ADX-32A / ADX-64A-PRO
5.3. Latency
Latency has – in contrast to traditional analog systems - always been a topic in digital audio
technology. High latency can lead to unwanted effects, such as phasing, hall, echo etc. and can
seriously affect audio performance. One design goal of the ADAT Multicore Extender was to
build a system offering one of the lowest latency values on the market. By design, other digital
snake solutions (e.g. Ethernet based systems) have a relatively high propagation delay, because
audio data has to be sampled, buffered, converted, transmitted, buffered and then finally
converted back to the original format. In contrast, ADAT Multicore Extender uses only minimal
buffering with no data conversion at all,
achieving an excellent overall latency of less then 1µs
.
5.4. Jitter
In any digital audio transmission, the clock signal picks up a certain amount of jitter (clock phase
noise). One must differentiate between two kinds of jitter (actually, two effects the jitter has on
an audio signal), as described below:
On one hand, there's the so called “sampling jitter”, occurring only at the point of digital-to-
analog conversion or vice versa. Sampling jitter can cause distortion or noise since the time-
domain information of a signal is altered. Today, DACs and ADCs make use of various advanced
re-clocking technologies in order to attenuate the jitter. Well designed equipment is no more
sensitive to sampling jitter regarding audio quality.
On the other hand, when jitter occurs on an interface used for the transmission of the data (e.g.
when used with an ADAT interface), it's called “interface jitter”. This kind is much less critical
since it only has an audible effect if its value is so large that it prevents the proper detection of
bits within the data stream (for AES/EBU, the specification allows a jitter value of ±20ns, which
is about 25% of a bit time). In a properly designed system, such high values should never occur.
To cope with jitter, other systems use often special re-clocking circuitry (Phase Locked Loop,
“PLL”). A PLL has good jitter attenuation characteristics, but must be specially adapted to the
used data format and sample rate in order to achieve optimal results. ADAT Multicore Extender
uses another approach: Instead of transmitting a signal with a relatively large gain of jitter and
then attenuating it with a PLL, it makes use of the most advanced transceiver technology
available, which has a very good out-of-the box jitter performance.
The overall jitter of an ADAT
signal transmitted over 330ft (100m) Cat5 cable is only
4
ns (typ.)
which ensures correct bit
detection with an appropriate safety margin. This approach provides some advantages:
Very low latency since no buffering is required
Optimal transmission of arbitrary signals, independently of the encoding or speed
(e.g. ADAT, S/PDIF, AES/EBU, AC-3)
7
Summary of Contents for ADX-32A
Page 1: ...Application Systems www appsys ch ADAT Multicore Extender ADX 32A ADX 64A PRO User s Manual ...
Page 14: ...User s Manual 10 Example applications 10 1 Digital 16 16 multicore 14 ...
Page 15: ...ADX 32A ADX 64A PRO 10 2 Digital 24 8 multicore Wordclock Sync over ADAT 15 ...
Page 16: ...User s Manual 10 3 Digital 40 16 multicore Wordclock Sync over dedicated coaxial cable 16 ...