145
2467S–AVR–07/09
ATmega128
Each half period of the external clock applied must be longer than one system clock cycle to
ensure correct sampling. The external clock must be guaranteed to have less than half the sys-
tem clock frequency (f
ExtClk
< f
clk_I/O
/2) given a 50/50% duty cycle. Since the edge detector uses
sampling, the maximum frequency of an external clock it can detect is half the sampling fre-
quency (Nyquist sampling theorem). However, due to variation of the system clock frequency
and duty cycle caused by Oscillator source (crystal, resonator, and capacitors) tolerances, it is
recommended that maximum frequency of an external clock source is less than f
clk_I/O
/2.5.
An external clock source can not be prescaled.
Figure 60.
Prescaler for Timer/Counter1, Timer/Counter2, and Timer/Counter3
Note:
The synchronization logic on the input pins (
T3/T2/T1)
is shown in
Special Function IO
Register – SFIOR
• Bit 7 – TSM: Timer/Counter Synchronization Mode
Writing the TSM bit to one activates the Timer/Counter Synchronization mode. In this mode, the
value that is written to the PSR0 and PSR321 bits is kept, hence keeping the corresponding
prescaler reset signals asserted. This ensures that the corresponding Timer/Counters are halted
and can be configured to the same value without the risk of one of them advancing during con-
figuration. When the TSM bit is written to zero, the PSR0 and PSR321 bits are cleared by
hardware, and the Timer/Counters start counting simultaneously.
• Bit 0 – PSR321: Prescaler Reset Timer/Counter3, Timer/Counter2, and Timer/Counter1
When this bit is one, the Timer/Counter3, Timer/Counter1, and Timer/Counter2 prescaler will be
reset. This bit is normally cleared immediately by hardware, except if the TSM bit is set. Note
that Timer/Counter3, Timer/Counter1, and Timer/Counter2 share the same prescaler and a
reset of this prescaler will affect all three timers.
PSR321
Clear
clk
T2
TIMER/COUNTER2 CLOCK SOURCE
0
CS20
CS21
CS22
T2
clk
T1
TIMER/COUNTER1 CLOCK SOURCE
0
CS10
CS11
CS12
T1
clk
T3
TIMER/COUNTER3 CLOCK SOURCE
0
CS30
CS31
CS32
T3
10-BIT T/C PRESCALER
CK
CK/8
CK/64
CK/256
CK/1024
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TSM
–
–
–
ACME
PUD
PSR0
PSR321
SFIOR
Read/Write
R/W
R
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial Value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
