Afar NX-2E1, Operator'S Manual

Page 1: ...NetCrossing Gateway NX 2E1 T1 Operator s Manual September 2009 AFAR Communications Inc 81 David Love Place Santa Barbara CA 93117 Tel 1 805 681 1993 Fax 1 805 681 1994 go the distance ...

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Page 3: ...NetCrossing Gateway NX 2E1 T1 Operator s Manual September 2009 AFAR Communications Inc 81 David Love Place Santa Barbara CA 93117 Tel 1 805 681 1993 Fax 1 805 681 1994 25 00 ...

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Page 5: ...usiness hours and may be reached by voice fax or email as follows Tel 1 805 681 1993 Fax 1 805 681 1994 email support afar net If you must return the equipment please contact us for a Return Material Authorization RMA number Equipment should be shipped to AFAR Communications Inc 81 David Love Place Santa Barbara CA 93117 U S A ...

Page 6: ...e Product These warranties will not apply i if adjustment repair or parts replacement is required because of accident unusual physical electrical or electromagnetic stress negligence misuse failure of electric power environmental controls transportation or abuses other than ordinary use ii if the Product has been modified or has been repaired or altered outside Afar Communications Inc s factory un...

Page 7: ...television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected Consult the d...

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Page 9: ...he RS 232 serial port 3 5 3 2 5 Feature upgrades 3 7 4 COMMANDS 4 1 4 1 CONFIGURATION TECHNIQUES 4 1 4 2 COMMAND SYNTAX 4 1 4 3 CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT COMMANDS 4 3 4 4 MAJOR CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS 4 5 4 5 INTERNET PROTOCOL IP MANAGEMENT COMMANDS 4 12 4 6 INSTALLATION AND MONITORING COMMANDS 4 14 4 7 FILE UTILITIES 4 16 4 8 EVENT LOGGING COMMANDS 4 18 4 9 MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS 4 19 5 NETWORK M...

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Page 11: ...t LAN LAN E1 T1 PBX MUX netX Gateway netX Gateway E1 T1 PBX MUX Figure 1 1 NetCrossing Gateway Typical Application The NX 2E1 T1 supports up to two independent full E1 or T1 Time Division Multiplex TDM bit streams You may operate the serial TDM ports in totally transparent mode or in fractional mode In fractional mode the NetCrossing Gateway extracts user specified time slots from the input serial...

Page 12: ...he Afar Wireless Ethernet radios The gateway provides data control and power to the radio through a single CAT5 cable The radio is enclosed in a waterproof enclosure allowing outdoor deployment for improved system performance In addition if your application requires multiple wireless links emanating from the same location the NetCrossing gateways can synchronize the transmissions of all the radios...

Page 13: ... in table 1 2 and one DB9 female connector This connector provides an RS 232 asynchronous port used for maintenance and initial configuration This connector is wired as a DCE per table 1 1 Table 1 1 Console Port Connector DB9 Pin Assignments Pin Signal Name Abbr Direction 2 Receive Data RD Gateway to DTE 3 Transmit Data TD DTE to Gateway 5 Ground GND ...

Page 14: ...ed radio as follows OFF The gateway has no communications with the local radio 2 second off blink ON the associated radio is in auto SYNC mode and waiting for a transmission from a peer radio or for an sync message heartbeat from the gateway Half second blink ON OFF The associated radio has a heartbeat and is transmitting However it has not yet received a reply from a peer radio Steady ON The radi...

Page 15: ...panel connectors are described in Table 1 3 WARNING The RJ45 connector labeled Radio may include DC voltage in two of the pins It must not be connected to a LAN as this voltage may damage some LAN cards LAN E1 T1 Ground WAN Sync Power Radio Switch A B Figure 1 3 NetCrossing Gateway NX 2E1 T1 B Rear Panel LAN E1 T1 Ground WAN Sync Power Radio Switch A B Rx Tx Rx Tx Figure 1 4 NetCrossing Gateway NX...

Page 16: ...ansmit and the other for the Receive signal GND Ground connection used for surge suppression We recommend that you connect this to an Earth Ground in order to reduce the possibility of damage to the unit due to transients on external lines WAN Radio WAN Switch RJ45 RJ45 10 100 Base T Ethernet connection to the Wide Area Network If you are connecting the Gateway to an AFAR Radio use the connector l...

Page 17: ...ateway to Network 5 Tx TIP Gateway to Network 6 not connected 7 not connected 8 not connected Table1 1 5 LAN and WAN Switch Ethernet Connector Pin Assignments Pin Signal Name Abbr Direction 1 Ethernet Tx Tx Gateway to Ethernet 2 Ethernet Tx Tx Gateway to Ethernet 3 Ethernet Rx Rx Ethernet to Gateway 4 not connected 5 not connected 6 Ethernet Rx Rx Ethernet to gateway 7 not connected 8 not connecte...

Page 18: ...rnet Connector Pin Assignments Pin Signal Name Abbr Direction 1 Ethernet Tx Tx Radio to Gateway 2 Ethernet Tx Tx Radio to Gateway 3 Ethernet Rx Rx Gateway to Radio 4 VDC DCV Gateway to Radio 5 VDC DCV Gateway to Radio 6 Ethernet Rx Rx Gateway to Radio 7 Ground GND 8 Ground GND ...

Page 19: ...heir final destination the network type is a route network In this case each gateway must be configured with its own IP address and the gateways send the packets to each other s IP addresses In a routed network the gateways execute the Address Resolution Protocol ARP to translate the destination IP address into the physical address of the first router in the path The route network is the most gene...

Page 20: ...mand This will tell any routers on the WAN to give priority to the TDM traffic over the LAN traffic The second mechanism is to specify a maximum WAN capacity with the wan command In this case the gateway will meter the traffic from the LAN such that the combined throughput from the TDM and LAN ports never exceeds the specified WAN capacity Note that AFAR Radios distinguish between the Gateway LAN ...

Page 21: ...connect requests from any other gateway as long as the other parameters are compatible In route mode the peer IP addresses in each unit must identify the other unit as its peer The two TDM ports are connected between the same two gateways with line A connected to line A of the remote gateway and line B connected to line B If the connection is not established the command show gateways will help you...

Page 22: ...urce Address 6 Ethernet Source Address 6 Ethernet Packet Length Type 2 Ethernet Packet Length Type 2 SNAP header 8 IP UDP header 28 Gateway link control 6 Gateway link control 6 Payload E1 32 x Number of Time Slots T1 24 x Number of Time Slots Payload E1 32 x Number of Time Slots T1 24 x Number of Time Slots CRC 4 CRC 4 Total Packet Overhead 32 Total Packet Overhead 52 Table 2 3 WAN data rates E1 ...

Page 23: ...evious packet when the next packet would arrive providing the next 4 0 ms worth of serial data In this case the latency in the end to end serial link would be exactly 4 0 ms due to the store and forward delay However the WAN network introduces its own delay and worst the delay introduced is not constant for every packet The variation in the packet delivery time across the WAN is called jitter When...

Page 24: ...erial synchronous connection it is required to have a single source to clock the data stream in both directions In each TDM line the Rx clock is always recovered from the incoming Rx data on that line You can specify the Tx clock source for each gateway in one of four different modes as described below Internal The Tx clock is generated by the gateway using a crystal controlled frequency synthesiz...

Page 25: ...net or IP Network User Device NetCrossing Gateway E1 T1 User Device NetCrossing Gateway Site A Site B Clock Recover Clock Internal Master clock source Clock Remote E1 T1 Loopback Timing Loopback Timing Ethernet or IP Network User Device NetCrossing Gateway Site B Clock Recover Clock Remote E1 T1 Loopback Timing Ethernet or IP Network User Device NetCrossing Gateway E1 T1 Site A Clock Remote Master...

Page 26: ...llows deploying a large network where all radios have their TDD cycles synchronized eliminating self generated interference between co located radios When you co locate multiple radios with each one connected to a gateway you should daisy chain the SYNC signal between all gateways Then use the tdd command to set the synch mode of all the co located gateways to either auto or master In any large ne...

Page 27: ...ngs as follows Baud rate 9600 Word length 8 bits Parity none Stop bits 1 2 Connect the WAN port labeled Swicth of one NetCrossing Gateway to the same port of the second gateway using an ethernet crossover cable 3 Connect the Power Supplies of the two units to a power outlet of the appropriate voltage 4 The terminals should display a banner identifying the unit serial number hardware and software v...

Page 28: ...d can be found in section 5 File Utility command summary Command Description directory Lists all files stored in Flash PROM delete file filename deletes the specified file from the directory download file path filename downloads the specified file from the PC path filename into the Flash PROM set default program filename Sets the indicated filename as the default program to run after power up run ...

Page 29: ...ppendix C for instructions on how to install this utility 2 Make sure the file with the new firmware file nxgNN_NN bz is available in the PC 3 Start the econsole utility by typing econ from a DOS window Econ will send a discovery message and display all the AFAR devices radios or gateways that can be seen Verify that all gateways in the network are listed Then select the gateways that you wish to ...

Page 30: ... configuration is kept intact when a new version is started see the release notes for details The downtime for the gateway being restarted is typically less than twenty seconds 3 2 3 Installing new firmware using Telnet Telnet is a protocol that allows you to conduct a remote gateway command session from a local host The gateway must have been pre configured with an IP address and be reachable ove...

Page 31: ...file has been loaded into memory 8 Issue the command set default program filename nxgNN_NN where NN_NN file is new version of software being installed 9 Issue the command reboot to restart the gateway with the new software Close the Telnet session wait a few seconds and open a new session with the same gateway 10 Issue the command version to insure the gateway is running the latest version 3 2 4 I...

Page 32: ...he configuration is unlocked the gateway prompt ends with the characters In locked mode the prompt does not include the character 6 Issue the command directory to view a list of files stored in Flash PROM as well as the available free space Verify that there is enough free space in flash PROM for the new file The space required will be the size of the nxgNN_NN dwn file divided by 2 5 If there is n...

Page 33: ...test version 3 2 5 Feature upgrades The NetCrossing Gateway has the ability to turn ON or OFF optional features and capabilities This is done via the use of the license command This command requires a key that is specific to a particular gateway serial number and capability To obtain a feature key you must supply the specific model number the serial number and the feature desired Please contact yo...

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Page 35: ...ation of Econsole The third configuration method is using Telnet from a remote location Telnet is explained in more detail in section 6 After power up the gateway displays a banner with identifying the hardware and software versions followed by the command prompt The default prompt is nxg nnnnn where nnnnn are the last five digits of the gateway serial number If a node name has been assigned to th...

Page 36: ...all valid abbreviations for the command save configuration save savec s c sc The parameter and value lists are context sensitive i e in order to solve ambiguities the command interpreter only considers parameters valid for current command or values valid for the current parameter The arguments parameter value must be entered with no blank spaces on either side of the sign Those arguments parameter...

Page 37: ...and can be modified by the operator through several commands This configuration is volatile If the current configuration has been modified it should be saved using the save command Otherwise the modifications will be lost if power is removed The factory configuration can not be modified by the operator and is used to return the gateway to the factory default condition It is useful as a starting po...

Page 38: ...ay is shipped with no password If the change password command is issued make sure you do not forget the password Once locked without a password the gateway must be returned to the factory to be unlocked display configuration source current or main or alternate or basic or factory Displays all the parameter values for the specified configuration If the source is not specified it defaults to current...

Page 39: ...e radio configuration The debug mode is a factory mode used for troubleshooting by customer support Examples unlock enable configuration bh7g8 4 4 Major Configuration Parameters These commands change several operating parameters that are part of the NetCrossing Gateway configuration When entering commands with multiple parameters if a parameter is not included that parameter keeps its current valu...

Page 40: ...ock is generated internally but locked to the Rx clock of the peer unit off Disables this TDM port In order for two gateways to establish a serial link the clock source in the two units must be set in a compatible fashion This requires that one unit have its clock source set to remote and the other to either internal external or remote loopback disable or input or output Selects different loopback...

Page 41: ...fies the byte to use in each time slot when no other value is available This could be due to running the link in fractional mode or due to an underrun error slots n1 n2 n3 n4 or n1 n2 n3 or all The E1 frame consists of 32 time slots numbered 0 through 31 With this parameter you may specify any subset of the 32 slots which may consist of disjoint sets The gateway extracts the specified slots from t...

Page 42: ...n quotation marks Examples node name bank location wall street contact 866 555 1234 radio power on or off Turns on or off the voltage to power up an external radio connected to the RJ45 connector labeled radio When this voltage is present you need to exercise care in not connecting the RJ45 radio connector to any other devices as this extra voltage may damage them t1a setup t1b setup These two com...

Page 43: ... bit without regard to frame or multiframe structure In d4 or esf the gateway aligns its data collection to the TDM multiframes and collects only the time slots specified with the slots parameter The frame bit is not included in the WAN packets At the opposite end the receiving gateway generates the multiframe synchronization pattern and fills the slots specified with the slots parameter with the ...

Page 44: ...ios set this parameter to off If the network consists of a pair of AFAR radios this parameter specifies the radio Time Division Duplex TDD synchronization mechanism across the radio network Refer to section 2 of this manual and the radio manual for a description of the wireless network synchronization features cycle period ms 20 or 40 This parameter specifies the TDD cycle period of the radios in ...

Page 45: ...ent SNAP packet and the packets are addressed directly to the peer gateway physical address peer serial number 0 999999 When the network type is set to bridge this parameter specifies the remote gateway for the serial port point to point link After power up the NetCrossing Gateway transmits a connect request packet every second addressed to the specified peer until a connection is established Addi...

Page 46: ... cause errors in the serial link With this parameter you can specify the throughput capacity of the WAN in kilobits per second The gateway will first allocate enough of the WAN capacity to the serial TDM data and limit the traffic from the LAN such that the combined serial plus LAN traffic will not exceed the specified capacity When you use Afar radios with the gateway set the capacity to the defa...

Page 47: ...n receiving the reply the gateway displays the round trip delay This process is repeated until the number of replies reaches the value specified by the count parameter default to 4 A count of zero leaves ping running indefinitely until stopped by the user Example ping 207 154 90 81 count 10 size 100 snmp The gateway runs an SNMP agent which allows up to four IP addresses to be specified as valid S...

Page 48: ... that sets the access value authentication traps 0 or 1 Specifies whether an authentication trap should be generated if a SNMP request is received that can not be honored due to invalid IP address community or access fields When enabled all IP managers that have trap access will receive this trap delete 1 4 Allows deleting one entry in the SNMP table The number 1 4 refer to the entry number as lis...

Page 49: ...BCast 29 Nov 16 17 08 1 00 d0 39 00 2d cb me 29 Nov 16 17 08 0 01 2 00 a0 cc 66 8e a6 207 154 90 171 Local 29 Nov 16 17 15 0 00 3 00 d0 39 00 2d c3 WAN 29 Nov 16 23 41 9 18 Both formats list all the ethernet stations attached to either port The tables list the MAC Ethernet address of the station and if known the IP address The first entry in the table tracks broadcast traffic while the second entr...

Page 50: ...ectory command to view the programs loaded and whether they are in non volatile or volatile memory Any program can be invoked with the command run without making it the default file This is useful when upgrading the software over an RF link as a way to ensure that the new code is working correctly before making it the default console speed bps baud rate bps 9600 or 19200 or 38400 or 57600 or 11520...

Page 51: ... to be running the Econsole program on a PC attached to a gateway through the Ethernet port In this case the program file must be in binary zipped format with extension bz The path in the source parameter is the PC directory where the file resides The program file is transferred to the gateway and is stored in memory under the name specified by the destination parameter If the destination paramete...

Page 52: ...ince the default program must reside in flash memory the flash prefix is assumed and is not required for the command Examples sdp nxg01_04 4 8 Event Logging Commands The NetCrossing Gateway keeps track of various significant events in an event log This event log holds up to 500 events The first 100 entries in the log are filled sequentially after power up and are not overwritten The remaining 400 ...

Page 53: ... they occur You can press the space bar to exit this mode The reboot reasons region of the event log consist of the last four events that that caused the gateway to reboot These events are stored in non volatile memory The time tag in these events is the time the gateway was up since it was rebooted not the time of day Examples display log region all display log region all length 300 min level 2 m...

Page 54: ...hours minutes and seconds Use colons to separate the three fields zone zone code or offset Sets the time zone to be used by the gateway to translate the NTP time to local time It can be specified by an offset from GMT 0800 or 0200 for example or as a zone code The valid zone codes and the respective offsets are shown below Zone zone code offset Pacific Standard Time PST 0800 Pacific Daylight Time ...

Page 55: ...ed by the key to take effect Each key is unique for a particular gateway serial number and capability i e a key generated to turn ON a capability on one serial number will not work on another gateway Example license key 02EL1 ZGZ42 G0000 00C54 81WAJ C9BEK logout Closes the current Econsole session reboot Resets the gateway causing the software to perform a complete start up sequence This is equiva...

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Page 57: ... configure the gateway with a unique valid IP address This is done with the ip configuration command described in section 5 6 This initial configuration must be done using either the RS 232 console port or the ECON program Once the gateway has an IP address you must start the telnet application at the local machine and establish a connection with the IP address of the gateway If the local machine ...

Page 58: ...this list is not empty Telnet sessions can only be initiated from the listed hosts Additionally for each host the login name must match the string listed for the community field If you wish to use this security feature you need to know the IP address of the local machine On a PC running Windows one way to find its IP address is to open a DOS window and issue the command ipconfig 5 2 SNMP 5 2 1 Com...

Page 59: ... that may not exist in most devices Devices may also provide non standard MIB groups In order for a network management system to make use of these extended features the MIB description must be obtained from the device manufacturer and loaded into the management station SNMP data travels in IP packets using the UDP port 161 for the agent so in order to use SNMP the device must have an IP address 5 ...

Page 60: ...om USD 900 to USD 2700 approx depending on options OpenView Hewlett Packard http www openview hp com USD 3 000 to USD 10 000 The OpenView product line has been revamped HP is now positioning it not as a turnkey software product but as a custom adapted application to be bought through a value added implementation partner Multi Router Traffic Graphing http www mrtg org This is a free open source sof...

Page 61: ...e gateway configuration is omitted the value for that parameter is not modified For commands that are not part of the gateway configuration if a parameter is omitted the value for that parameter defaults to the value indicated in bold Configuration Management Commands Command Parameters Values change password enable configuration string display configuration source current main alternate basic fac...

Page 62: ...de 0 255 0x7E slots n1 n2 n1 n2 all all local area network speed 10hdx 10fdx 10fdx node name 31 character string nxg nnnnn location 31 character string contact 31 character string radio power on or off off t1a setup t1b setup clock source internal external remote off Line A remote Line B off loopback disable input output disable framing d4 esf unframed esf coding ami b8zs b8zs receive sensitivity ...

Page 63: ...meters Values Factory Configuration udp peer ip address ip address 0 0 0 0 port 1 65535 6389 type of service 0 255 192 0xC0 wide area network network type bridge route bridge peer serial number 0 999999 0 jitter ms 0 200 0 auto capacity kbps speed 100 20000 auto 10 10hdx 10fdx 10ohdx 100fdx auto 20000 auto ...

Page 64: ...etmask ip address gateway ip address ping destination ip address count 0 500 def 4 size bytes 32 1400 snmp manager ip address community ASCII string 9 max access g gs gt gst authentication traps 0 1 delete 1 4 Installation and Monitoring Commands Command Parameters Values show table status gateways ethernet econsole ip stack format count times clear 1 or 0 ...

Page 65: ...y format short full download file source path filename destination filename method binary inline run file filename filename set default program filename filename Event Logging Commands Command Parameters Values Factory Configuration clear log region all events reboot reasons display log region end tail beginning all events reboot reasons length 1 500 def 10 id 0 200 min level 0 7 def 0 max level 0...

Page 66: ...laneous Commands Command Parameters Values Factory Configuration date date dd mmm yyyy time hh mm ss zone offset or code GMT help command history license key 35 character string logout reboot time time hh mm ss date dd mmm yyyy zone offset or code GMT version ...

Page 67: ...DM Ports 2 Connectors Two RJ45 model NX 2E1 T1 B Four BNC model NX 2E1 T1 U E1 Impedance Balanced 120 Ohm Unbalanced 75 Ohm Data Rate 2 048 Mbps Line Coding HDB3 Framing Unframed CRC4 T1 Impedance Balanced 100 Ohm Data Rate 1 544 Mbps Line Coding AMI B8ZS Framing Unframed D4 ESF Clock Sources External Internal Remote Console Port Connector DB9 female DCE Speeds Programmable 9600 to 115 2 Kbps Sync...

Page 68: ...uirements Input Voltage 8 to 28 Volts DC Input Voltage AC 110 VAC or 220 VAC external supply Power Consumption 3 5 Watt Environment Temperature 0 to 55 deg C 32 to 130 deg F Max Humidity 90 non condensing Mechanical Dimensions 9 W x 6 D x 1 5 H 22 8 x 15 2 x 3 8 cm Weight 1 0 lb 0 45 Kg ...

Page 69: ...number which currently is 4 System requirements Win95 Win98 Windows ME WinNT Win2000 WinXP NetBIOS installed WinPCap installed Note With regard to Windows NT platform the code has been tested with versions 4 0 or newer There is also a Linux beta version Installation for Windows In order to install the WinPCap library if not already installed just click on the WinPCap exe Support and updates for th...

Page 70: ... character time date the following is a local command specifying a delay in seconds delay 10 time delay 1 5 version logout As you probably noticed from the above file all the lines are interpreted as gateway command unless a They start with the character which implies a comment b They start with the character which implies a local command Currently there is only one local command namely the delay ...

Page 71: ...of UC11078 example econ r 11787 Local Physical Address Even though econsole identifies the PC local physical address automatically there are some cases in which the user wants to specify the local address on his her own These cases usually arise when there are multiple NIC cards with the same names under WinNT operating system In such case the econ might pick up the wrong MAC address and therefore...

Page 72: ...d and you are simply interested in capturing the output of the session use the following syntax econ o out txt Since no input file was specified it is assumed that the keyboard will be used for input and ALL gateways will participate in the discovery process Function Keys Currently there are 6 different function keys F1 Online help gives a short description of the other function keys and the input...

Page 73: ... Win9X case or some NDIS queries in the WinNT Win2000 case If NetBIOS is not installed the econ will probably use the wrong local host MAC address Also if there are more than one Ethernet adapter installed with the same name this might cause problem in the WinNT case Resolution Use the command line argument to specify the correct physical local address You can see all the local physical address by...

Page 74: ...e info Acknowledgments The WinPCap library was obtained from Politecnico di Torino and the code is distributed in binary form as part of the Econsole The following copyright notice applies to that library Copyright c 1999 2000 Politecnico di Torino All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that 1 source code distributi...

Page 75: ...Gateway Gateway SN 17031 Ethernet or IP Network E1 T1 E1 Minimal Configuration load factory load factory e1a clock internal save wan peer 17031 note 1 save T1 Minimal Configuration load factory load factory tdm t1 tdm t1 t1a clock internal save wan peer 17031 note 1 save Note 1 Enter the actual serial number of the peer gateway ...