Mediterranean region
during and after the classical period
of the Roman Empire) “bonacia.”.
“Bonacia” is a combination of the Latin
“bonus,” which means “good,” and
“malacia,” which means “calm sea.” In
turn, “malacia” comes from the Greek
“malakia,” which means “softness.”
6
Beech Baron B55 and B58 twins
also use this airfoil
7
As has been said of Messerschmitt
BF- 109, also not considered to be
a particularly pilot- friendly aeroplane,
“The pilot is not to expect it to perform,
it expects the pilot to.”
As calculated by both Beech and the
CAA, (forerunner of the FAA) Beech
Model 35’s fatal accident rate was, from
1947 through 1952, a whopping 4.90
per 100,000 flight hours. The following
Models A35, B35 and C35 were reported
to have a fatal accident rate over the
same period of 2.50 per 100,000 flight
hours. By comparison, the contemporary
Cessna 195’s fatal accident rate over the
same period was reported to be approxi-
mately 2.0 per 100,000 flight hours and
Beech 18’s fatal accident rate over the
same period was reported to be only
.80 per 100,000 flight hours. As a com-
parison to a current high- performance
aeroplane, studies show that as of 2018 a
modern day Bonanza equivalent, Cirrus
SR- 20, has averaged a fatal accident rate
of 1.63 per 100,000 hours, less than ⅓
the rate of the 1947 Model 35 Bonanza
during its first six years.
8
Ground Effect is that condi-
tion which begins when an aero-
plane is approximately the length of
its wingspan above the ground and
is maximized when it is at approxi-
mately 1/5th of its wingspan above the
ground. When in ground effect, the
aeroplane glides more efficiently and
airspeed decreases more slowly. This
may cause touchdown to occur much
farther down he runway than the pilot
anticipated, sometimes so far that the
aeroplane could be in danger of running
out of runway. Ground Effect is caused
by the disruption of the wingtip vor-
tices and the downwash at the wing’s
trailing edge (which are always gen-
erated by the wing when in flight) by
contact with the ground. This disrup-
tion limits the size of the vortices and
alters the direction of the downwash
which becomes more vertical, increas-
ing lift but also reducing drag (oppo-
site and equal reaction). The altered
angle of lift reduces Induced Drag
which accordingly reduces the rate at
which the aeroplane decelerates. It is
the combination of additional lift and
reduced drag which causes the aero-
plane to float above the runway when
in Ground Effect.
9
4 CFR 91.109 states: “No person
may operate a civil aircraft (except
a manned free balloon) that is being
used for flight instruction unless that
aircraft has fully functioning dual
controls. However, instrument flight
instruction may be given in a single-
engine airplane equipped with a single,
functioning throwover control wheel in
place of fixed, dual controls of the ele-
vator and ailerons when—
(1) The instructor has determined
that the flight can be conducted safely;
and
(2) The person manipulating the
controls has at least a private pilot cer-
tificate with appropriate category and
class ratings.
3) Except in the case of lighter- than-
air aircraft, that aircraft is equipped
with fully functioning dual controls.
However, simulated instrument flight
may be conducted in a single- engine
airplane, equipped with a single, func-
tioning, throwover control wheel, in
place of fixed, dual controls of the ele-
vator and ailerons, when—
(i) The safety pilot has determined
that the flight can be conducted safely;
and
(ii) The person manipulating the
controls has at least a private pilot cer-
tificate with appropriate category and
class ratings.”.
10
The Bonanza/Baron/Travel- Air
Pilot Proficiency Program, Inc.
(BPPP), created and overseen by the
American Bonanza Society Air Safety
Foundation, holds a CFR exemp-
tion allowing the use of single-
yoke
equipped aircraft (single- and multi-
engine) for recurrency training. The
exemption is valid only during approved
BPPP classes. Like many others, I took
my Bonanza check ride before this
exemption was instituted.
11
E xtensive studies dating from as
early as the 1930s have shown that
a pilot in a moving aeroplane without
reference to the horizon and/or with-
out a clear view of the outside world
will often completely misinterpret the
actual attitude of the aeroplane, and
how it is actually moving. This phe-
nomena is called “spatial disorienta-
tion”, i.e., the failure to maintain body
orientation and posture in relation to
the surrounding environment (physi-
cal space) when at rest and especially
during motion. This is caused by the
incorrect response of the pilot’s ves-
tibular (organs of equilibrium located
in the inner ear) and proprioceptive
(muscle spindles in skeletal striated
muscles and tendons) systems as fol-
lows: the aeroplane’s acceleration and
turning as well as centrifugal and iner-
tial forces all act upon the pilot’s inner
ear which informs the net gravitoiner-
tial force which the pilot perceives. The
pilot’s Otolith organs, the Utricle and
Sacculus become misaligned with grav-
ity which leads to spatial misjudgement
and disorientation.
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