FS3 Frame Synchronizer/Converter v1.1r1 60 www.aja.com
23 Reverse Telecine
Off (default)
Auto
Film cadence detection is disabled. This setting should remain Off
unless you are processing interlaced pulldown input.
3:2 and 2:3:3:2 pull down field removal is enabled for interlaced
video sources
About Reverse Telecine and Film Cadence (3:2 and 2:3:3:2)
Film cadence is a way to convert film frame rates (24 fps) to i59.94 interlaced field
rate video suitable for broadcast, commonly employed by telecine equipment
when converting film to video. This requires a 4/5 conversion ratio. For 3:2
pulldown cadence, the most common, two fields are duplicated for every four
input frames, with a resulting 2:3:2:3 field output pattern. 3:2 pulldown outputs
four fields of original input, then one duplicate field, then four more original
fields, and then another duplicate field. This provides the smoothest motion, but
results in two of the five video output frames being “dirty”, having fields from
different original frames. Another commonly used film cadence is 2:3:3:2, which
has only one “dirty” frame but results in motion that is slightly less smooth. Many
other more exotic film cadences exist, but they are rarely used.
Film cadence removal reverses pulldown (Reverse Telecine), and can turn
interlaced video originally sourced from film with pulldown back to 23.98
progressive frame rate video, removing the duplicated fields. This can be useful
for post-production facilities that have a need to accurately re-edit this type of
material.
FS3 Reverse Telecine Conditions
The FS3 converter can perform film cadence removal under the following
conditions:
• Input signal must be either 525i59.94 or 1080i59.94.
• Input signal must have consistent 3:2 or 2:3:3:2 pulldown.
• Output format selected must be either p23.98 or PsF23.98.
• The Reverse Telecine parameter must be set to Auto.
• PsF supported output>
Under the conditions above, the FS3 will automatically detect the type of film
cadence (3:2 or 2:3:3:2), identify and remove the duplicate fields, and perform
motion detection and de-interlacing processing to create high quality output
with clean frames.
NOTE: Approximately 10 incoming frames are required before film cadence can be
detected and correctly processed. If the cadence pattern changes (for example,
the source pulldown video may have been edited) that same approximately 10
frame interval is required after the discontinuity to detect and process the new
cadence pattern.
24 Downconvert Mode
This parameter selects the type of downconversion performed by the Video
Processor. This parameter is in effect only when the input is HD (720p, 1080i,
or 1080p) and the output format is SD (525i or 625i), or when the input is 2K
