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a rear spar that transfers the aileron and flap loads to the wing structure and react to the drag and
torsion forces transmitted to the torque box.
Each part of the aircraft structure is made of spruce wood for high quality aircraft
and the skins are
made of birch plywood, introducing where needed also okumè, ash and poplar hard wood to
spread out the concentrated loads as well as glass and carbon fiber skins.
3.1.1 Wing
The main lifting surface is a cantilevered wing designed in two pieces. These parts are connected
using a docking structure placed exactly under the crew knees.
This kind of connection has two advantages: on one hand it allows for easy removal of the main
wing, and on the other hand it permits a high degree of structural integrity of the main wooden
beam.
Besides, this arrangement allows a great strain concentration in a limited area, where several
external forces have to be counteracted. So it is possible to have a robust aircraft with a relatively
little weight.
T
he wing’s trailing edge is entirely movable. The inboard part is occupied by the slotted flap, while
the outboard part is dedicated to the ailerons. The same kind of structure has been adopted for all
the trailing edge devices.
Information about wing maintenance are given into ANNEX A (Wings and Control Surfaces group).
3.1.2 Tail
The tail has a classic cruciform arrangement. The horizontal tail surface (attached part) is a one-
piece carbon composite part while the movable surface is a wood fabric covered part. Fin is
composite made too and is integrated in the fuselage skins while rudder is a wood fabric covered
part too. Trim control is achieved by an electrical actuated trim tab for both rudder and elevator.
Information about tail maintenance are given into ANNEX A (Wings and Control Surfaces group).
3.1.3 Landing gear (FIXED)
The
Pioneer 300 aircrafts
can be equipped with a standard tricycle Landing Gear System which
could be divided into two component groups: main gears and nose gear.
The main landing gear
is fixed and fully faired by glass fiber fairings. The gear legs are made of
aeronautical grade aluminium alloy. The main landing gear legs are supported and installed in the
fuselage by interfacing them to the wood structure by an aeronautical grade steel alloy structure.
Main wheels are of the size 4.00-
6”.
The main wheels are equipped with disk brakes. Brakes are activated by a common lever at the
cockpit center console and by toe brakes also.
The nose landing gear
is fixed and fully faired by glass fiber fairings and supported by the engine
mount frame. Steering is direct controlled by the rudder pedals.
The nose landing gear incorporates the air/oil damper system. Nose wheels are of the size 4.00-
4”.
Maintenance of both groups is described into many operational sheets collected into ANNEX A
(Fixed Landing Gear group).
3.1.4 Landing gear (RETRACTABLE)
The Pioneer 300 aircrafts can be equipped with a retractable tricycle Landing Gear System which
could be divided into two component groups: main gears and nose gear.
Main landing gear
. The gear legs are made of aeronautical grade alloy. The main landing gear
legs are supported and installed in the fuselage by interfacing them to the wood structure by an
aeronautical grade steel alloy structure. Main wheels are of the size 4.00-
6”.
