Ray Charles – What´d I say
Stereolab – Infinity girl
Stevie Wonder – Love having you around
Supertramp – The logical song
Tori Amos – Pancake
Van Halen – And the cradle will rock...
Wilco – I am trying to break your heart
Today it is quite hard to get a hold of a Wurlitzer in good condition. They are sadly not the most
frequently used keyboard instrument in the music industry and are quite rare these days.
Fortunately the Wurlitzer V is here to give it a second life, and allowing us the relief of tuning
troubles !
1.3 Physical modeling synthesis
There are various methods to create a sound in the world of sound synthesis.
Additive synthesis
(creates timbre by adding sine waves together),
Subtractive synthesis
(in which partials of an
audio signal are attenuated by a filter to alter the timbre of the sound),
Sample Playback
(where
recordings of the original sound played back),
Granular synthesis
(a basic sound synthesis
method that operates on the microsound time scale, based on the same principle as sampling)
and
Physical modeling synthesis
. This is a method in which the waveform of the sound to be
generated is computed by using a mathematical model, being a set of equations and
algorithms to simulate a physical source of sound.
1.3.1 Music... and mathematics
A physical model consists of the laws of physics that govern the sound production, and will
typically have several parameters, some of which are constants that describe the physical
materials and dimensions of the instrument, while others are time-dependent sections that
describe the player´s interaction with it, such as plucking a string, or covering tone-holes.
This idea is very old in the history of sound synthesis, but has been limited to recent development
due to the computational complexity and speed of computers..
1.3.2 The puzzle
To model the sound of a drum, there would be a formula for how striking the drumhead injects
energy into a two dimensional membrane. The properties of the striker (stiffness, the velocity of
the hit, the material, and how the strike happens) the membrane (mass density, stiffness, etc.), its
coupling with the resonance of the cylindrical body of the drum, and the conditions at its
boundaries (a rigid termination to the drum´s body) would all have to be described in the
formula to work out the generation of sound.
Similar stages to be modeled can be found in instruments such as an acoustic guitar. A few years
ago, a French scientist had made a complete modeling of all acoustic guitar parameters. The
calculations lasted three days to produce the sound !
The challenge in physical modeling synthesis is to simplify the algorithms and the computations to
get a model which can be used in real-time.
1.3.3 The revolution
There are several methods of Physical modeling synthesis; Karplus-Strong algorithms, digital
waveguide synthesis, formant synthesis … each one using a different paradigm to describe a
sound to musical destination.
ARTURIA WURLITZER V User's Manual
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1 INTRODUCTION
Summary of Contents for Wurlitzer-V
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