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Airborne Innovations

Picoradio Manual

Radios set to the same frequency

Frequency changed from the default at least once (likely due to a Microhard bug)

Encryption settings matching (Picoradios are typically supplied in an unencrypted version unless special
ordered with encryption so if communicating with an encrypted unit the encryption must be disabled).

Antennas connected on both ends

Sufficient RF signal strength (typically we operate at 23 dBm RF output power for lab testing).

Reasonable RF band availability.  Typically we operate on 2479 MHz or nearby, which is slightly outside
the typical wifi band.

Lastly some antenna separation may be needed (especially if operating at high power).

3.2 Safety Precautions

Please note it is possible to damage Picoradios if they are not properly cooled.   Please see the cooling
section below.

It is also possible to damage the radio if you plug or unplug an antenna connection while it is powered (it is
very easy to short RF to ground when doing so).  

If using an RF amplifier it is possible to damage the RF front end of a nearby radio if you have too much RF
output power.  Appropriate separation physical separation, power setting, and/or attenuation is required.

Failures for these preventable issues is not covered by warranty.

3.3 Cooling

Some form of cooling should be used with the radio.  Active cooling works extremely well- we find a small 40mm
fan with 7cfm flow works extremely well.  Passive cooling with a properly sized heat sink can also work fine.  You
may be able to use two smaller fans or find some other suitable method if integrating in a vehicle or enclosure (a
thermal pad interface to an enclosure or cool plate would also work).  Please note that the RF module surface needs
direct heat removal.  Also, if you are using accessory power, depending on the input voltage and power demands, the
power modules on the opposite side from the RF module can also generate significant heat (they are very efficient
but have high load capacity).  As a result we recommend blowing air over both the radio module side (first priority)
as well as the opposite (power module) side.
Failure to cool the radios properly can result in radio failure or loss of connection.

3.4 Radio usage

There are some advanced ways to take advantage of the radio.
3.4.1

Rx diversity

The 2.4 GHz version of the radio supports dual diversity receive.  You can take advantage of this at the receive side
with dual antennas on the two different ports.   This feature must be enabled in configuration and two antennas 

must

be connected if the feature is enabled.  Transmit RF is emitted only from the 'Main' antenna port, and both ports are
used for receive when diversity is enabled.  Note that the Main port is always bidirectional.
However there is a way to create two transmission paths:
3.4.2

Dual transmission path and dual diversity

With a COFDM radio you can split the transmit power into two paths by simply adding a splitter and running the
signal to two antennas.  You are cutting the power in half to each antenna (3dB down, plus the connector and cable
losses), but of course the total power output remains the same.  
However the net advantage from having two transmission paths can be on the order of 10 to 15 dB, particularly for a
vehicle at range which is orbiting around its target and which may be pointing the null of one antenna at a time at the
base station, and/or which may be experiencing occlusions from the vehicle itself (i.e. the vehicle itself may at some
times block line of sight from one antenna at a time).
With 6 dB representing approximately a factor of two in range, the net 7-12 dB improvement can be a huge benefit.
More information can be found at 

www.microhardcorp.com

Page 9

Summary of Contents for Picoradio

Page 1: ... 16 Initial version 02 24 17 Added serial configuration 07 17 17 Updated safety precautions radio options serial port info added mechanical drawing long range comms ethernet switch info 08 11 17 Added technical note on J5 serial 08 08 18 Updated serial port pinout diagram Airborne Innovations LLC ...

Page 2: ...ersity 9 3 4 3 Long Range operation 10 3 5 Serial Port Configuration 10 3 5 1 Hardware serial port connection between two units TCP 10 3 5 2 Hardware serial port connection between two units UDP Point to Point 10 3 5 3 Logical TCP connection to one remote serial port easiest method to test with Pixhawk bidirectional telemetry 11 3 5 4 Logical Point to Point UDP connection to one remote serial port...

Page 3: ...r devices It is intended to be a complete full featured but minimum size replacement for the Microhard radio motherboard Bandwidth of up to 25 Mbps is possible Advanced features such as mesh networking will be available in the near future AES128 256 encryption available subject to control under the Export Administration Regulations EAR 2 1 Interfaces Interfaces on the board include Wide range powe...

Page 4: ...ble in the near future 2 4 Connectors Figure 3 Picoradio Connectors 2 4 1 J1 Power Input Power input uses a wide input range efficient buck boost converter Typical efficiency 94 Input voltage range is 5 58V note for full RF power radio operation the minimum voltage may be limited to about 7 8V Short pins 1 2 and 3 4 together for full current capacity Mating connector is a JST PA series latching co...

Page 5: ...fficient The connector may be limited to approximately 2A You can bypass the connector and solder directly to the board for higher current or test accordingly In some cases and for high volume customers we may be able to factory adjust the output voltage within the range of 8 20 volts or even leave off this feature for a cost reduced version if you can provide 8 20V regulated input Mating connecto...

Page 6: ...rent low enough for the connector and ethernet cable typically 48V Do not connect unless using this feature note they will also mirror the input voltage if powered from the main input power connector 2 4 4 J5 Serial connector This serial port can be configured as a transparent serial connection to a serial device either with RS232 voltage levels or 3 3V TTL voltage levels with 5V tolerant inputs N...

Page 7: ...hardware implementation a loopback test between TX and RX of the same serial port will need a pull up resistor to function properly A 1K pull up to 3 3V does allow this test to pass Connecting the two pins directly without this may cause somewhat increased current draw A serial loop between J5 and J6 works fine without a pull up as does interfacing to an FTDI interface or our own SBUS to serial an...

Page 8: ...r and password are both admin Microhard s firmware insists on changing the password with a minimum of 5 characters so we change it to 99999 To communicate with the radio it is easiest to set your PC to a fixed IP address such as 192 168 168 100 You can then access Microhard s web page which allows changing radio settings To get two radios to communicate with our default configuration we make these...

Page 9: ...lso if you are using accessory power depending on the input voltage and power demands the power modules on the opposite side from the RF module can also generate significant heat they are very efficient but have high load capacity As a result we recommend blowing air over both the radio module side first priority as well as the opposite power module side Failure to cool the radios properly can res...

Page 10: ...1 Hardware serial port connection between two units TCP This is an easy to configure hardware connection which connects serial ports on two different radio modules An advantage is that data will never arrive out of order due to the TCP connection state It has some potential disadvantages in terms of connection and reconnection since it does have a connection state connected disconnected Below is a...

Page 11: ...dware serial port connection between two units TCP above Note that the base station serial configuration should remain unconfigured i e should not connect as a TCP client to the airborne port To connect to the serial stream you make a direct TCP connection to the airborne radio on the TCP server port Recent versions of firmware also have a TCP timeout it may be necessary to increase this value som...

Page 12: ...derstand hardware serial connections you can use a virtual com port driver which would typically run on Windows or Linux There are freeware and commercial drivers available This makes the logical connection and creates a virtual serial port on the PC which can be connected to exactly like a hardware serial port on the PC 3 6 RF Amplifier Support The Picoradio may be used with a number of different...

Page 13: ...Airborne Innovations Picoradio Manual 3 8 Mechanical Drawing Page 13 Figure 4 Picoradio mechanical drawing ...

Page 14: ...Airborne Innovations Picoradio Manual 3 9 Picoradio Cable Antenna Kit 3 9 1 Picoradio_Picoraptor Ext Ethernet Cable Page 14 ...

Page 15: ...Airborne Innovations Picoradio Manual 3 9 2 Picoradio Input Power Cable one end cut Page 15 ...

Page 16: ...Airborne Innovations Picoradio Manual 3 9 3 Picoradio Ext Aux Power Cable one end cut Page 16 ...

Page 17: ...Airborne Innovations Picoradio Manual PicoRadio Ext Serial Cable one end cut Page 17 ...

Page 18: ...le 3 9 4 Antenna Cable U FL to RP SMA Female No Drawing Available 3 9 5 2 4 GHz Dipole wave Antenna Connector RP SMA Male No Drawing Available Antenna provided is for short range and bench testing 3 9 6 DC Power Female Jack to Terminal Block Adapter No Drawing Available Page 18 ...

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