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Echo

Issue 3.4.1 June 2005

209

Packet loss concealment (PLC)

Some packet loss can be dealt with by attempting to conceal the loss by generating packets to
take the place of the missing packets. ITU standards G.711 Annex I and the G.729 standard
define methods by which packet loss concealment can be provided. Excessive packet loss
cannot be disguised so, ultimately, PLC gives way to comfort noise generation (CNG) if too
many packets are lost in succession.

Ramping down to silence is a typical way that PLC is performed. Loss of six consecutive
packets is considered to be the maximum number of packets over which PLC can be sensibly
applied.

Echo

The two main types of talker echo are acoustic echo and electrical echo caused by hybrid
impedance mismatch.

Acoustic echo occurs when the talker’s voice traverses through the airpath from the receiver
back to the microphone of the remote terminal. This effect depends on the properties of the
remote room; for example, large room size, hard walls.

Electrical echo is due to an impedance mismatch between four-wire and two wire systems or in
the conversion between a headset and its adapter.

The user's perception of echo increases with delay. In practice, most echo received by the ear
within 30 ms is ignored. But if the level of the received echo signal is extremely high, even a
couple of milliseconds will cause echo perception. Echo received after 30 ms may be perceived
as an annoyance. Usually, only the speaker hears an echo but the receiver does not. Because
of the end-to-end latency in some IP Telephony implementations exceeds the latency in some
circuit-switched systems, the perception of echo can be greater in the IP Telephony system.

One strategy for dealing with echo is through the use of echo cancellers. Echo cancellers, which
have varying amounts of memory, store incoming voice streams in digital form in a buffer and
compare the received voice with the previously transmitted voice patterns stored in memory. If
the patterns match, the canceller removes the echo. Echo cancellers are not perfect, however.
There will be a residual level left even in optimal operating conditions. Echo cancellers operate
properly only if the one-way trip delay between the echo canceller and the echo source (for
example, the acoustic airpath at the telephone set or electrical hybrid) is larger than the echo
canceller can handle, the echo canceller will not find a pattern to cancel.

Avaya's G350 and G700 Medial Gateways, the Avaya TN2302 Media Processor (in the G650
Media Gateways), the Avaya IP SoftPhone, and the Avaya 4600 Series IP Telephone all
incorporate echo cancellers designed for IP Telephony to improve voice quality.

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Summary of Contents for Application Solutions

Page 1: ...Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide 555 245 600 Issue 3 4 1 June 2005 ...

Page 2: ...uch as harmful tampering data loss or alteration regardless of motive or intent Be aware that there may be a risk of unauthorized intrusions associated with your system and or its networked equipment Also realize that if such an intrusion should occur it could result in a variety of losses to your company including but not limited to human data privacy intellectual property material assets financi...

Page 3: ...e the quantity of devices that may be connected to the telephone line Excessive RENs on the telephone line may result in devices not ringing in response to an incoming call In most but not all areas the sum of RENs should not exceed 5 0 To be certain of the number of devices that may be connected to a line as determined by the total RENs contact the local telephone company REN is not required for ...

Page 4: ... Supplier s Declaration of Conformity SDoC Avaya Inc in the United States of America hereby certifies that the equipment described in this document and bearing a TIA TSB 168 label identification number complies with the FCC s Rules and Regulations 47 CFR Part 68 and the Administrative Council on Terminal Attachments ACTA adopted technical criteria Avaya further asserts that Avaya handset equipped ...

Page 5: ...ervers 26 Avaya Media Gateways 26 Avaya Integrated Management 27 Avaya communication devices 28 Avaya Communication Manager applications 28 Avaya Application Solutions platforms 31 Small to mid size enterprise 33 Avaya S8300 Media Server and Avaya G700 or G350 Media Gateway 33 DEFINITY Server CSI and CMC1 Media Gateway 45 DEFINITY Server SI and SCC1 or MCC1 Media Gateway 45 Mid market to large ent...

Page 6: ...ed to IP 85 Migration from DEFINITY Server R to S8700 Multi Connect 86 Phase 1 Processor replacement 86 Phase 2 IP enable the Port Networks to support IP endpoints 88 Phase 3 Server consolidation 89 Call processing 91 Communication Manager capabilities 91 Voice and multimedia networking 92 Intelligent networking and call routing 92 IP Port Network Media Gateway connectivity 92 H 248 Media Gateway ...

Page 7: ...rnet stackable switch 112 C460 converged multi layer switch 117 Avaya Power over Ethernet PoE switches 118 Midspan Power Unit 119 Description 119 Converged infrastructure security gateways 121 VSUs 121 VPN Client 123 Terminals 125 Avaya IP Softphone 125 Softphone operating modes 126 Avaya IP Agent 127 Avaya Softconsole 128 Avaya IP Softphone for Pocket PC 128 Features 129 Avaya 4600 Series IP Tele...

Page 8: ...es 163 TN2312 IPSI circuit packs 174 Processing occupancy 175 IP Bandwidth and Call Admission Control 176 Physical resource placement 185 Final checks and adjustments 185 Security 187 Your security policy 187 Avaya Communication Manager and Media Servers 189 LAN isolation configurations 193 Virus and worm protection 196 IP Telephony circuit pack security 198 TN2312 IP Server Interface IPSI 198 TN2...

Page 9: ...16 Monitoring management applications 218 Avaya Network management applications and device managers 219 Third party network management products 223 Multi Router Traffic Grapher 223 HP OpenView Network Node Manager 224 Network management models 224 Distributed component 225 Centralized hybrid 226 Reliability and Recovery 229 Reliability 230 Reliability and availability 230 High availability general...

Page 10: ...ware Availability Assessment 257 Software Availability Assessment 260 Data Network Availability 260 Example a Geographically Distributed Solution 261 Section 3 Getting the IP network ready for telephony 275 IP Telephony network engineering overview 277 Overview 277 Voice quality 279 Best practices 281 Common issues 282 Network design 283 LAN issues 283 General guidelines 283 VLANS 285 IP addressin...

Page 11: ... QoS 313 Layer 3 QoS 313 QoS guidelines 314 IEEE 802 1 p Q 316 Recommendations for end to end QoS 317 DiffServ 317 RSVP 319 Queuing methods 320 WFQ 320 PQ 320 Round robin 321 CB WFQ LLQ CBQ 321 RED WRED 321 Traffic shaping and policing 322 Frame Relay traffic shaping 322 Fragmentation 323 MTU 323 LFI 324 FRF 12 324 RTP 324 Application perspective 325 Network perspective 325 The test 326 Configurat...

Page 12: ...37 Security Concerns 339 Other IP interfaces 339 S8700 IP connect 340 Introduction 340 Network connectivity between Avaya S8700 servers and port networks 340 Single site with a dedicated control network connected 341 Multi Site with a dedicated control network routed 342 Conclusion 343 IPSI configuration 344 Network design 344 Provisioning Network Regions 345 QoS 345 Security 345 S8700 S8300 LSP 3...

Page 13: ... Change control 369 Introduction 369 Critical steps for creating a change management process 369 Planning 370 Managing 371 High Level process flow 372 Scope 373 Risk assessment 373 Test and validation 375 Change planning 376 Change controller 377 Change management team 378 Communication 379 Implementation team 379 Test evaluation of change 380 Network management update 380 Documentation 381 High L...

Page 14: ...e 386 Periodic performance meeting 386 Appendix B Access list 387 Appendix C Multi VLAN example 395 IP Telephone configuration 399 PC configuration 400 Appendix D DHCP TFTP 401 DHCP 401 Required information 401 Choosing a DHCP configuration 401 DHCP software alternatives 402 DHCP generic setup 402 Windows NT 4 0 DHCP server 404 Windows 2000 DHCP server 408 TFTP 412 TFTP Generic Setup 412 Avaya TFT...

Page 15: ...ustomer s data network This book does not contain procedural information for installing configuring or maintaining IP telephony products This type of procedural information is contained in other product documentation available at http www avaya com support Audience The primary audiences for this book are Avaya employees and Business Partners working in sales and sales support organizations Custome...

Page 16: ...Section II Deploying IP Telephony Use this section to learn about deployment issues including Traffic engineering Security Voice quality issues Network management Reliability and recovery Section III Getting the IP network ready for telephony Use this section to learn about preparing an IP network for telephony including Network design and engineering Quality of service Implementing Communication ...

Page 17: ...ok You can also download these updates from the Avaya Web site Downloading this book To download the latest version of this book 1 Access the Avaya web site at http www avaya com support 2 On the upper right of the page type 555 245 600 in the Search Support box and then click Go The system displays the Product Documentation Search Results page 3 Scroll down to find the latest issue number and the...

Page 18: ...ng System Support at 1 800 225 7585 Maintenance and repair call the Avaya National Customer Care Support Line at 1 800 242 2121 Toll fraud call Avaya Toll Fraud Intervention at 1 800 643 2353 International For access to all international resources contact your local Avaya authorized dealer Trademarks All trademarks identified by the or are registered trademarks or trademarks respectively of Avaya ...

Page 19: ... send your comments to Avaya Inc Product Documentation Group Room B3 H13 1300 W 120th Ave Westminster CO 80234 USA E mail send your comments to document avaya com Fax send your comments to 1 303 538 1741 Ensure that you mention the name and number of this book Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide 555 245 600 ...

Page 20: ...About This Book 20 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 21: ...Issue 3 4 1 June 2005 21 Section 1 Avaya Application Solutions product guide ...

Page 22: ...22 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 23: ...ity and functionality No compromise means that Avaya allows customers to migrate to IP Telephony without compromising on features all features are maintained or expanded interfaces all existing telephones and lines are supported along with new IP Telephones Softphones and IP trunks or reliability Avaya Communication Manager is the centerpiece of Avaya Application Solutions Communication Manager ru...

Page 24: ...g family of DEFINITY servers Communication Manager carries forward all the current DEFINITY capabilities plus all the enhancements that enable enterprises to take advantage of new distributed technologies increased scalability and redundancy Communication Manager is evolved from DEFINITY software and delivers no compromise enterprise IP Telephony Communications Applications Communications Manager ...

Page 25: ...and extensibility and enterprise communications networking Communication Manager operates on Avaya Media Servers and on the existing family of DEFINITY servers For more information on the Avaya Application Solutions related features of Communication Manager see Call processing The following additional resource provides even more details on Communication Manager www avaya com Avaya Media Servers An...

Page 26: ...s network design incorporating the newer Communication Manager platforms Therefore the DEFINITY Servers are only discussed briefly here For detailed discussions on Communication Manager supported by these DEFINITY Servers see For US Business Partners https www avaya com doc gpp public pss category cs eclips definity_servers index html Avaya Media Gateways An Avaya Media Gateway supports both beare...

Page 27: ...ks The applications include network management fault management performance management configuration management and policy management functionality The Avaya Integrated Management applications include Avaya Site Administration Avaya MultiSite Administration Avaya Fault and Performance Manager Avaya Proxy Agent Avaya Voice Announcement Manager Avaya VoIP Monitoring Manager Avaya Network Management ...

Page 28: ...ket PC Avaya IP Agent Extension to Cellular Application DEFINITY Wireless DECT System Avaya Wireless Telephone Solutions For more information about Avaya smart devices see Wireless on page 138 For US Business Partners https www avaya com doc gpp public pss category telephone_end_user_devices html Avaya Communication Manager applications Avaya Communication Manager has embedded capabilities for Cal...

Page 29: ... center operations Agent Access Avaya Call Management System Avaya Call Management System Supervisor Avaya Basic Call Management System Avaya Business Advocate Call Center Avaya Call Center Basic Avaya Call Center Deluxe Avaya Call Center Elite Call Recording CALLMASTER series digital telephones Computer Telephony ASAI Avaya Visual Vectors Avaya IP Agent Avaya Network Reporting Avaya Virtual Routi...

Page 30: ...ted by Avaya Communication Manager INTUITY Messaging Systems Aria Messaging Systems Serenade Messaging Systems Modular Messaging For more information on Avaya messaging products see For US Business Partners https www avaya com doc gpp public pss category messaging html Conferencing systems For more information on Conferencing see For US Business Partners https www avaya com doc gpp public pss cate...

Page 31: ...ons per system This chapter provides an overview of the Avaya Communication Manager platforms architecture that supports Avaya Application Solutions components and features Figure 3 Avaya Application Solutions platforms cynd103c KLC 10 25 04 40 200 500 900 5K 16K 36K 2 S8300 G700 G350 S87xx G650 G700 G350 IP Connect S87xx SCC1 MCC1 G700 G350 Mulit Connect S87xx G700 G350 S8500 G650 G700 G350 IP Co...

Page 32: ...hat v8 0 Pre 2 0 Linux Redhat v6 2 2 0 Linux Redhat v8 0 Pre 2 0 Linux Redhat v6 2 2 0 Linux Redhat v8 0 Processor Intel Pentium class server 20 GB hard disk drive 256 MB of RAM Intel Pentium Class Server 20 GB hard disk drive 256 MB of RAM Removable Flash card backup Intel Pentium Class Server 20 GB hard disk drive 256 MB of RAM Removable Flash card backup Intel Pentium Class Server 20 GB hard di...

Page 33: ... the power of distributed Ethernet switching from the P330 Stackable Switching System Number of IP endpoints supported Up to 450 Up to 12 000 Up to 12 000 Up to 12 000 Reliability survivability Local Spare Processor No options Duplicated Processor Local Spare Processor backup for G700 or G350 Duplicated Processor Duplicated control network connection Duplicated bearer connectivity Local Spare Proc...

Page 34: ...al Survivable Processor LSP standby server for another S8300 Media Server in the configuration Multiple G700 Media Gateways can be connected to each other through an Octaplane 8 Gbps stacking fabric and Avaya P330 Expansion Modules which allows adding additional Ethernet ports fiber interfaces ATM access or WAN access modules without additional switches The system can be networked to other PBXs an...

Page 35: ...N SERVICES SERVICES USB 1 USB 1 USB 2 USB 2 E1 T1 EIA 530A DCE EIA 530A DCE ALM TST ACT SIG ALM TST ACT SIG EI SO EM SM EO SI IP Phone PC IP Phone PSTN ALM TST ACT ALM TST ACT 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 ALM TST ACT ALM TST ACT 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 REMOVE REMOVE ALM TST ACT OK TO ALM TST ACT OK TO SHUT DOWN SERVICES USB 1 USB 1 USB 2 USB 2 E1 T1 EIA 530A DCE ALM TST ACT SIG ALM TST ACT SIG EI SO EM SM EO SI ALM TS...

Page 36: ... by Communication Manager thus offering the complete set of Communication Manager call features to both IP users and traditional telephony users From a hardware perspective the G700 Media Gateway is an enclosure with an internal power supply and a motherboard This design that provides the hardware resources for the Gateway functions and electrical connectivity for four media modules one Cascade mo...

Page 37: ...oard hardware design involves three major blocks A DSP engine and associated packet processor complex This complex performs IP UDP RTP processing echo cancellation G 711 A µ G 729 with or without silence suppression fax relay silence suppression jitter buffer management packet loss concealment and so on A Gateway Processor complex This complex is the master controller of the Gateway and controls a...

Page 38: ...h additional VoIP Media Module MM760 increases the VoIP channel capacity of a G700 media gateway by the equivalent of a TN2302 circuit pack The G700 Media Gateway Processor The G700 Media Gateway Processor MGP is the master controller of the Media Gateway The Motorola 860T processor in this complex implements the H 248 protocol to communicate with the Gateway Controller Under the direction of the ...

Page 39: ...LAN in addition to internal backup in Flash memory The announcements are stored as industry standard waveform wav files This enables customers to create high quality studio announcements save the announcements to their PC or server and then share the same announcements with multiple Avaya Application Solutions Other features of the G700 VAL announcement offer include A G700 VAL announcement source...

Page 40: ...he internal 10 100 Ethernet bus and the TDM Bus An S8300 primary controller can control up to 50 G700 or G350 Media Gateways 450 stations and 450 trunks S8300 as the Local Survivable Processor LSP The LSP is an S8300 Media Server installed in a G700 or G350 Media Gateway The LSP provides survivability when the primary controller either an S8300 ICC or an S8700 External Communications Controller EC...

Page 41: ... and SCP for secure administration and upgrading A new fair voice queue for enhanced QoS support for IP Telephony application Support for DSL modems as either primary or backup links In addition the G350 now supports enhanced management features including USB modem support and LSP alarming The USB modem interface is intended for administration only As such it is not routable and cannot be used as ...

Page 42: ...edia modules which connect to circuit switched phones trunks and data devices This configuration is capable of supporting up to 40 stations maximum of 26 legacy Analog DCP stations and 35 trunks including both circuit switched and IP switched endpoints Media Gateway In this configuration there is no internal media server The G350 is dependent on a separate controller This may be an external standa...

Page 43: ...e the functions of the fixed ports and buttons on the G350 front panel Table 4 Fixed ports on the G350 front panel Port Description TRK An analog trunk port Part of an integrated analog media module LINE 1 LINE2 Analog telephone ports of the integrated analog media module An analog relay between TRK and LINE 1 provides Emergency Transfer Relay ETR feature ETR could be confusing term CC RJ 45 port ...

Page 44: ... telephone ports MM314 HDMM 24 10 100 Ethernet ports with Power over Ethernet MM340 1 E1 T1 WAN port MM342 1 V 35 X 21 Universal Serial port USP WAN port MM710 1 T1 E1 trunk port MM711 8 universal analog ports MM712 8 DCP telephone ports MM714 4 analog telephone ports and 4 analog trunk ports MM717 24 port DCP Media Module for G350 G700 MM720 8 ISDN BRI trunk ports MM722 2 ISDN BRI trunk ports S83...

Page 45: ...cations Satellite offices of large corporations tend to require the same applications that are used at their headquarters location DEFINITY Server SI and SCC1 or MCC1 Media Gateway This solution is ideal for locations with 250 to 1 000 employees This solution can support up to 2 400 stations with a seamless migration to larger Avaya Media Servers More information on these two platforms is availabl...

Page 46: ... and G650 Media Gateways The Avaya G700 and G350 Media Gateways are also supported provided that there is a TCP IP connection between the media gateway and a C LAN circuit pack located in a MCC1 SCC1 CMC1 or G650 Media Gateway The S8500 has the capacity to support up to 64 port networks Up to 3 MCC1 port networks can be directly connected Even though the server capacity supports up to 64 port netw...

Page 47: ... IP and non IP Up to 2400 Total number of ports Up to 44 000 Number of IP users G700 or G350 Total IP users cannot be combined with non IP users Up to 5 000 12 000 Number of non IP users G700 or G350 Total users cannot be combined with IP users Up to 5 000 36 000 Table 9 Scalability for S8500 Feature Capacity Number of MCC1 and SCC1 in Direct Connection Configuration Up to 3 Number of G650 in IP C...

Page 48: ...duplicated headquarters with branch and remote offices The Linux based Media Servers support up to 36 000 stations 12 000 of which can be IP and 8 000 trunks with the capacity limit of 300 000 General Business call mix BHCC Because calls are processed through both IP and traditional circuit switch links this platform is called the Multi Connect Solution The Media Server and the Gateways call contr...

Page 49: ...d management processing capabilities of the system The Media server is connected to other system and external components primarily through IP networks S8700 external features Six 10 100 Ethernet NICs per server which are used as follows Dual control network connections A heartbeat link to the duplicated server Administrative access from the corporate network Technician access One unused Table 11 C...

Page 50: ... UPS provides approximately 30 minutes of power backup Combinations of battery extension modules and a 1500 VA UPS provide up to 8 hours of power backup The AS1 UPS units use SNMP traps to send an alarm when power fails This action initiates a graceful shutdown process of the Linux server including the call processing software USB modem Each S8700 series Media Server supports a Universal Serial Bu...

Page 51: ...er schematic Other components The S8700 in a Multi Connect solution also includes the following components An Avaya P133 P134 P333 or P334 Ethernet switch with duplication option One or more IP Server Interface IPSI circuit packs TN2312AP A Center Stage Switch CSS or an ATM Switch for bearer connectivity One or more MCC1 or SCC1 Media Gateways also known as port networks PNs ...

Page 52: ...When designing S8700 Multi Connect systems a control network connects the servers to the IPSIs through a private 10 100 BaseT Ethernet It consists of two separate Ethernet networks made from Avaya Ethernet switches Control network A connects to the primary IPSIs and control network B connects to the secondary IPSIs Figure 12 S8700 Multi Connect control network Figure 12 S8700 Multi Connect control...

Page 53: ...s117 KLC 121003 IP IP PN1 PN2 H 323 endpoint or H 248 Gateway C L A N I P S I B C L A N B S8700 Center Stage non IP IP Phone ALM TST ACT ALM TST ACT 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 ALM TST ACT ALM TST ACT 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 REMOVE ALM TST ACT OK TO ALM TST ACT OK TO SHUT DOWN SHUT DOWN SERVICES SERVICES USB 1 USB 1 USB 2 USB 2 E1 T1 EIA 530A DCE EIA 530A DCE ALM TST ACT SIG ALM TST ACT SIG EI SO EM EM SM EO SI G700 ...

Page 54: ...ways by tunneling control messages over the center stage TDM network to the PNs that do not have IPSIs For locations with high IP Telephone traffic Avaya recommends a greater number of IPSI circuit packs An IPSI cannot be placed in A PN that has a Stratum 3 clock interface A remote PN that uses a DS1 converter A Survivable Remote Expansion Port Network SREPN The IPSI supports the following functio...

Page 55: ... be advantageous to segregate IP voice control traffic from device control traffic IP Media Processor TN2302AP The TN2302 MedPro circuit pack is a media processor that provides a gateway between the TDM bus and the Ethernet network for the audio streams The S8700 Multi Connect requires resources on a TN2302 circuit pack for IP Telephony bearer communications The MedPro includes a 10 100 BaseT Ethe...

Page 56: ... channel Compressing and decompressing audio for example G 729 to G 711 Terminating TCP for an incoming T 120 data stream and transcoding it to H 221 compliant format for transmission onto the TDM bus and vice versa Summing multiple audio channels into a composite signal for audio conferencing The S8700 series Media Server is responsible for sending messages to the circuit pack to allocate and to ...

Page 57: ...ect configuration S8700 Multi Connect can have a mixture of MCC1 and SCC1 cabinets in a system However the type of cabinet cannot be split within a Port Network Multi Carrier Cabinet MCC1 Media Gateway The MCC1 Media Gateway can contain up to five of the following carriers A Port Carrier that contains one or more of the following Port circuit packs VOIP conversion resources Service circuit packs T...

Page 58: ...edia Gateway The SCC1 Media Gateway consists of a single carrier Up to four SCC1 Media Gateways can be connected together in one location to form one port network There are two types of SCC1 Media Gateways An Expansion Control Cabinet that contains service slots and port slots A Port Cabinet that contains ports and interfaces to an Expansion Control Cabinet ...

Page 59: ...system automatically allocates those resources and also compensates for any component failure Remote MCC1 SCC1 Media Gateways The dedicated control network for an S8700 with MCC1 or SCC1 Media Gateway can be extended to an IPSI in a remote media gateway But for cost effectiveness and straightforward installation Avaya recommends that all of the IPSI connected media gateways be collocated with the ...

Page 60: ...h nodes SN which reside in a Port Network carrier SNs are composed of one or two switch node carriers depending on whether the solution is being duplicated for critical reliability Port Network expansion depends on internal SN to SN traffic according to the following guidelines 1 SN expands from 1 to up to 15 PNs 2 SNs expands to up to 29 PNs 3 SNs expands to up to 44 PNs ATM network The Asynchron...

Page 61: ...ents Two S8700 series Media Servers Server to IPSI control is not duplicated One UPS unit for each S8700 Media Server Using two UPS units ensures that a single UPS failure or repair operation does not disable the system One IPSI in each IPSI connected port network Circuit switched traffic between port networks is carried on a simplex network that is made up of one Expansion Interface EI in each po...

Page 62: ...sses for the various components of the S8700 Multi Connect Media Server must be administered to prevent conflicts with other equipment that shares the network In the default S8700 Multi Connect configuration all other Ethernet connections operate on their own closed LANs 7 Network control A interface default Ethernet 0 The server s Ethernet connection to one or two Ethernet switches This Ethernet ...

Page 63: ...lowing components Two S8700 series Media Servers Two IPSI circuit packs in each IPSI connected port network Two Ethernet switches Two UPS units Circuit switched traffic between port networks is carried on a simplex network that is made up of one Expansion Interface EI in each port network The EIs are cabled with lightguide fiber to either the Center Stage Switch CSS or an Asynchronous Transfer Mod...

Page 64: ...ndedicated network IP addresses for the various components of the S8700 Multi Connect Media Server must be administered to prevent conflicts with other equipment that shares the network In the default S8700 Multi Connect configuration all other Ethernet connections operate on their own closed LANs 7 Network control A interface default Ethernet 0 The server s Ethernet connection to one or two Ether...

Page 65: ...P Connect configuration The S8700 IP Connect configuration is an all IP solution that is built on open IP network connection This solution is designed for medium to large enterprises The main difference between the IP Connect Solution and Multi Connect solution is that IP Connect uses the IP network for all inter gateway communication where Multi Connect also uses CSS or ATM networking As Table 12...

Page 66: ...TST ACT ALM TST ACT 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 ALM TST ACT ALM TST ACT 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 REMOVE REMOVE ALM TST ACT OK TO ALM TST ACT OK TO SHUT DOWN SHUT DOWN SERVICES SERVICES USB 1 USB 1 USB 2 USB 2 E1 T1 E1 T1 EIA 530A DCE EIA 530A DCE ALM TST ACT SIG ALM TST ACT SIG EI SO EM SM EO SI PSTN S8700 Servers IP Phone IP Phone PC G650 Gateway DCP Edge Router Ethernet WAN Edge Router Avaya IP PBX S8300 S8700 Ether...

Page 67: ...r S8700 G650 G700 G350 IP Connect solution Feature Capacity General Business Busy Hour Call Completion Up to 100 000 Number of stations Up to 12 000 Number of IP users IP trunks IP stations Up to 12 000 Number of non IP users Up to 8 000 Number of trunks independent of the number of users Up to 4 000 up to 1000 SIP trunks 1 of 2 ...

Page 68: ...Server IP Connect major components on page 69 shows the main S8700 IP Connect components mounted in an open EIA 310 D compliant 19 inch data rack Total number of ports Up to 16 000 Number of IP users G700 or G350 Total IP users cannot be combined with non IP users Up to 5 000 12 000 Number of non IP users G700 or G350 Total users cannot be combined with IP users Up to 5 000 12 000 Table 13 Scalabi...

Page 69: ...3 4 5 6 8 9 Power 2 7 11 12 13 Power 1 14 E FAN OR POWER FAIL FAN AND POWER OK AC INPUT DC INPUT ACTIVE RING FAN OR POWER FAIL FAN AND POWER OK AC INPUT DC INPUT ACTIVE RING 10 3 4 5 6 8 9 Power 2 7 11 12 13 Power 1 14 D FAN OR POWER FAIL FAN AND POWER OK AC INPUT DC INPUT ACTIVE RING FAN OR POWER FAIL FAN AND POWER OK AC INPUT DC INPUT ACTIVE RING 10 3 4 5 6 8 9 Power 2 7 11 12 13 Power 1 14 C FA...

Page 70: ...A dedicated Ethernet connection to a laptop computer This connection is active only during on site administration or maintenance and the Services interface can link to the non active server through a telnet session 4 Connection from the servers to the Ethernet switch 5 Ethernet switch A device that provides port multiplication on a LAN by creating more than one network segment 6 UPS units Two UPS ...

Page 71: ... web site S8710 Media Server The Avaya S8710 Media Server Platform is a new high performance Intel Xeon based server running Avaya Communication Manager CM software that will replace the S8700 media server The S8700 media server will be marked End of Sale upon release of the S8710 The S8710 system supports the Avaya MCC1 SCC1 CMC1 and G650 Media Gateways The Avaya G700 and G350 Media Gateways are ...

Page 72: ...ave its own server blade each of which is capable of supporting up to 500 users 92 trunks and 500 IP endpoints In addition each blade can support 50 G350 or G700 media gateways 50 G650 gateways and 50 LSPs The blade server capacities are listed in Table 15 Number of IP users G700 or G350 Total IP users cannot be combined with non IP users Up to 5 000 12 000 Number of non IP users G700 or G350 Tota...

Page 73: ...rm that supports IP Telephony for the small to mid size market Avaya IP Office is an IP PBX for 10 to180 stations Avaya IP Office is not part of the Avaya Application Solutions offer and thus is not covered extensively in this document More information about the IP Office is available on the Avaya Support web site Table 15 IBM eServer Blade Center Media Server specifications Feature Capacity Commu...

Page 74: ...Avaya Application Solutions platforms 74 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 75: ...ach is described in Evolution from circuit switched to IP on page 85 Components needed for Greenfield deployment In a Greenfield deployment the primary connection medium is IP To provide the greatest flexibility and the lowest costs for a converged solution most endpoints should be IP Telephones or IP Softphones A mixture of IP endpoints and circuit switched endpoints places increased demand on Me...

Page 76: ... and endpoints The Media Servers control the dial plan translations and call routing call setup and teardown Call Detail Record CDR generation traffic management The Media Servers also offer H 323 gatekeeper functionality and provide the extensive telephony features that are included with Avaya Communication Manager Avaya s Linux based servers include S8300 Media Server The server resides in the G...

Page 77: ...handled by a C LAN circuit pack or native processor Ethernet connectivity The IP network can be extended across geographically disparate locations With Communication Manager ISDN Distributed Communication Services DCS or QSIG services Communication Manager can extend feature transparency centralized voice mail centralized attendant service call center applications and enhanced call routing across ...

Page 78: ...however be networked with other systems through IP trunks or PSTN tie trunks The S8300 Server fits into a Media Module slot in the G700 or G350 Media Gateway As shown in Figure 26 An S8300 G700 G350 system on page 79 the G700 is a 2U 19 inch rack mountable chassis The S8300 Server contains a built in Ethernet switch an IP expansion module slot four Media Module slots and an Octaplane stacking modu...

Page 79: ...h IP or circuit switched trunks to provide for significantly larger telephony networks The control link between the Media Servers and the Media Gateways traverses the enterprise IP network All G650 Media Gateways require IPSI circuit packs to provide the Gateway s control link There is no traditional circuit switch Center Stage Switch and the media traffic flow is entirely through the enterprise d...

Page 80: ...ises that require a high number of IP stations but a low number of PSTN or traditional circuit switched connections The S8700 series Media Server is the call controller that communicates with the G700 or G350 Gateways through the C LAN In this configuration the C LAN circuit pack acts as the front end processor for both the G700 G350 Media Gateways and IP endpoints cynds136 KLC 121003 IP IP Analog...

Page 81: ...104 ALM TST ACT ALM TST ACT 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 ALM TST ACT ALM TST ACT 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 REMOVE ALM TST ACT OK TO ALM TST ACT OK TO SHUT DOWN SHUT DOWN SERVICES SERVICES USB 1 USB 1 USB 2 USB 2 E1 T1 E1 T1 EIA 530A DCE EIA 530A DCE ALM TST ACT SIG ALM TST ACT SIG EI SO EM SM EO SI IP G700 with S8300 LSP VoIP mod ALM TST ACT ALM TST ACT 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 ALM TST ACT ALM TST ACT 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 REMOVE ALM ...

Page 82: ... S8300 Media Server Figure 29 Signaling path S8700 G650 configuration Note Note In the IP Connect S8700 G650 configuration each Port Network has an IPSI circuit pack As Figure 30 Media flow path S8700 IP Connect configuration on page 83 shows an IP Telephone sends all media streams to the MedPro Once a call is established if the remote endpoint is another IP Telephone the media stream might shuffl...

Page 83: ... 4 1 June 2005 83 Figure 30 Media flow path S8700 IP Connect configuration For detailed characteristics of the IPSI C LAN and Media Processor circuit packs see the Avaya Application Solutions platforms chapter Figure 31 Signaling flow ...

Page 84: ...unication devices Avaya stations include IP Telephones and IP Softphones Avaya also supports IP trunks In addition all the Media Gateways support traditional terminals such as analog BRI and DCP telephones For detailed descriptions of Avaya IP Telephony endpoints see the Terminals chapter ...

Page 85: ...s to move from the circuit switched world to a full IP PBX while retaining their investment in TDM based equipment and connections On the endpoints moving to IP Telephony allows simplified moves adds and changes It also simplifies the building wiring plan by sharing one Ethernet connection with both the IP Telephone and the desktop PC It also adds IP mobility while retaining the rich set of DEFINI...

Page 86: ...gning S8700 Multi Connect systems the call control network must be a nonrouted private network that is disconnected from the internal IP network of the enterprise The equipment for this private network is provided as part of the S8700 Multi Connect solution See Voice quality network requirements for more information on setting up an IP network that can support IP Telephony The S8700 Media Server c...

Page 87: ... 8 Sequentially bring up the duplicated servers Figure 33 S8700 Media Servers Multi Connect configuration shows the completion of Phase 1 an S8700 Multi Connect system that supports only traditional endpoints Figure 33 S8700 Media Servers Multi Connect configuration Note Note In the traditional PBX system signaling and bearer traffic for all calls connects through the TDM buses within Port Network...

Page 88: ... that are intended for IP Softphones and IP Telephones Signaling and bearer communication can connect through both the traditional TDM center stage route and the IP network infrastructure This gentle migration to IP Telephony Figure 34 IP enabled DEFINITY configuration might have minimal impact on an existing non IP system while simultaneously enabling all new IP endpoints to fully access all the ...

Page 89: ...iguration Phase 3 Server consolidation Traditionally some enterprises have elected to use multiple DEFINITY systems at remote sites to protect against a circuit failure on the center stage network bringing down an entire remote site With the decision to run multiple servers came the need for additional administrative resources and a more complex dial plan Today through the use of IP Telephony tech...

Page 90: ...ive to customers who decide to use a majority of IP endpoints at the remote site This solution will however continue to support analog endpoints and DCP endpoints Analog trunks and ISDN trunks are also supported To decrease operational expenses the circuit switched trunks back to the main site can be replaced with IP trunks cynds142 KLC 121003 CSS ATM G700 LSP G350 LSP PSTN LAN Private LAN ALM TST...

Page 91: ... family of DEFINITY servers Communication Manager seeks to solve business challenges by powering voice communications and integrating with value added applications Communication Manager provides user and system management functionality intelligent call routing application integration and extensibility and Enterprise Communications networking For more information on Communication Manager see Avaya ...

Page 92: ...hod allows deployment of communications systems throughout a customer s data network H 248 Media Gateway control Communication Manager uses the standards based H 248 media gateway control protocol to perform call control of Avaya G700 and G350 Media Gateways H 248 defines a framework of call control signaling between the intelligent Media Servers and multiple Media Gateways H 248 controls both IP ...

Page 93: ...on and alternate gatekeeper list The RAS protocol is used by the IP endpoint to discover and register with the Communication Manager gatekeeper The discovery mechanism uses unicast IP facilities When registration with the original gatekeeper C LAN or S8300 IP address is successful the switch sends back the IP addresses of all the C LANs or LSPs in the IP Telephone s network region These addresses ...

Page 94: ...Media processing The basic functions of the TN2302 Media Processing MedPro circuit pack include Taking media streams off the IP network terminating RTP UDP adjusting for variable delay in arrival rate and converting them into PCM audio for transmission on the TDM bus Taking media streams from the TDM bus encoding them with the proper codec and transmitting them as RTP packets to an IP endpoint Ori...

Page 95: ...g from all parties and send the resultant composite audio stream to the IP parties that it supports Figure 38 MedPro support of a three party audio conference on page 96 provides an example to show how the MedPro circuit pack is configured for a three party H 323 audio conference using G 729 This conference is conventional in that it uses TDM bus timeslots to allow each party to listen to all of t...

Page 96: ...h office with only limited WAN bandwidth back to headquarters Call signaling traffic can be routed across the WAN while bearer traffic is sent over the PSTN Multi location Communication Manager 2 2 allows a Linux based media server located in one country to control gateways located across national borders and provide appropriate country specific tones and features Specifically these features inclu...

Page 97: ...orks by forcing the use of the G 711 uncompressed codec for the call Re transmission is governed by the application Pass through mode is suited to LAN environments where both ends of a call are synchronized using a common clock source Relay on the other hand uses redundant packet transmission to protect against packet loss Because relay mode does not force the use of G 711 it requires less bandwid...

Page 98: ...where practical Table 16 summarizes Avaya s fax modem and TTY options Table 16 Fax Modem and TTYoIP options Fax relay Default Avaya proprietary mode interoperates with previous releases Pass thru Proprietary mode uses more bandwidth fewer DSP resources off system ignores fax tones call remains in administered codec Modem off Default system ignores modem tones call remains in administered codec rel...

Page 99: ...dia Processor circuit packs The benefits of using IP trunks include Reducing long distance voice and fax expenses Facilitating global communications Providing a fully functional network with data and voice Converging and optimizing networks by using the available network resources IP trunk calls can be compressed to save network bandwidth Repeated compression and decompression transcoding results ...

Page 100: ...pecified as options in the trunk group administration When the IP trunk is used as a tie trunk to another vendor s switch gateway or gatekeeper Communication Manager sets up a separate TCP connection for each call SIP SIP stands for Session Initiation Protocol an endpoint oriented messaging standard defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF SIP is a text based protocol similar to HTTP an...

Page 101: ...sion Presence may also include contact or address information for the means of joining the communication session preferences about which means to use and when and state about availability at those means for example station on hook or off hook A presence event occurs when users log in or out of a telephone change their preferences about reachability at some location such as a phone or pager or chan...

Page 102: ...ng any type of cellular or wireless telephone With Extension to Cellular calls to an office number are extended to a cellular telephone allowing users to receive work related calls wherever they are and whenever they need Additionally the cellular telephone can be administered so that when a user calls into the office the user s name and office telephone number appear in the caller ID display of t...

Page 103: ... begins the process by capturing information about the caller even before the call is routed That information is integrated with existing databases and the combined data is used to match caller to agent Avaya Communication Manager integrates with a variety of Call Center applications like the Avaya Call Management System S for real time reporting and performance statistics and with Avaya Business ...

Page 104: ... CTI opens up Application Programmer Interfaces like ASAI Telephony Services Application Programming Interface TSAPI and Java Telephony Application Programming Interface JTAPI which can be used to control the server from an external application Application Programming Interfaces APIs Communication Manager supports the following APIs to interface with other applications Adjunct Switch Application I...

Page 105: ...making BSR a cost effective multi site solution for an enterprise wide contact center Meet me conferencing Meet me conferencing provides conferencing of up to six parties from any communication device that is internal or external to the business network This feature does not require any special hardware Meet me conferencing uses a software approach that is based on Vector Directory Number VDN vect...

Page 106: ...Call processing 106 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 107: ...werful yet cost effective option for enterprise applications The C360 series offers a migration path for the P330 series and can be stacked with P330 switches and G700 Media Gateways The Avaya C360 series of converged stackable switches includes A range of modules with 24 or 48 10 100 Mbps ports supporting PoE or non PoE and two GBIC SFP slots for Gigabit Ethernet connections A Layer 3 capability ...

Page 108: ... Converged Stackable switch A C360 switch can co reside in a stack with G700 media gateways and with selected P330 switches A C360 stack can contain up to 10 switches and up to three backup power supply units The stacked switches connect using the stacking sub modules that plug into a slot in the back of the C360 The X330RC cable connects the top and bottom switches in the stack and provides redun...

Page 109: ...lecting the port speed for devices either 10Mb or 100Mb Auto negotiation simplifies configuration of LAN connections by automatically selecting the port transmission mode for devices either half or full duplex Auto MDIX automatically adjusts for straight through or crossover cables on all 10 100 TX ports Traffic prioritization 802 1p allows real time traffic classification into 8 priority levels m...

Page 110: ...ayer 3 features Note Note An additional license is required for Layer 3 features Static RIPv1 RIPv2 OSPF IP routing protocols are supported Equal cost routing is used for load balancing and redundancy Router redundancy VRRP is supported NetBIOS rebroadcasting is available for applications such as WINS that use broadcasting but may need to also communicate with stations on other subnets or VLANs IC...

Page 111: ...og server Switch access can be restricted to specified protocols or services You an restrict access to management interfaces by IP address You can invoke a telnet client from the CLI Power over Ethernet PoE PoE is supported on the C363T PWR and C364T PWR switches PoE is fully compliant with the 802 3af 2003 standard PoE provides up to 15 4W per port on10 100 ports over Ethernet cables to power IP ...

Page 112: ...vaya P330 stack becomes an important component of a complete integrated data and voice solution for an enterprise Figure 43 Avaya P330 Ethernet stackable switching system The Avaya P330 family of stackable Ethernet switches can operate as part of a total workgroup solution You can stack the P330 switches to allow for pay as you grow scalability from a few to hundreds of ports and N 1 redundancy Ad...

Page 113: ...n of further ports except P330 ML models A rear panel option slot which allows the addition of the Octaplane stacking bus module An integrated network management agent The family of P330 Ethernet switches includes the following models P333T Ethernet switch This switch has 24 10 100BASE T Ethernet ports an expansion slot and a stacking slot P333R Multilayer Ethernet switch This multilayer switch ha...

Page 114: ...PoE Stacking Up to 10 switches can be stacked together Features such as Spanning Tree redundancy VLANs and SMON are common to the stack The Octaplane stacking system provides 8 Gbps stacking bandwidth to all switches in the stack P330 stacks continue to function even if one switch or link fails Switches in the stack can be added removed and replaced without disrupting operation An advanced electio...

Page 115: ...ugh resiliency between two LAG groups Port mirroring of any switch port is supported RMON SMON port statistics provide real time top down analysis of network traffic IP multicast filtering snooping filters multicast traffic to optimize network bandwidth Classification of ports as regular or valuable is supported so that if a link fails notification is generated for valuable ports only Layer 3 feat...

Page 116: ...a consistent timestamp to all switches from an external source You can use all appropriate tools of the Avaya Integrated Management suite for administration You an restrict access to management interfaces by IP address Power over Ethernet PoE PoE is supported on the P333T PWR switch PoE is fully compliant with the 802 3af 2003 standard PoE provides up to 15 4W per port on10 100 ports over Ethernet...

Page 117: ...s high port density and powerful Layer 2 and Layer 3 wire speed switching engine make it suitable for robust network infrastructure The C460 offers advanced management and monitoring capabilities using complete GUI tools including the SMON and Any layer SMON applications in the Avaya Information Management software The C460 s available I O modules include 48 10 100 PoE port Inline Power module 48 ...

Page 118: ...s a standard compatibility detection process before power is supplied to the Ethernet lines If the PD is removed or the link is interrupted the port polling mechanism detects this and power is cut off to the port while the detection process is applied again The PoE switch applies power to the port only after it detects that a PD is actually connected to the port Each PD has a resistance range know...

Page 119: ... powered data unit PDU or a power over Ethernet POE device The Midspan Power Unit is 1U in height 1 75 inches or 4 44 cm and has 24 RJ45 data input jacks on the bottom row and 24 data and power output RJ45 jacks Data flow is unaffected if power is disrupted and if the endpoint does not require power An example is a laptop computer that is connected to the 1152A1 The computer does not receive power...

Page 120: ... connector through brick transformer This brick type transformer provides 5 watts of power to the telephone The Avaya telephone treats this brick as the primary power source and will not accept power from the Ethernet cable if the barrel is seated into the telephone with or without the brick attached to AC power Ethernet cable through 1152A1 PDU Adequate power from the 1152A1 is supplied to the ge...

Page 121: ...Interoperability with Wireless Access Point products The 1152A1 unit can also power Avaya s Wireless Access Point systems The AP1 AP2 or AP3 act as a bridge between the wireless and the wired LAN This system requires a 5 volt power supply that can be replaced by a splitter which fits in the same cavity as the original power converter and allows power over the Ethernet eliminating the need to find ...

Page 122: ...al time data compression They offer wire speed performance that ranges from 16 Mbps to 100 Mbps for 3DES encrypted IPSec traffic and they can bridge at even higher speeds with non VPN traffic VSUs operating by default in bridge mode and seamlessly layer into the network behind an access router or in parallel with an existing firewall The VSU Series of VPN Gateways consists of 6 models The VSU 5 pr...

Page 123: ...r VPN that enables you to use the Avaya IP Softphone for secure convenient telephony from your laptop computer To protect the integrity and confidentiality of data that travels outside of an enterprise network VPNremote Client uses standards based IPSec technology to provide strong two factor authentication robust 3DES encryption and data compression VPNremote Client overcomes the complexities tha...

Page 124: ...Avaya LAN switching products 124 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 125: ...aptop computer and then use the modem on the computer to connect the Softphones to the switch from almost anywhere Avaya IP Softphone Figure 45 Avaya IP Softphone Avaya IP Softphone is for employees who work remotely on the road or at home Accessed through a simple graphical interface on the screen of a PC or laptop computer the IP Softphone gives mobile workers the full suite of Avaya Communicati...

Page 126: ...r in situations where only low speed Internet connections are available With this option feature access control and signaling is maintained and delivered across the IP network using H 323 but the voice is delivered across a second line to either a public switched telephone network PSTN or digital line to help ensure toll quality voice This capability can be extended to a cellular PCS or GSM teleph...

Page 127: ...y mode the Softphone only logs into the CCS server but not the CM server In this mode the Softphone is capable of acting as an instant messaging and presence client but cannot make or receive telephone calls Avaya IP Agent Avaya IP Agent is a Windows based Softphone application that is specifically designed to accommodate contact center agents who work remotely or in an office location It runs on ...

Page 128: ...nnection Voice over IP configuration telecommuter Dual connection road warrior for toll quality audio DCP connection using the CallMaster VI Integrated iClarity for IP audio Directory lookup and dialing Integrated with directory management to support up to 100 directory databases Permanent and per call notes Avaya IP Softphone for Pocket PC The Avaya IP Softphone for Pocket PC Figure 46 Avaya IP S...

Page 129: ...ial buttons and personal feature settings Mobile workers can receive calls virtually anywhere and remote workers can connect to your enterprise with wireless local area networks LANs and virtual private networks VPNs The latest release of the Avaya IP Softphone for Pocket PC provides new user productivity features and global support with multiple languages Features CTI control of IP Telephones Imp...

Page 130: ...s through language packs Emergency Call Handling 911 Ability to modify E 911 station feature settings Ability to modify the look and feel of the graphical user interface with a swap skin capability Call log history Avaya 4600 Series IP Telephones Figure 47 Avaya 4602 IP Telephone Figure 48 Avaya 4606 IP Telephone ...

Page 131: ...Avaya 4600 Series IP Telephones Issue 3 4 1 June 2005 131 Figure 49 Avaya 4612 IP Telephone Figure 50 Avaya 4620 IP Telephone Figure 51 Avaya 4624 IP Telephone ...

Page 132: ...Networking coordination The IP terminals use the Internet Protocol to communicate with the systems to which they are attached The protocol is H 323 with proprietary signaling added to provide access to the full functionality that is available in the Avaya servers running Avaya Communication Manager IP Telephones are intended to connect to the customer s data network These networks inherently conta...

Page 133: ...ayer 2 switch In addition the 30A Ethernet Switch Base adds fully switched capability to the 4612 and the 4624 telephones Features and applications Table 18 Avaya 4600 series IP Telephone features and applications Feature Application Speakerphone High quality built in speakerphone with echo cancellation directional microphone and a tuned speaker cavity provides the highest audio quality Infrared c...

Page 134: ... that are common to the 4600 Series G 711 G 729A B Voice Coders QoS options for UDP Port selection Diffserv 802 1p Q Support for Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP Version 2 DHCP client and Statically Manual Configurable IP Addressing Multiple power options including support for power over Ethernet LAN technology 10 100 Base T Ethernet connections Integrated Ethernet Hub optional connection P...

Page 135: ...s text strings and web pages to be pushed from a PC application directly to the phone There are two priorities normal and barge in Barge in pushes go through to the user unless the phone is in Local Procedure mode or restoring a back up file while normal is more restrictive e g audio push would fail if the user were on a call If a user is not on a call audio pushes would take the speaker off hook ...

Page 136: ... uses the Avaya CCS proxy server as its call controller rather than connecting to CM An administrative web interface on the phone allows administrators to set up the SIP dial plan and administer features and other parameters Similarly a user web interface allows end users to personalize the date format ring type and display name and to access the call log and speed dial list Avaya 4620 IP Telephon...

Page 137: ...or the 4600 IP Telephone Series The 4606 4612 and 4624 IP Telephones are supported beginning with DEFINITY Enterprise Communications Servers ECS Release 8 4 and Release 9 The IP Telephone sets will NOT operate on any previous software releases but will operate with all later releases In addition to operating with all Communication Manager platforms the endpoints also operate with Avaya DEFINITY EC...

Page 138: ...ital cell telephone Simultaneous ringing keeps you and your associates in touch so you can respond quickly to urgent enterprise matters without delay Software only solution does not require the expense of a wireless office service It can utilize your existing cellular telephone and service coupled with Communication Manager A new feature OPTIM Cellular Voice Mail Avoidance is designed to reduce th...

Page 139: ...Issue 3 4 1 June 2005 139 Section 2 Deploying IP Telephony ...

Page 140: ...140 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 141: ...ling resources Media processing and TDM resources TN2312 IPSI circuit packs Processing occupancy IP Bandwidth and Call Admission Control Physical resource placement Final checks and adjustments Introduction The process of configuring engineering and deploying a Communication Manager system or a network of Communication Manager systems begins with specifying the quantity and the nature of the endpo...

Page 142: ...s of geography business sectors or any of a variety of other considerations For example a customer with facilities in both New York and Los Angeles might choose to use a single Communication Manager system with one Network Region in each of the two cities Another possibility is to assign two Network Regions to each city In that case each such geographical grouping of Network Regions is said to com...

Page 143: ...Region Connection Management IRCM matrix which provides enough information to specify which codecs to use when completing a call between Network Regions Conversely if the IRCM does not specify a codec set between two Network Regions calls cannot be completed between those regions over an IP connection For instance the manager of an office building can use a single Communication Manager system to s...

Page 144: ...he amount of traffic that each such trunk group is anticipated to carry A traffic engineer should either specify the number of trunks in each trunk group directly or allow the configuration algorithm to size the trunk groups to a specified Grade of Service GOS This GOS is usually P01 which is 1 blocking In some cases customers might choose to over engineer or under engineer certain trunk groups ba...

Page 145: ...C BHCC is not be confused with Busy Hour Calls Attempted BHCA which represents the total number of calls attempted during the busiest hour regardless of how many of those calls are actually successfully completed The general expression for the relationship between BHCC average call duration and usage is A commonly used default value for average call duration in a general business system is 200 sec...

Page 146: ...Table 20 Example 1 station usage by endpoint type shows the total station usage for each station category in the system Call usage rates In the previous section station usages and overall endpoint usages including both stations and trunks were discussed The overall endpoint usage is sometimes referred to as port usage rate PUR The term station usage rate SUR applies when referring only to the stat...

Page 147: ...een the various categories of endpoints within each site All such traffic flows can be represented in tabular form Communities of interest The various sites within a particular Communication Manager system comprise communities of interest COI in the sense that the endpoints in each particular site share some common trait or interest usually geographical proximity A COI matrix offers a convenient r...

Page 148: ...ntercom station usage 40 Erlangs 2 Avaya stations per call x 20 Erlangs of intercom call usage Inbound station usage 30 Erlangs 1 Avaya station per call x 30 Erlangs of inbound call usage Outbound station usage 30 Erlangs 1 Avaya station per call x 30 Erlangs of outbound call usage The 40 Erlangs that are associated with intercom calls plus the 30 Erlangs that are associated with inbound calls plu...

Page 149: ...r call x 10 Erlangs of intercom call usage Inbound station usage 20 Erlangs 1 Avaya station per call x 20 Erlangs of inbound call usage Outbound station usage 30 Erlangs 1 Avaya station per call x 30 Erlangs of outbound call usage The 20 Erlangs that are associated with intercom calls plus the 20 Erlangs that are associated with inbound calls plus the 30 Erlangs that are associated with outbound c...

Page 150: ...f inbound call usage and 75 Erlangs of outbound call usage rounding to the nearest Erlang in each case To verify this first consider the fact that all three components are equal each is 75 Erlangs satisfies the one third one third one third requirement Furthermore since 75 Erlangs of intercom call usage corresponds to 150 Erlangs of station usage 75 Erlangs of inbound call usage corresponds to 75 ...

Page 151: ...which implies that the off diagonal entries of the inbound and outbound COI matrices will all be zero To determine the values of the diagonal entries which correspond to intrasite trunk usage the Uniform Distribution model is applied In particular 65 that is 1755 2709 of the stations are in Atlanta 24 that is 648 2709 of the stations are in Boston and 11 that is 306 2709 of the stations are in Cle...

Page 152: ... a customer who is based in North America most likely leases T1 trunk facilities between each of its sites and the appropriate COs In this example it might be reasonable to use five T1 facilities that is 120 DS0 channels for Atlanta three T1 facilities that is 72 DS0 channels for Boston and two T1 facilities that is 48 DS0 channels for Cleveland This yields an overall GOS much better than P01 and ...

Page 153: ...n Atlanta is terminated in Atlanta 24 is terminated in Boston and 11 is terminated in Cleveland Applying those percentages to the 49 Erlangs of intercom traffic that is generated in Atlanta implies that 32 Erlangs of intercom call usage is generated in Atlanta for termination in Atlanta 12 Erlangs of intercom call usage is generated in Atlanta for termination in Boston and 5 Erlangs of intercom ca...

Page 154: ...ites with 100 stations in each site Suppose that the average usage per station in Site 1 is 0 1 Erlangs and that the average usage per station in Site 2 is 0 2 Erlangs In a Uniform Distribution model where the weights are based on station usage per endpoint a caller in Site 1 is twice as likely to call a station in Site 2 than a station in Site 1 because the total station usage in Site 2 is 20 Erl...

Page 155: ...paration for Resource sizing on page 162 it is useful to partition each such cell into collections of smaller cells that describe the call flows between different communities of endpoint types within the sites One possible partitioning scheme for each site is to create the following three general endpoint categories IP endpoints Circuit switched endpoints PSTN trunks Consider the COI matrix for a ...

Page 156: ...ies that are referenced in Table 25 Expanded COI matrix for a three site system on page 156 The COI matrix in Table 24 Intercom COI matrix for the Uniform Distribution model in Example 2 Uniform Distribution model on page 153 lists the intercom call usage rates between each pair of sites including intrasite call usage Those usage rates can be broken down into finer components Table 26 Endpoints in...

Page 157: ...P station call usage is 39 7 of the 32 Erlangs of overall Site 1 intercom CUR or 12 7 Erlangs Similarly both the Site 1 IP station to circuit switched station CUR and the Site 1 circuit switched station to IP station CUR are equal to 23 3 of 32 Erlangs or 7 5 Erlangs Finally the Site 1 circuit switched station to circuit switched station CUR is 13 7 of 32 Erlangs or 4 4 Erlangs A similar process i...

Page 158: ...all Site 1 to Site 2 intercom CUR or 5 2 Erlangs Similarly the Site 1 IP station to Site 2 circuit switched station CUR is equal to 19 5 of 12 Erlangs or 2 3 Erlangs and the Site 1 circuit switched station to Site 2 IP station CUR is equal to 25 5 of 12 Erlangs or 3 1 Erlangs Finally the Site 1 circuit switched station to Site 2 circuit switched station CUR is 11 5 of 12 Erlangs or 1 4 Erlangs The...

Page 159: ...ircuit switched Therefore the Uniform Distribution model implies that 63 of the 49 Erlangs that is 30 9 Erlangs is inbound to Site 1 IP stations and 37 of the 49 Erlangs that is 18 1 Erlangs is inbound to Site 1 circuit switched stations Similarly the Uniform Distribution model and Table 23 Outbound COI matrix for Uniform Distribution Model in Example 2 Uniform Distribution model on page 152 toget...

Page 160: ...7 5 4 4 0 3 1 1 4 0 1 6 0 22 0 P 30 9 18 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 I 5 2 3 1 0 1 9 0 85 0 1 2 0 16 0 C 2 3 1 4 0 0 85 0 37 0 0 54 0 07 0 P 0 0 0 12 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 3 I 2 8 1 6 0 1 2 0 54 0 0 78 0 10 0 C 0 37 0 22 0 0 16 0 07 0 0 10 0 01 0 P 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 0 94 0 Inbound CUR to stations of type t in Site j over PSTN trunks in Site i fj t inbound CUR from trunks in Site i to stations in Site j Outbound CUR f...

Page 161: ...lso possible to network several Communication Manager systems together IP tie trunks serve as the most common mode of interconnectivity However circuit switched tie trunks are also supported To engineer a network of multiple Communication Manager systems one must to know the topology of sites within each of the individual systems and the overall topology of the entire configuration Consider the ne...

Page 162: ...load that is associated with such calls is used to size that trunk group Tie trunk groups are typically sized at either P01 1 blocking or P03 3 blocking In a system such as the one in Figure 55 Network of Avaya systems and system sites on page 161 the traffic engineer must account for overflow traffic The traditional Wilkinson model is an effective tool for doing so However for systems that have l...

Page 163: ...rocessing resources on TN2302 Media Processing circuit packs on a PN a G650 Media Gateway provide the gateway for an audio channel between an IP endpoint and a circuit switched TDM bus On a G350 or G700 Media Gateway the media processing resources reside on an on board VoIP module A G700 Media Gateway can accommodate an optional extra VoIP module as well The media stream for a call between a circu...

Page 164: ... media processing and TDM resources Calls between IP endpoints are addressed first Communication Manager supports three general modes of connectivity between IP endpoints IP TDM IP connectivity hairpinning and shuffling Hairpinning can take one of two forms deep or shallow These various modes of connectivity are described in more detail below IP TDM IP connectivity A call that uses IP TDM IP conne...

Page 165: ...the Media Processing circuit pack or VoIP Media Module are required for the duration of the call A Media Processing circuit pack and a VoIP Media Module each house an onboard Central Processing Unit CPU and Digital Signal Processors DSPs Shuffling A shuffled call relinquishes all TDM and media processing resources after call setup Therefore the media stream of a shuffled call traverses only an IP ...

Page 166: ...ateway to which the circuit switched endpoint is administered See Figure 56 Examples of media streams between Avaya endpoints on page 164 for an example The TDM and media processing resources that are required for each intrasite call between two circuit switched endpoints depends upon whether the call is intraport network or interport network Specifically each intraport network call requires one T...

Page 167: ...hen an IP endpoint is involved in an intersite call it induces no TDM or media processing usage in its own site beyond the resources that are initially required for the call set up process regardless of the nature of the far end party On the other hand when a circuit switched endpoint including PSTN trunks is involved in an intersite call one TDM resource and one media processing resource are requ...

Page 168: ...ire one TDM resource and one media processing resource in Site 2 The overall TDM usage and media processing usage for each site can be calculated from an expanded COI matrix along with the information from Figure 58 Intra site TDM and Media Processing resource requirements on page 167 and Figure 59 Inter site TDM and Media Processing resource requirements on page 168 To illustrate Example 4 Expand...

Page 169: ...e three cell values of those nine cells that correspond to IP endpoints in Site 1 Specifically the total is 5 2 2 3 0 7 5 Erlangs The total call usage from Site 1 to Site 2 which involves a circuit switched endpoint including PSTN trunks in Site 1 can be determined by adding the remaining six cell values of those nine Specifically that total is 3 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 4 5 Erlangs The total call usage from...

Page 170: ... The results of this exercise are shown in Table 30 TDM and Media Processing usages Erlangs for Example 5 TDM and media processing usage Calls from Site 2 to Site 1 I 7 5 E 8 3 E 0 C or P 4 5 E 3 7 E 0 Calls from Site 1 to Site 3 I 3 2 E 0 4 4 E C or P 1 8 E 0 0 59 E Calls from Site 3 to Site 1 I 3 2 E 0 4 4 E C or P 1 8 E 0 0 59 E Calls from Site 2 to Site 3 I 0 1 4 E 1 7 E C or P 0 0 61 E 0 23 E...

Page 171: ...1 8 TDM 0 Media 0 TDM 0 59 Media 0 59 Calls from Site 3 to Site 1 I TDM 0 Media 0 TDM 0 Media 0 TDM 0 Media 0 C or P TDM 1 8 Media 1 8 TDM 0 Media 0 TDM 0 59 Media 0 59 Calls from Site 2 to Site 3 I TDM 0 Media 0 TDM 0 Media 0 TDM 0 Media 0 C or P TDM 0 Media 0 TDM 0 61 Media 0 61 TDM 0 23 Media 0 23 Calls from Site 3 to Site 2 I TDM 0 Media 0 TDM 0 Media 0 TDM 0 Media 0 C or P TDM 0 Media 0 TDM 0...

Page 172: ...well as both encrypted and unencrypted calls all simultaneously Therefore the general model for sizing the media processing resources is very complex The model is a batch arrival and service model and the details are beyond the scope of this document In practice a fairly common strategy is to use an uncompressed codec for intrasite calls and a compressed codec for intersite calls This is due to th...

Page 173: ...y sufficient The required number of port networks MGs and media Table 31 Number of TN2302 Media Processors or G700 Media Gateway VoIP Modules required for a given carried load Carried load Erlangs Required number of TN2302 circuit packs Carried load Erlangs Required number of TN2302 circuit packs 43 1 634 11 98 2 695 12 155 3 756 13 213 4 817 14 272 5 879 15 332 6 940 16 392 7 1 001 17 452 8 1 063...

Page 174: ...ts and ISDN D channels This is a system wide constraint as opposed to a site by site constraint For an IP Connect system each PN must house exactly one IPSI circuit pack neglecting duplicated IPSI circuit packs for enhanced reliability Therefore if the C LAN sockets and the ISDN D channels indicate a need for more IPSI circuit packs than the required number of PNs to support the TDM usage more PNs...

Page 175: ...ed on an as needed basis such as for periodic maintenance functions However if the overall server occupancy exceeds a particular threshold SM operations are postponed until a quieter traffic period Usually the relationship between the sum of static and CP occupancy as a function of BHCC is linear with a positive y intercept as illustrated in Figure 60 Relationship Between Processing Occupancy and ...

Page 176: ...ted combined static and CP occupancy If that value exceeds the preset threshold the configuration is unacceptable for the anticipated call rate In such a case to support that call rate either another platform must be considered or multiple platforms must be networked together IP Bandwidth and Call Admission Control IP bandwidth analysis for media streams begins with determining the number of bidir...

Page 177: ...summarized in Figure 61 Required number of bidirectional IP media streams for intra site calls and Figure 62 Required number of bidirectional IP media streams for inter site calls on page 178 Figure 61 Required number of bidirectional IP media streams for intra site calls ...

Page 178: ...6 IP bandwidth considerations The information in Figure 61 Required number of bidirectional IP media streams for intra site calls on page 177 and Figure 62 Required number of bidirectional IP media streams for inter site calls on page 178 along with the information in Table 29 Recategorization of CURs from Table 28 Completed COI matrix for Example 4 Expanded COI matrices on page 160 on page 169 pr...

Page 179: ... to site 3 5 0 0 5 0 Calls from site 3 to site 1 5 0 0 5 0 Calls from site 2 to site 3 0 2 0 2 0 Calls from site 3 to site 2 0 2 0 2 0 Totals 123 5 56 6 29 2 Table 35 IP WAN bandwidth usages Erlangs for Example 6 IP bandwidth considerations Endpoints WAN bandwidth Erlangs between Sites 1 and 2 WAN bandwidth Erlangs between Sites 1 and 3 WAN bandwidth Erlangs between Sites 2 and 3 Calls from site 1...

Page 180: ... 464 bits regardless of the nature of the payload For this example Layer 2 Ethernet overhead is included in that total At every router boundary because Ethernet overhead is included in this example our calculations are for bandwidth on a LAN Because WAN protocol for example PPP Layer 2 headers are generally smaller than Ethernet headers WAN bandwidth is slightly less than LAN bandwidth The size of...

Page 181: ... 464 bits per packet So the bandwidth expressed in kbps that is associated with a unidirectional media stream assuming no Silence Suppression is used is augmented from 64 kbps and 8 kbps for G 711 and G 729 respectively to account for this overhead The results of this exercise are provided in Table 37 Bandwidth requirements for media streams Note that the entries in Table 37 correspond with a sing...

Page 182: ... at least 124 simultaneous media streams in use In this example suppose that the goal is to supply enough bandwidth to adequately support the media streams at least 99 9 of the time The standard infinite server queueing model implies that less than 0 1 of the time there are at least 159 simultaneous media streams in the Site 1 LAN So it is sufficient to engineer the LAN bandwidth to support 158 si...

Page 183: ... private LAN as opposed to a public WAN Assume for the sake of this example a standard IP packet size of 20 ms For the G 729 codec Table 39 IP WAN bandwidth requirements for media streams on page 183 indicates that each unidirectional media stream consumes 12 4 kbps of IP WAN bandwidth Similar to the case in Example 7 LAN bandwidth 24 is the average number of simultaneous bidirectional media strea...

Page 184: ...ite the fact that it is negligible in comparison to bearer bandwidth Signaling traffic is more prone to bursts than bearer traffic because the former consists of messages that are associated with call set ups and tear downs as opposed to traffic that is uniformly distributed throughout entire call durations However the bursty effect is somewhat assuaged for larger call volumes Although the precise...

Page 185: ...the following criteria All endpoints and media gateways have been assigned to various Network Regions sites and or Communication Manager systems according to customer specifications The placement of resources adheres to the physical capacities of the proposed platform The number of PNs and or Media Gateways is sufficient to handle the TDM traffic the required number of IPSI circuit packs and the r...

Page 186: ...Traffic engineering 186 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 187: ... prevalent on those networks nor provided a gateway into such networks from which an attack might be launched With the convergence of voice IP Telephony and data over corporate enterprise networks this is no longer true The main topics included in this chapter are Your security policy Avaya Communication Manager and Media Servers IP Telephony circuit pack security Toll fraud Your security policy S...

Page 188: ...d the more cost To avoid the necessary inconvenience some users are likely to subvert the security policy For example if you make passwords so complex so that the passwords are difficult to remember people will write the passwords down Users prefer easy access without security Having to log on is inconvenient However everyone must endure some level of inconvenience if the system is going to be sec...

Page 189: ...rk configurations demand So why not enhance Oryx Pecos Aside from the economic reasons there is a security paradox to make an operating system secure reveal its inner most secrets When the operating system software is publicly available and implemented in varying environments for a wide range of applications there are many more eyes looking for security holes The expertise of the entire technical ...

Page 190: ...ndows rcp rlogin and rexec The system administrator has additional control of which services are visible from the multiple Ethernet interfaces that are connected to the enterprise LAN Other Ethernet interfaces are permanently configured to restrict services One time passwords Standard login accounts use static passwords that can be used multiple times to log in to a system Anyone who can monitor t...

Page 191: ...incoming call only the line is enabled to answer a single call As soon as a call arrives the line is disabled and must be re enabled through administration before another call will be accepted This feature does not inhibit outgoing alarm calls which are needed for maintenance Normally the line is disabled for all calls When a maintenance activity is needed the maintenance technician must contact t...

Page 192: ...n Avaya S8700 and S8300 servers is through a secure connection Unencrypted Web access is not supported The Avaya servers also support one time passwords for logins through these mechanisms even though the exchange is already encrypted FTP service that is disabled by default Each time a file is to be transferred to the Avaya server an administrator must log in and enable the FTP server The file is ...

Page 193: ...a Server with Avaya MCC1 or SCC1 Media Gateway has five Ethernet interfaces NICs each dedicated to these specific functions The two control LANs are only used to connect between the servers and the port networks PNs These two LANs must be private LANs and carry no other traffic The duplication interface is a point to point LAN that is only used to send information between the two servers The lapto...

Page 194: ...ive traffic one for call signaling another for voice bearer traffic and so on Layer 3 boundary devices routers layer 3 switches and firewalls should be administered to enforce the corporate security policy on traffic that is destined for the Avaya S8700 Media Server its Avaya MCC1 or SCC1 Media Gateways or adjuncts Packet filters can permit administrative access only from an administrator s PC and...

Page 195: ...ic LAN interfaces on its PNs For example even if you connected an administration terminal to one of the other LANs you cannot get administration access S8700 with Avaya G650 Media Gateways The S8700 Media Server with a G650 Media Gateway also have five interfaces each Figure 65 Isolated LANs Avaya S8700 Media Server with a G650 Media Gateway on page 196 The enterprise LAN and control LANs are conn...

Page 196: ...ucts they have some degree of natural immunity In addition viruses and worms are most commonly delivered by e mail by visiting infected Web sites or by sharing disk drives The S8300 S8500 and S8700 Media Servers do not Support incoming email and therefore do not forward e mail Contain the Internet Explorer Web browser Share drives All file transfers to the S8300 S8500 and S8700 Media Servers are r...

Page 197: ...vers be located behind a firewall Where this firewall is located with respect to other LAN components must be designed on a case by case basis Avaya Professional Services can assist owners in configuring their networks for both security and optimal IP Telephony operation Other vendors also specialize in this type of consulting Owners are advised to seek assistance if internal staff is not trained ...

Page 198: ...ol link Telnet A telnet service is currently required on the IPSI for manual administration of the IPSI IP address default gateway address VLAN ID QoS and Ethernet settings Telnet access to the IPSI circuit pack is through Standard TCP port 23 but only for connections that are physically made through its secondary services Ethernet port When established these Telnet accesses are directed to a comm...

Page 199: ...700 server Control link In order to communicate with the S8700 server the IPSI establishes a control link This link is encrypted through Triple DES 3DES by default although AES is also available The control link is not open for communication to or from any other entity than the S8700 server TN2302 Media Processor MedPro The TN2302 circuit pack is the interface to the audio gateway portion of IP Te...

Page 200: ...tenance processes of Communication Manager Successfully survives DoS attacks created by the SynFlood tools Maintains the IP endpoint RAS authentication sequence a safeguard against exploiting toll services through IP endpoints For more information on the security of Avaya circuit packs see http support avaya com elmodocs2 multivantage 95933 pdf Toll fraud This section contains information about Av...

Page 201: ... at any time Each new release of Communication Manager addresses customer needs for even greater security capabilities including enhancements to support the recent changes in the North American Numbering Plan Hacking methods Hackers often facilitate toll fraud activity by gaining access to A system s administration or maintenance port by randomly dialing thousands of telephone numbers and then att...

Page 202: ...cation As part of Avaya s ongoing efforts to combat communications fraud and its threat to our business customers Avaya has introduced an enhancement to its Service Agreement Beginning January 1 1996 Avaya indemnifies its customers for charges associated with fraud This indemnification is available to all customers who are covered by warranty and or maintain an Avaya Service Agreement for Avaya Co...

Page 203: ...rt engineers who specialize in security 1 Remotely access your system 2 Analyze the potential risks in the system 3 Optionally implement agreed upon changes to secure the system Toll Fraud Intervention Hotline If you suspect you are being victimized by toll fraud or theft of services and need technical support or assistance call the Avaya Toll Fraud Intervention group toll free at 1 800 643 2353 2...

Page 204: ...Security 204 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 205: ... networks packet delay latency is the length of time it takes a packet to traverse the network Each element of the network including switches routers WAN circuits firewalls and jitter buffers adds to packet delay Delay can have a noticeable effect but can be controlled somewhat in a private environment LAN WAN The company or enterprise can manage the network infrastructure to minimize delay or can...

Page 206: ...h better than cell phone quality and in fact is very well suited for the majority of businesses Delays exceeding 180 ms may still be quite acceptable depending on customer expectations analog trunks used codec type etc Again there is a trade off between voice quality and the technical and monetary constraints which businesses confront daily Codec delay Some delay will also be added by various code...

Page 207: ...0 and G700 Media Gateways and G650 Medial Gateways with the TN2302 circuit pack Avaya IP SoftPhone software Avaya 4600 Series IP Telephones Packet loss Packet loss occurs when packets are sent but not received or are received too late to be processed at the final destination due to some network problem Packets discarded by the jitter buffer of the receiving endpoint can also be considered lost fro...

Page 208: ... VMM the Agilent HP Internet Advisor Finisar s Surveyor Explorer Radcom s Prism NAI s Sniffer and others measure packet loss Remember that too much delay or packet mis order can be perceived as lost packets It may appear that the network is losing packets when in fact they have been discarded intentionally because of late arrival at the endpoint IP networks are characterized by unintentional packe...

Page 209: ...in 30 ms is ignored But if the level of the received echo signal is extremely high even a couple of milliseconds will cause echo perception Echo received after 30 ms may be perceived as an annoyance Usually only the speaker hears an echo but the receiver does not Because of the end to end latency in some IP Telephony implementations exceeds the latency in some circuit switched systems the percepti...

Page 210: ...t receive and inter port line trunk losses are country dependent The end to end country specified losses often also differs somewhat from the 10dB loss value for historical reasons The country dependency of loss values makes it more challenging to guarantee a proper received voice signal when the PSTN is involved or when country borders are traversed IP Telephony gateways should provide proper sig...

Page 211: ...out consultation with Avaya Services personnel It is better to reduce the echo by strategic deployment of echo cancelers Tone Levels The level of call progress and DTMF tones played out through telephones must also adhere to specified levels in order to be satisfying for the average user Again respective standards are country specific and can be set under administrative control The volume of recei...

Page 212: ...there are 64 DSP resources Thus the number of calls supported by one MedPro or G700 is 64 G 711 calls 32 compressed calls for example G 729 Some number in between for a call mix The formula for calculating the number of calls one MedPro supports is Generally G 711 is used within LANs because bandwidth is abundant and inexpensive whereas G 729 is used across WAN links because of the bandwidth savin...

Page 213: ...ect to clipping silence suppression is generally not used with the exception of G 729B The following Avaya products employ silence suppression to preserve bandwidth Avaya Communication Manager software for control Avaya 4600 series IP Telephone Avaya IP SoftPhone Avaya Media Gateways For procedures to administer QoS parameters refer to Administration for Network Connectivity 555 233 504 Transcodin...

Page 214: ...Voice quality network requirements 214 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 215: ...uct category Link to product Avaya Integrated Management products System management applications Avaya MultiSite Administration Avaya Integrated Management Database Avaya Fault and Performance Manager Avaya Proxy Agent Avaya Site Administration Avaya Voice Announcement Manager Monitoring management applications Avaya VoIP Monitoring Manager Avaya Network management applications and device managers...

Page 216: ...nd device managers System management applications Avaya s system management products include Avaya MultiSite Administration Avaya Integrated Management Database Avaya Fault and Performance Manager Avaya Proxy Agent Avaya Site Administration Avaya Voice Announcement Manager Avaya MultiSite Administration Avaya MultiSite Administration enables multiple administrators to access a network of multiple ...

Page 217: ...Avaya Fault and Performance Manager is the next generation product for fault and performance management Avaya Fault and Performance Manager Runs on a Linux server and provides Web based access from a universal client Integrates with your HP OpenView running on either a Windows 2000 2003 server or Solaris 9 server to show the hierarchical view of devices and their status HP OpenView is not included...

Page 218: ...ace and Import and Export features to manage subscriber data Avaya Voice Announcement Manager Avaya Voice Announcement Manager simplifies announcement administration by providing a mechanism to transfer recorded announcements over the LAN The announcements can be transferred to both the voice announcement over LAN capability co resident on the Avaya G350 G700 Media Gateway and to the TN2501AP circ...

Page 219: ...ent is the practice of using specialized software tools to monitor and maintain network components Proper network management is a key component to the high availability of data networks Avaya s network management products include Avaya Network Management Console and System View Avaya Address Manager Avaya Network Configuration Manager Avaya QoS Manager Avaya Secure Access Administration Avaya SMON...

Page 220: ... download actions in parallel Avaya QoS Manager The Avaya QoS Manager is the main tool for administration of access policy and QoS in Avaya voice and wireless gateways and Avaya edge core switches providing a complete coverage of an Avaya based network QoS Manager provides QoS and Access Control List ACL management for all Avaya rules based QoS devices Avaya Secure Access Administration Avaya Secu...

Page 221: ... providing a list of Avaya devices residing in the network Avaya VLAN Manager Avaya VLAN Manager is a graphical application for VLAN management that allows for configuration and monitoring of VLAN usage VLAN Manager also allows for maintaining and assigning VLAN numbering and naming across all campus VLANs as well as allowing the network manager to track additions and changes to the network VLAN M...

Page 222: ...a Device Managers are applications that simplify the configuration fault diagnosis and management of specific Avaya data products Device managers provide an in depth look at network behavior delivering the tools required for end to end device management The device managers provide a real time graphical view of each device using color coding to indicate individual port and LAG status Device Manager...

Page 223: ... Perl and C and works under UNIX and Windows NT The Multi Router Traffic Grapher Uses SNMP to read the traffic counters of your routers logs the traffic data and creates graphs that represent the traffic on the monitored network connection These graphs are embedded into Web pages MRTG even allows you to accumulate two or more data sources into a single graph Creates visual representations of the t...

Page 224: ...k configurations Includes out of the box correlators for enhanced root cause analysis and the new Correlation Composer to easily tailor the out of the box correlators that are shipped with Network Node Manager to fit your particular needs The NNM serves as a SNMP manager trap collector and connectivity tester It also acts as a framework for the attachment of other programs such as Avaya MultiServi...

Page 225: ...the tools are included with the purchase of networking equipment and many are open source Also many of these tools are more specialized on a specific platform or task than centralized management tools Most Avaya Integrated management products including Avaya VoIP Monitoring Manager fall into this category There are numerous disadvantages to this model First this model requires more support personn...

Page 226: ... and event data to the centralized manager generally through SNMP The management station also has the ability to periodically poll the client for specific information This can be used to graph performance for example Polling can also be used for inventory management There are many advantages to this model Because a centralized location is used fewer administrators are required to manage a network ...

Page 227: ...an outage with the management server In addition the distributed model is useful for times when the central management tool is unavailable This resulting hybrid management model that combines elements of centralized management with distributed management tools is most appropriate for large enterprises or enterprises with complex networks It is also appropriate for smaller enterprises that can just...

Page 228: ...Avaya Integrated Management 228 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 229: ...y and overall maintenance strategy are also described The reliability tables specify the reliability performance of Avaya Application Solutions building blocks This chapter contains information on these topics Reliability Reliability and availability S8700 Server Complex Avaya S8700 Media Server S8700 MCC1 and S8700 SCC1 Multi Connect hardware availability S8700 G650 IP Connect hardware availabili...

Page 230: ...n and correction system recovery and alarm escalation paths Its maintenance subsystem manages hardware operation software processes and data relationships Employing the TCP IP packet based transport architecture allows additional reliability advantages One example is the load sharing and fail over ability of the principal IP resources found in the media gateways The TCP IP architecture also allows...

Page 231: ...roperly and runs verification tests on Table 43 Expected range of typical availability Availability Downtime per year Reliability level Who might need this 99 95 4 hours Standard Generally accepted as the minimum standard of acceptable downtime for business 99 99 53 minutes High Businesses or organizations that highly depend on their communication system 99 999 5 minutes or less Critical Hospitals...

Page 232: ...rtnerships through every stage of the assembly process The highest quality is pushed to the earliest step of the process possible based on Deming s zero defects and zero errors this actually reduces overall costs substantially 1 Commonality that is leveraged at all levels Piece parts Many of the workhorses of the product are in their fifth to seventh generation of silicon integration This keeps us...

Page 233: ...em elements Component Mean time to failure Component Mean time to failure Logic boards2 2 Taken from Microsoft High Available Operations Guide 3 20 years Media processor circuit pack3 3 Based on numerous internal Avaya studies of millions of user hours 50 years Disks2 1 50 years Protocol preprocessor circuit pack C LAN 50 years ISP server class power supply4 4 Based on an internal survey of reputa...

Page 234: ...anity due to unexpected conditions is detected and the offending software is forced to go through escalating levels of recovery until finally the entire system can switch over to a standby processor Disks are partitioned to keep most of the variable information away from the invariant and to allow for automatic recovery if newly loaded software fails All event logs are proactively scanned for pote...

Page 235: ...ure Scheduled backups of critical system information locally and or at remote sites In an emergency multiple copies of Communication Manager translations and server configuration information are available Saved information can be quickly restored Ability to recover from software failures through server interchanges If the active server needs to perform a non call preserving restart the standby ser...

Page 236: ...es on site See also Reliability and availability Failures year MTBO years Availability 2 Failures year MTBO years Availability 2 S8700 Server complex3 3 For high and critical reliability the S8700 server complex has duplicated servers dedicated Ethernet switches and UPSs The duplex reliability configuration consists of duplicated servers and a UPS for each with a single dedicated Ethernet switch 0...

Page 237: ...sists of duplicated servers and UPS dedicated duplicated Ethernet switches supporting the link between the Servers and IPSI s of the G650 Media Gateways The Standard reliability configuration consists of duplicated servers and UPS the link supporting the signaling traffic between the IPSI of the Media Gateway and the Servers are supported by single Ethernet Switch 0 11 9 1 99 995 99 998 0 01 91 3 ...

Page 238: ...Reliability and Recovery 238 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide Configuration drawings Figure 68 S8700 Media Server in a standard reliability configuration ...

Page 239: ...Reliability Issue 3 4 1 June 2005 239 Figure 69 S8700 Media Server in a high reliability configuration ...

Page 240: ...chitecture RAM DISK which supports survivability from disk crashes this allows the server to provide call processing for up to 72 hours without administration capabilities Co resident Remote Maintenance Board which provides the following functionality regardless of the state of the server Ability to report alarms to Avaya Services over the modem dial out Ability to report alarms over the LAN Ambie...

Page 241: ... circuit pack located in a MCC1 SCC1 CMC1 or G650 Media Gateway The S8500 has the capacity to support up to 64 port networks Up to 3 MCC1 port networks can be directly connected Even though the server capacity supports up to 64 port networks the first release supports up to 400 stations 80 IP The S8500 Media Server allows for a seamless migration from DEFINITY SI CSI R and S8100 platforms However ...

Page 242: ... levels of duplication for processing and Port Network PN connectivity for bearer and signaling to add heightened layers of availability the S8300 is designed to use a Local Spare Processor LSP LSP architecture provides added availability and survivability to a network of small to medium sized offices Table 50 S8300 hardware availability in two reliability configurations on page 243 shows the S830...

Page 243: ...es and can be configured to re home to any Communication Manager run system For example in a configuration with 8700 at a main site and S8300 ICC or G700 at remote site the telephones at the remote site could re home to main S8700 through separate Ethernet switches This configuration could be said to provide 99 99 availability as well G700 G350 Can failover to LSP upon a link failure N 1 Media Gat...

Page 244: ...stem Standard reliability single processor complex High reliability duplicated processor complex Critical reliability duplicated processor complex Failures year MTBO years Availability 2 2 The lower number is the equivalent availability for MTTR of 2 hours which is attainable with technicians and spares on site See also Reliability and availability Failures year MTBO years Availability 2 Failures ...

Page 245: ...tent failures and to continue providing service with a minimum of disruption Firmware that runs each circuit pack does similar tasks at the module level working tightly with the system software Figure 72 Maintenance management architecture on page 246 shows the various levels of maintenance strategies that are built into the communication system Table 52 Avaya DEFINITY Server SI and CSI hardware a...

Page 246: ...nce in the cases where the system cannot repair itself Studies have shown that most problems experienced by Avaya systems are self corrected without impact to the customer Even with the highly reliable hardware components discussed previously this sophisticated maintenance management implementation is required to attain the 99 99 99 999 availability of Avaya systems Software failure recovery level...

Page 247: ... key software processes In the event of a process hang that single process will be restarted and no call outage will result If three single process restarts are needed within a 60 second probationary period the third single process restart is deemed ineffective and will instead escalate to a system warm restart System warm restarts This mechanism preserves all stable and held calls as well as feat...

Page 248: ...s In this recovery mechanism all calls are dropped all processes are killed and the operating system is completely rebooted Processes are then read off disk and loaded into memory where recovery then proceeds exactly as it does in Communication Manager reloads If the reboot fails after a recent software upgrade another reboot is attempted but from a disk partition containing the previous version o...

Page 249: ...ailability System SW loads Avaya CM 1 1 through Avaya CM 1 361 1 Based on 2 737 system days of software reliability data collected from 14 different early introduction and in house systems SW loads beyond Avaya CM 1 2 and Avaya CM 1 372 2 Based on 1 337 system days of software reliability data collected from 6 different early introduction and in house systems S8700 Server Complex 90 Confidence 4 5...

Page 250: ...Server configurations the connectivity path between the endpoint and the server is Endpoint IP network C LAN PN backplane IPSI IP network S8700 In this configuration IP endpoints register to C LAN on the PN The DEFINITY platforms G3r G3si and G3csi which support Avaya Application Solutions features also use C LAN for signaling connecting to IP endpoints A C LAN provides two basic reliability funct...

Page 251: ...r is Endpoint IP network S8300 To discover connectivity failure keepalive messages are exchanged between the IP end point and the server When the endpoint discovers that it no longer has communication with its primary gatekeeper it looks at the next address on its list If the next address is for an LSP the LSP accepts the registration and begins call processing While the LSP is not call preserving...

Page 252: ... by which the media gateways change control from the primary to the LSP gatekeeper is driven by the gateway using the alternate gatekeeper list S8700 G700 G350 configuration Note Note The following description applies to the S8500 as well as the S8700 In this configuration the connectivity path between the remote Media Gateway and the S8700 Call Controller is as follows G700 G350 IP network C LAN ...

Page 253: ...dresses in the alternate gatekeeper list In the S8300 G700 G350 configuration up to 10 LSPs can back up the media gateways that are controlled by the S8300 Server Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Solution S8700 Server Separation S8700 server separation allows the two servers in an S8700 Media Server pair to be geographically separated up to a maximum distance of 10 kilometers over a fiber...

Page 254: ...single command on the LSP Upon issuing the command the IP telephones and media gateways will be forced to switch back to their original gatekeepers The process of switching back can take under 3 minutes Using Avaya Site Administration this task could even be automated and run at times when user impact would be minimized With the SNMP tools that Avaya provides appropriate personnel could be alerted...

Page 255: ...e enterprise s IP Telephony system such as the supporting hardware software and the underlying data network infrastructure must be analyzed Then the full system availability is calculated based on the estimated traffic generated at each site and by each subsystem In addition to the aforementioned parameters there are other major contributors to failure of a telephony system These include outages d...

Page 256: ...days in a year There are 365 25 24 60 525960 minutes in a year For projecting a enterprise s total system availability the sum of annual downtime contributed from all subsystems is calculated and then the system availability is estimated by using this sum Note that this formula will result in a crude approximation of availability as it does not account for the groups of subsystems whose downtimes ...

Page 257: ...essing system availability Only unplanned downtime will count against availability of the system switch For example if software upgrades require service interruption the downtime associated with firmware and software upgrades is considered to be planned and by definition will not count against the availability of the system Outages of the enterprise s IP data network and failure of non Avaya produ...

Page 258: ...ate transition diagram is presented in Figure 74 Figure 74 Markov State Transition Diagram for Duplicated Server In Figure 74 State 2 represents both servers operating while State 1 represents one server operating and State 0 represents no operating servers The parameter λ represents the average failure rate expressed in failures per hour of individual server and it is the reciprocal of MTBF λ 1 M...

Page 259: ...ice that generates approximately 10 of the total enterprise traffic Upon failure of the Avaya Media Gateway serving the branch office site the contributed downtime of that gateway being off line to total system downtime is estimated to be The prorating factor of 10 comes from assuming full service interruption of 10 of the full system generated traffic or in the case of the Uniform Distribution Mo...

Page 260: ...ected is performed using timestamps from various outage related software events Outages such as server switch reloads and restarts which interrupt service to all users are logged along with the corresponding recovery times Port network and media gateway reset logs along with the time it takes to resume service are collected and prorated according to the fraction of impacted users The outcome of th...

Page 261: ...il over strategy to enhance the availability of the WAN potentially raising it up to 99 9 to 99 999 7 For detailed information on network design processes and methodologies for engineering highly reliable data networks please see Section 3 Other references for properly implementing Avaya IP Telephony solutions include http www1 avaya com services whitepapers planningdesign html http www1 avaya com...

Page 262: ...tem availability the percentage of traffic generated at each site serves as the prorating factor for the downtime expected as a result of a failure at that site The percentage of traffic generated at each site is calculated from the Communities of Interest COI Matrix presented in Traffic engineering Case Study 1 The Standard reliability configuration The call processing link from the S8700 media s...

Page 263: ...ge of 99 to 99 5 although some service providers do offer SLAs guaranteeing 99 9 availability per WAN circuit Call control signaling traffic traverses the WAN link to give service to the phones in Boston and Cleveland As a result the availability of these two sites is no greater than the WAN link Boston Site 2 Branch Office End Users 648 IPSIs 1 MedPros 2 C LANs 2 Site 1 Headquarters End Users 1 7...

Page 264: ... LAN connection WAN link between Boston and Atlanta Boston LAN connection and the Media Gateway in Boston Table 57 Example Site Availability Calculation shows the resulting calculation Table 56 Case Study I Standard Configuration Availability and Impact of WAN Outages on Each Site Avaya Product Enterprise s Solutions including LAN and WAN Link Availability Site Availability Annual Downtime Minutes...

Page 265: ...n Atlanta This is done by distributing the call control link to the port networks the G650 media gateways over two IP links supported by two IPSI circuit packs and increasing the number of C LAN circuit packs by one Such distribution of resources allows for IP phone service availability in the event of a link or device failure Table 58 Weighted System Availability in Cleveland Full Solution Availa...

Page 266: ...cks as they now must support the inter port network traffic generated by the circuit switched endpoints As a result the traffic engineering calculator should be applied to this configuration to determine the required number of Media Processors Figure 76 Case Study II Three Sites Configuration LSP S8300 Site 1 Headquarters End Users 1755 IPSIs 2 C LANs 6 Atlanta Boston Cleveland Site 2 Branch Offic...

Page 267: ... 99 53 99 99 53 Table 60 Weighted System Availability with LSP and N 1 IP resources Full Solution Availability Projected Weighted Downtime minutes of traffic generated in Atlanta Annual downtime minutes in Atlanta 43 3 14 2 53 30 5 of traffic generated in Boston Annual downtime minutes in Boston 16 2 5260 940 of traffic between Atlanta and Boston Annual downtime minutes due to failure in Atlanta W...

Page 268: ... by implementing the following redundancy in the configuration N 1 IP resources in each site This applies to the number of C LAN circuit packs and media processor circuit packs in Atlanta and Boston In Cleveland each G700 media gateway contains a resident VoIP resource and each media gateway has the capacity of housing an extra VoIP Media Module Redundant WAN links are present and properly configu...

Page 269: ...te 1 Headquarters End Users 1755 IPSIs 2 MedPros 4 C LANs 6 PSTN PSTN Atlanta Boston Cleveland Site 2 Branch Office End Users 648 IPSIs 1 MedPros 3 C LANs 3 Site 3 Branch Office End Users 306 2 G700 Media Gateways LSP Additional VoIP MM installed S8700 Customer LAN G650 G650 G650 cydfcas3 pdf KLC 121103 WAN Edge Routers PSTN ...

Page 270: ... 99 995 here the average 99 97 is used in the calculations Site Availability Annual Downtime Minutes Availability Per Site Annual Downtime Minutes Atlanta 99 995 26 3 99 995 26 3 Boston 99 99 53 99 99 53 Cleveland 99 99 53 99 99 53 Table 62 Inter Site Traffic Availability improved with Redundant WAN Connections Full Solution Availability Projected Weighted Downtime minutes of traffic generated in ...

Page 271: ...able G650 with redundant IPSIs in Atlanta and Boston Offices LSP as the alternate gatekeeper and call controller in Cleveland A fully redundant data network In order to fully take advantage of the duplicated link connection between the media servers and media gateways the WAN path when calculated using redundant circuits should be 99 995 to 99 999 available It is expected that every link has suffi...

Page 272: ...ity Site Availability Annual Downtime Minutes Availability Per Site Annual Downtime Minutes Atlanta 99 999 5 3 99 999 5 3 Boston 99 997 15 8 99 995 26 Cleveland 99 99 53 99 989 59 WAN Site 1 Head Quarter End Users 1755 IPSIs 2 active 2 standby MedPros 4 C LANs 6 Atlanta Boston Cleveland Site 2 Branch Office End Users 648 IPSIs 2 active standby MedPros 3 C LANs 3 Site 3 Branch Office End Users 306 ...

Page 273: ...esign and configuration see Getting the IP network ready for telephony Table 64 Inter site call Traffic Availability is Enhanced by Highly Available Data Network Percentage of traffic usage is listed in Table 55 and is according to the Communities of Interest COI Matrix presented in Section 2 1 Full Solution Availability Projected Weighted Downtime min of traffic generated in Atlanta Annual downti...

Page 274: ...Reliability and Recovery 274 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 275: ...Issue 3 4 1 June 2005 275 Section 3 Getting the IP network ready for telephony ...

Page 276: ...276 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 277: ...ony places new demands on the network Suboptimal design cannot cope with these demands Even with switches installed a company must follow industry best practices to have a properly functioning voice network Because most users do not tolerate poor voice quality administrators should implement a well designed network before they begin IP Telephony pilot programs or deployments This section contains ...

Page 278: ... links are not properly sized or queuing strategies are not properly implemented the quality and the timeliness of voice and data traffic will be less than optimal Table 65 Layers in a hierarchical network Layer Description Core The core layer is the heart of the network The purpose of the core layer is to forward packets as quickly as possible The core layer must be designed with high availabilit...

Page 279: ...es globally Products such as HP OpenView Network Node Manager Avaya Integrated Management Concord NetHealth and MRTG help administrators maintain acceptable service Outsource companies are also available to assist other companies that do not have the resources to implement and maintain network management Voice quality Voice quality is always a subjective topic Defining good voice quality varies wi...

Page 280: ...but may not yield the best quality A delay of 80 ms to 180 ms can yield business communication quality Business communication quality is much better than cell phone quality and is well suited for the majority of businesses 2 Delays that exceed 180 ms might still be quite acceptable depending on customer expectations analog trunks used codec type and so on 2 Also business communication quality is d...

Page 281: ...nting Communication Manager on a data network for more information Switched network A fully switched LAN network is a network that allows full duplex and full endpoint bandwidth for every endpoint that exists on that LAN Although IP Telephony systems can work in a shared or hub based LAN Avaya recommends the consistently high results that a switched network lends to IP Telephony Network assessment...

Page 282: ...ess lists Access lists slow down a router While access lists are appropriate for voice networks care must be taken not to apply them to unnecessary interfaces Traffic should be modeled beforehand and access lists applied only to the appropriate interface in the appropriate direction not to all interfaces in all directions Avaya recommends caution when using the following Network Address Translatio...

Page 283: ...cleaner design where IP Telephony hosts are not subjected to broadcasts from other hosts and where troubleshooting is simplified This separation also provides a routed boundary between the IP Telephony segments and the rest of the enterprise network where restrictions can be placed to prevent unwanted traffic from crossing the boundary When personal computers are attached to IP Telephones the upli...

Page 284: ...is feature is not available disabling spanning tree on the port is an option that should be considered Do not disable spanning tree on an entire switch or VLAN Disable Cisco features Cisco features that are not required by Avaya endpoints include channeling cdp and inline power These features are nonstandard mechanisms that are relevant only to Cisco devices and can sometimes interfere with Avaya ...

Page 285: ... 3 2 Cisco CatOS and some Cisco IOS Table 67 Speed duplex matrix Device 1 configuration Device 2 configuration Result Autonegotiate Autonegotiate 100 full expected and often achieved but not always stable Suitable for user PC connections but not suitable for server connections or uplinks May be suitable for a single IP Telephony call such as with a Softphone Not suitable for multiple IP Telephony ...

Page 286: ...ciated with a VLAN devices on that VLAN can only communicate with other devices on the same VLAN For more information use the links below to see Avaya s white paper LANs and VLANs A Simplified Tutorial Avaya Associates use this link http gozer dr avaya com Business Partners use this link www avaya com The port or native VLAN Port VLAN and native VLAN are synonymous terms The IEEE 802 1Q standard a...

Page 287: ...ephone The pre 3 2 version of P330 code did not have the capability to clear off unwanted VLANs Enabling 802 1Q trunking enabled all the VLANs Newer versions of P330 code can limit the VLANs on a trunk but in doing so they alter the previous trunking behavior VLAN binding feature P330 v3 2 8 With both Cisco and the pre 3 2 P330 code the default behavior of trunking is to permit all VLANs With the ...

Page 288: ...other switch trunking must be enabled with the command set trunk mod port dot1q which causes all egress frames to be tagged However if the port is connected to an Avaya IP Telephone with an attached personal computer trunking must not be enabled so that none of the egress frames are tagged This is necessary because most personal computers cannot understand tagged frames Setting the priority withou...

Page 289: ...s for IP Telephony Table 70 Cisco hardware characteristics Hardware platform operating system Laboratory test results Catalyst 6509 with CatOS 6 1 2 Accepted VID zero for the native VLAN when 802 1Q trunking was enabled on the port In this case all but the native VLAN should be cleared off the trunk Catalyst 4000 with CatOS 6 3 3 Did not accept VID zero for the native VLAN Opened a case with Cisco...

Page 290: ...2 to 223 24 bits are used for the network and 8 bits are used for the host This is known as a Class C address In recent years additional techniques including Variable Length Subnet Masks VLSM and Classless InterDomain Routing CIDR have extended subnetting techniques to make more efficient use of address space CIDR introduced the concept of supernets which is a technique for aggregating a range of ...

Page 291: ...raffic from data traffic allows protection from viruses excessive broadcast traffic and security threats that are caused by malicious users or external intruders For most IP Telephony implementations using RFC 1918 private address space is acceptable Generally Voice over IP VoIP is not deployed across the public Internet Therefore providing addresses in the private range saves public IP addresses ...

Page 292: ...phone Installation Guide 4600 Series IP Telephone LAN Administrator s Guide Both documents can be found at Link to 4600 Series IP Telephone documents support avaya com The current GA firmware releases can be obtained at the Avaya Support Center support avaya com The information that is covered in this section may or may not be covered in the resources that are listed above It might also be necessa...

Page 293: ...hese functions are transferred to the enterprise Ethernet switch where they really belong Although the IP Telephone can accommodate a second user device the telephone itself being the first its primary function is not that of an enterprise network device 30A base switch The 30A base switch is a three port switch that is integrated into the base stand of 4612 and 4624 sets The pigtail cable attache...

Page 294: ...ication purposes 4 Request file 46XXUPGRADE SCR all caps and others from TFTP server This text script file tells the telephone what boot code bbla0_ bin and application code def r _ bin are needed If the telephone does not have the current codes it requests them from the TFTP server A brand new telephone makes all three requests because telephones come from the factory with no code or outdated cod...

Page 295: ...ember that its primary function is not that of an enterprise network device For example do not connect an enterprise server to the telephone Such high traffic servers require their own separate connections to the enterprise Ethernet switch Also do not connect a personal computer to the telephone at 10 mbps if that computer routinely runs high volume transactions The telephone itself operates well ...

Page 296: ...ommunication Manager as configured on the IP Network Region form L2 signaling Layer 2 CoS tag for Ethernet frames that contain signaling packets Set this to a value between 0 and 7 This value is sent to the telephone by Avaya Communication Manager as configured on the IP Network Region form LAN ID Must be set to zero 0 for this scenario A VID of zero indicates that the Ethernet frame belongs on th...

Page 297: ...t range Required network information DHCP is the control point where an enterprise controls its IP Telephones Before administering DHCP and TFTP complete the information that is outlined below to ensure that you have the necessary information regarding your network There can be more than one gateway TFTP server subnet mask and C LAN in your configuration You need a copy of this table for each DHCP...

Page 298: ...FTP server path should not be used Avaya can use a special option Option 176 to pass these values Avaya has done significant testing of and had good success with Option 176 on the Microsoft Windows 2000 DHCP server and the ISC DHCP server common on Linux and Unix platforms Results from other DHCP servers may vary A typical Option 176 string looks like the following string MCIPADD MCPORT 1719 TFTPS...

Page 299: ... 48 volts and 3 6 GRD of an RJ45 connector Power over Traditionally pins 7 48 volts and 8 GRD of an RJ45 connector Power through the barrel connector on the bottom of the telephone Types of IP Telephone power Centralized power IEEE the standards body that governs PoE has not ratified a final position on PoE However a working draft Rev 3 0 of IEEE 802 3af has been in place to establish guidelines f...

Page 300: ...hrough a power supply with either a CAT 5 LAN cable or a barrel connector or a special split cord Each power supply has a different power range in which it can operate Configuring the IP Telephones for power The Avaya 4600 Series IP Telephones are comprised of the following models 4602 IP Telephone no barrel connector one RJ45 jack no switch no hub 4606 IP Telephone barrel connector two RJ45 jacks...

Page 301: ...et cable that is connected to the IP Telephone Local power The 1151B1 and 1151B2 switching power supplies are the preferred global solution for local power and replace the 1151A1 and 1151A2 units respectively In addition to being the preferred solution the 1151B1 and 1151B2 local power supply units eliminate the need for any special split cord Legacy power Many existing IP Telephone installations ...

Page 302: ... compression Serialization delay Network design QoS In particular QoS becomes more important in a WAN environment than in a LAN In many cases transitioning from the LAN to the WAN reduces bandwidth by approximately 99 Because of this severe bandwidth crunch strong queuing buffering and packet loss management techniques have been developed These are covered in more detail in the Quality of Service ...

Page 303: ... is available on Avaya and Cisco routers Serialization delay Serialization delay refers to the delay that is associated with sending bits across a physical medium Serialization delay is important to IP Telephony because this delay can add significant jitter to voice packets and thus impair voice quality See Layer 3 QoS on page 313 for techniques to minimize serialization delay Network design Routi...

Page 304: ... over per packet load balanced paths This type of setup often leads to choppy quality voice Avaya recommends that in situations with multiple active paths per flow load balancing is preferable to per packet load balancing This behavior is enabled by default on Avaya products On Cisco routers the command for this is ip route cache applied per interface Frame Relay The nature of Frame Relay poses so...

Page 305: ...is guaranteed its respective CIR but it is also allowed to burst up to the port rate without any guarantees The port rate at Dallas is not quite double the aggregate CIR but it does not need to be because the expectation is that not all three branch offices will burst up to the maximum at the same time In an implementation like this the service is probably negotiated through a single vendor But it...

Page 306: ...C ATM CBR cells are delivered with lower latency and higher reliability Finally under the best circumstances Frame Relay is still inherently more susceptible to delay than ATM or TDM Therefore after applying the best possible queuing mechanism one should still expect more delay over Frame Relay than is present over ATM or TDM VPN Many definitions exist for Virtual Private Networks VPNs VPNs refer ...

Page 307: ...he efficiencies of the IT organization Long distance charges can be reduced by sending voice over IP networks Voice over IP VPN is emerging as a viable way to achieve these advantages The emergence of public and virtual private IP services promises to make it easier for customers suppliers and businesses to use data networks to carry voice services As with any powerful new technology however VPNs ...

Page 308: ...eone else accessing the information In addition to IPSec there are two standards for establishing tunnels at Layer 2 These are the Point to Point Tunneling Protocol PPTP and Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol L2TP neither of which includes the encryption capabilities of IPSec The value of IPSec beyond these solutions is that IPSec operates at IP Layer 3 It allows for native end to end secure tunneling and...

Page 309: ...rrier based outsourced or hybrid models Each approach offers a unique business advantage Enterprise based This option operates over a public network facility most commonly the Internet using equipment that is owned and operated by the enterprise Its greatest benefit to the enterprise is the degree of flexibility and control it offers over VPN deployment administration and adaptability or change Fu...

Page 310: ...plementations do not support H 323 protocols The destination IP address is encapsulated in more than one header including the Q 931 H 225 and IP headers NAT changes only the address in the IP header which results in a mismatch that prohibits the control of calls Avaya suggests using a firewall to guard against intruders but the firewall should not provide NAT functions for IP Telephony packets unl...

Page 311: ...he intent to give it higher priority does not necessarily mean it will receive higher priority CoS tagging does no good without the supporting QoS mechanisms in the network devices Topics covered in this section include CoS Layer 2 QoS Layer 3 QoS IEEE 802 1 p Q DiffServ RSVP Queuing methods Traffic shaping and policing Fragmentation RTP Examples of QoS implementation CoS IEEE 802 1p Q at the Ethe...

Page 312: ... value should map directly to a precedence and traffic parameter combination of the original scheme This is not always the case however and it can cause problems on some older devices On any device new or old having a nonzero value in the ToS field cannot hurt if the device is not configured to examine the ToS field The problems arise on some legacy devices when the ToS field is examined either by...

Page 313: ...ueuing CQ priority queuing PQ and low latency queuing LLQ LLQ is a combination of priority queuing and class based weighted fair queuing CBWFQ and it is Cisco s recommended queuing mechanism for real time applications such as IP Telephony Each queuing mechanism behaves differently is configured differently and has its own set of queues First the desired traffic must be identified using DSCP IP add...

Page 314: ...ice to enable multiple QoS features simultaneously not knowing what effects if any each feature is introducing Generally for newer network equipment best practices involve enabling Layer 3 DiffServ QoS on WAN links traversed by voice Tag voice and data with DiffServ Code Point 46 Expedited Forwarding and set up a strict priority queue for voice If voice quality is still not acceptable or if QoS is...

Page 315: ...hardware function to software or for any other reason Since most QoS policies are implemented on WAN links the following general points for Cisco routers are offered to increase the level of confidence that QoS remains in hardware consult Cisco to be sure Newer hardware platforms are required 2600 3600 7200 and 7500 Newer interface modules WIC VIP and so on are required Consult Cisco to determine ...

Page 316: ...one of 8 different classes of service Communication Manager users can add the 802 1Q bytes and set the priority bits as desired Avaya suggests that a priority of 6 be used for both voice and signaling The Avaya line of data switches can switch frames with or without these VLAN headers with no configuration time spent IEEE 802 1p and IEEE 802 1Q are OSI layer 2 solutions and work on frames Because ...

Page 317: ...g DiffServ The Differentiated Services DiffServ prioritization scheme redefines the existing TOS byte in the IP header Figure 83 Differentiated Services DiffServ TOS byte on page 318 by combining the first 6 bits into 64 possible combinations This use of the TOS byte is still evolving but can be used now by Communication Manager IP Telephones and other network elements such as routers and switches...

Page 318: ...f packets that are tagged with DiffServe is implementation dependent Note that older routers might require a DSCP setting of 40 101000 which is backward compatible to the original TOS byte definition of critical But again Avaya products and software allows users to set any of the 64 possible DSCP values to work with your voice quality policy The TOS byte is an OSI model Layer 3 solution and works ...

Page 319: ...on on the network region form If RSVP is enabled endpoints including IP Telephones and media processors attempt to establish a reservation for each call If the reservation fails Avaya endpoints still try to place a call but lower the DiffServ priority of the call to the better than best effort BBE DSCP that is defined on the network region form By default this value is 43 If RSVP is enabled on a n...

Page 320: ... for IP Telephony traffic because high flow traffic can still delay IP Telephony traffic and cause unacceptable latency and jitter PQ Strict priority queuing PQ divides traffic into different queues These queues are usually high medium normal and low based on traffic type This form of queuing services the queues in order of priority from high to low If there is a packet in the high priority queue ...

Page 321: ...her queues if insufficient traffic enters the high priority queue RED WRED Although they are not queuing methods per se Random Early Detection RED and Weighted Random Early Detection WRED are important queue management techniques RED and WRED work by randomly discarding packets from a queue RED takes advantage of the congestion control mechanism of TCP By randomly dropping packets prior to periods...

Page 322: ...raffic as Discard Eligible DE and either delay or discard it if congestion is detected within the network of the carrier This behavior is unacceptable for voice traffic which must minimize delay and jitter to achieve optimal voice quality To solve this issue Frame Relay traffic shaping gives an administrator tools to limit the transmission rate on a Frame Relay virtual circuit to the CIR A popular...

Page 323: ...smaller pieces for propagation If a smaller voice packet comes in it can be squeezed between the data packet fragments and be transmitted within a short period of time The sections that follow discuss some of the more common fragmentation techniques MTU LFI FRF 12 MTU The maximum transmission unit MTU is the longest packet in bytes that can be transmitted by an interface without fragmentation Redu...

Page 324: ... byte IP header and an 8 byte PPP header However fragmenting at the data link PPP layer only forces generation of an 8 byte PPP header which greatly increases the efficiency of the link Avaya recommends use of LFI functionality instead of MTU manipulation when transmitting IP Telephony packets over PPP links As with MTU Avaya recommends sizing packets so that the serialization delay is approximate...

Page 325: ...he Avaya X330WAN router which is a module for the P330 chassis RTP header compression can drastically reduce the IP Telephony bandwidth consumption on a WAN link when using 20 ms G 729 audio When the combined 40 byte header is reduced to 4 bytes the total IP packet size is reduced by 60 from 60 bytes to 24 bytes This equates to reducing the total IP Telephony WAN bandwidth consumption by roughly h...

Page 326: ...ducted in a laboratory environment Although this test was conducted using Cisco routers the expected behavior is the same for any router that performs this function as specified in RFC 2508 This test was performed in the laboratory configuration that is shown in Figure 84 Figure 84 Equipment configuration for RTP header compression test In Figure 84 Equipment configuration for RTP header compressi...

Page 327: ... octets at the end of the RTP payload which cannot be true for G 711 Configuration To configure RTP header compression on a Cisco router 1 Specify the number of RTP connections that can be compressed cache allocation In interface configuration mode the command is ip rtp compression connections number where The default for number is 32 and each call requires two connections The configurable range i...

Page 328: ...inks Example 2 C LANS cannot tag their traffic Example 3 More restrictions on the traffic Converged infrastructure LAN switches Example 1 Cisco router configuration for point to point WAN links There is a three step process to turn on QoS on a Cisco router 1 Set up a class map that defines interesting traffic to be prioritized 2 Select a queuing strategy In this case use a policy map to set priori...

Page 329: ...e class map set policies for it using a policy map For the policy map to take effect it has to be applied to an interface Queue packets on the outgoing interface In the sample configuration 768 K of bandwidth is reserved for RTP This value should be set at or above the maximum bandwidth to be used for IP Telephony In our case 768 K supports 9 calls using G 711 or 31 calls using G 729 This example ...

Page 330: ...Create a class map called VoIP 2 match ip dscp 46 Any packet with DSCP 46 is in the class VoIP 3 policy map voipQoS Create a policy map called voipQoS 4 class VoIP priority 768 Give strict priority to packets in the class VoIP on up to 768 k of this WAN link 5 class class default fair queue Put everything else in the default class and transmit it out the default queue in a fair queue fashion 6 ran...

Page 331: ... list 101 permits any IP traffic from the 2 C LANs to the 192 168 2 0 24 network There is an implicit deny any at the end of this access list 2 access list 101 permit ip host 192 168 1 11 192 168 2 0 0 0 0 255 3 class map match any untaggedVoIP Create a class map called untaggedVoIP 4 match access group 101 Packets that match access list 101 are in the class that is untaggedVoIP 5 policy map setDS...

Page 332: ... subnets There is an implicit deny any at the end of this access list 3 class map match any VoIP Create a class map called VoIP 4 match access group 101 Only packets matching access list 101 are in the class VoIP this is more restrictive than matching any packet with DSCP 46 or 34 5 policy map voipQoS Create a class map called VoIP 6 class VoIP priority 768 Give strict priority to packets in the c...

Page 333: ... the following procedure to activate CBQ Table 80 X330 WAN Module administration commands Command Meaning 1 set qos policy source local Define DSCP CoS mapping no external policy source 2 ip access list name 100 voice set up access list 100 with name voice 3 ip access list dscp operation 100 34 fw7 The X330 WAN has four queues with eight behaviors fw6 and fw7 are different behaviors within the top...

Page 334: ...ollowing commands to Interface Serial 1 10 voip queue Activate VoIP queue management mode on the serial interface 11 exit 12 interface Serial 1 Apply the following commands to Interface Serial 1 13 ip rtp header compression Enable cRTP optional Table 80 X330 WAN Module administration commands continued Command Meaning 2 of 2 ...

Page 335: ...on Manager on a data network This section presents several examples of implementing Communication Manager on a data network Topics covered include S8700 Multi Connect S8700 IP connect S8700 S8300 LSP S8300 G700 G350 ICC Sample Multi Connect deployment ...

Page 336: ... S8700 Multi Connect system is relatively straightforward to implement on the data network It consists of an S8700 server pair and some number of IPSIs depending on the number of port networks The connection between the IPSIs and the S8700 pair is done on a private LAN utilizing one or more switches This is one of the simpler network configurations as control traffic is completely isolated from th...

Page 337: ...ot Control Network on Customer LAN CNOCL Prior to Avaya Communication Manager 2 0 the S8700 Multi Connect Control Network was required to be implemented on a private dedicated network A private dedicated Control Network provides the much needed and desired system reliability and availability The system is isolated and hence much more secure and less prone to security attacks from the likes of viru...

Page 338: ...nificant packet loss there will be excessive retransmission at the application layer that will bring the link down Delays even momentary delays exceeding 300ms may cause the interchange of control networks or servers and may generate alarms Where a common path is used to reach IPSIs significant delays will cause a Port Network Warm or COLD restart Choose a routing protocol that is robust and will ...

Page 339: ...ess control lists in order to protect the system from attacks and unwanted traffic Firewalls should be placed between the enterprise network and control network segments to protect the server against network attacks Firewalls should be implemented to prevent unauthorized access to the server from the enterprise network in the case of a compromise of the enterprise network Firewalls should be imple...

Page 340: ...Server interfaces and Avaya media gateways The port networks in an IP Connect configuration use IPSI cards in the port networks to communicate to the S8700 Media Server This connection will be referred to as the control connection throughout this document If the control between the media server and port network is lost the media server will be unable to provide call control resulting in an unstabl...

Page 341: ...iliency from spanning tree calculations and DoS attacks that could potentially bring down a media server connected to the enterprise infrastructure This design is typical in large single site deployments Firewalls are often used to provide additional security Advantages Provides a control point to limit traffic allowed on the control network An additional media server can provide protection agains...

Page 342: ...te the voice data networks from the control network to limit traffic allowed from the outside networks Tight control of the rule set can then allow for specific stations to access the Web interface of the S8700 Media Servers Once again IP connectivity is required between media server clusters and the IPSIs of any port network requiring control This is the most prevalent design in large corporate i...

Page 343: ...s hold the ultimate responsibility of deciding how to best implement the solution For more information on S8700 IP Connect topologies visit http www avaya com support Figure 89 S8700 IP Connect system As shown in Figure 89 S8700 IP Connect system the S8700 IP Connect system also consists of a pair of S8700 servers with IPSIs per port network The main difference between a Multi Connect system and a...

Page 344: ...rver farm placement in network configuration In general both S8700 Media Servers and G650 Media Gateways should be treated as servers for the purpose of network placement They should be connected into a server farm utilizing redundant switches If the network path between the S8700 media servers and the G650 gateways is disrupted for more than a few seconds the port network could reset disrupting c...

Page 345: ...sources in a G700 deployed in a branch office should be configured for the network region of the remote branch office and not the network region of the MedPros located in headquarters QoS Because G650s can be separated from S8700s by a WAN link and because network issues affect G650 stability it is important to properly enable QoS specifically DiffServ QoS is most important across WAN links but ma...

Page 346: ...tions products against penetration and denial of service attacks For more information see Security G700 G350 connections to the C LAN A G700 or G350 uses H 248 signaling with its controller If the G700 G350 is homed off of an S8700 server pair it must be able to reach a C LAN for its signaling connection The G700 or G350 gateway does not communicate directly with an S8700 This restriction does not...

Page 347: ... interface directly for H 323 and H 248 signaling Stacking The G700 can be stacked with other switches in the Avaya P330 family It uses an 8 Gbps stacking cable connecting the switches As with other members of the P330 family it can be managed by the switch designated as the stack master freeing customers from managing each switch separately It can take advantage of all of the features of P330 swi...

Page 348: ...1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 REMOVE ALM TST ACT OK TO ALM TST ACT OK TO SHUT DOWN SERVICES SERVICES USB 1 USB 1 USB 2 USB 2 E1 T1 E1 T1 EIA 530A DCE EIA 530A DCE ALM TST ACT SIG ALM TST ACT SIG EI SO EM SM SM EO EO SI Midspan PoE Avaya G350 S8300LSP Media Gateway Phones Ethernet Switches Branch Office 2 T1 T1 T1 Optional cards installed in G700s to support analog trunks for failover Midspan PoE Layer 2 Access ...

Page 349: ...from the building network and only the C LANs MedPros and S8700 administrative interfaces are connected to the building network through access lists This does provide sufficient connectivity however for the G700 G350s to reach the C LANs and the LSPs to reach the S8700s DiffServ L3 QoS has been applied on the T 1 circuits In this case 75 of the bandwidth has been reserved for voice and voice signa...

Page 350: ...Implementing Communication Manager on a data network 350 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 351: ...etwork management and change control This section discusses the following techniques Change control Layer 2 mechanisms to increase reliability Layer 3 availability mechanisms Dial backup Convergence times Change control Change control describes a process by which an organization can control non emergency network changes and reduce the likelihood of administrator errors that cause network disruptio...

Page 352: ...ary Traditional spanning tree is not VLAN aware Thus it will block links even if VLAN provisioning would have prevented a loop To solve these issues the IEEE has recently introduced 802 1s and 802 1w enhancements 802 1w introduces rapid spanning tree protocol RSTP RSTP uses active handshaking to speed up convergence times 802 1s introduces multiple spanning trees MST which is a way of grouping dif...

Page 353: ...the routing table Link state protocols exchange their routing tables only once when routers first establish a relationship After that they only send updates They also send hello messages periodically to ensure that the other routers are still present Link state protocols converge much more quickly than distance vector protocols and thus are generally better suited to networks that require high ava...

Page 354: ...oves convergence time As soon as a router detects a path failure it remove it from the routing table and sends all traffic over the remaining links If this is a physical link failure the detection time is nearly instantaneous Therefore Avaya recommends the use of multipath routing where available across multiple links to a particular location Dial backup One cost effective technique for installing...

Page 355: ...time that it takes to dial connect and authenticate a connection These times do not take into account LAG fast spanning tree or multipath routing which speed up convergence This table shows the importance of carefully planning for fail over in a network For example both OSPF and EIGRP Layer 3 protocols converge faster than spanning tree Layer 2 When designing a highly available data network it is ...

Page 356: ...Network recovery 356 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 357: ...Avaya network assessment solutions The Network Assessment services for Avaya IP Telephony consist of 2 phases Customer Infrastructure Readiness Survey CIRS is a high level LAN WAN infrastructure evaluation that determines the suitability of an existing network for IP Telephony The CIRS Report includes detailed technical information about any problems that are discovered in the customer infrastruct...

Page 358: ... Infrastructure Readiness Survey CIRS The CIRS offer is a scheduled remote network evaluation that is valuable for all customers that are expanding of their communication capabilities The CIRS evaluates the customer s current network environment by Maximizing the available resources Identifying additional resources that are required to support the proposed IP Solution The outcome of the CIRS is a ...

Page 359: ... the CIRS Table 83 Customer Infrastructure Readiness Survey CIRS components Component Who does this What does this do What are the results What happens with the results Network Topology Report Customer Describes your network configuration Topology report integrated with all other CIRS components Site Configuration Survey Customer Data for individual customer site high level health check 1 1 If the...

Page 360: ...g the problem The customer has two choices Resolve the problems independently and then re run the survey afterward Hire Avaya to perform an on site Network Analysis Network Optimization NANO evaluation Network Analysis Network Optimization NANO The Network Analysis Network Optimization NANO offer includes Scheduled on site evaluations Traffic simulation Network testing Analysis of the results Reco...

Page 361: ...phony they can skip the CIRS Site Configuration Survey SCS Network topology map During a NANO data collection utilities and network simulation tools are loaded onto a customer s network at pre determined endpoints Traffic with similar characteristics injected onto the network and monitored for performance under load conditions After the performance analysis a comprehensive report documenting netwo...

Page 362: ... of CIRS Data for individual customer site high level health check Professional Service PS engineer reviews data and recommends where to deploy Protocol Analysis software Traffic Injection Monitoring Data Collection Avaya Determines endpoints with SNMP agents installed for data collection Monitors each network segment for busy hour traffic Data analyzed to determine the highest level phone quality...

Page 363: ... network performance expectations Locate and identify all SNMP enabled devices Identify hosts on each subnet Identify all routers switches and hubs Manual identification of all non SNMP enabled devices Identify operating system of each Host found Map hosts to communication paths between hosts Generate Layer 3 topology map to compare with CIRS Install endpoints for testing Review WAN specific circu...

Page 364: ...a What if analysis of IP Telephony codecs to determine best match for performance and call quality Report generation Summary of IT and Voice team s interviews perceived expectations and requirements as related to proposed applications and network performance levels Physical topology map on all devices discovered and monitored on the network Analysis of WAN circuits current status and recommendatio...

Page 365: ...t findings in a NANO Report delivered to the customer Accurate network topology Measurements of actual usability performance levels throughput performance of the LAN and server utilization Results of traffic simulation on the network at projected volumes Define problem areas causes and functional requirement recommendations to be implemented in the network design ...

Page 366: ...Network assessment offer 366 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 367: ...Issue 3 4 1 June 2005 367 Appendixes ...

Page 368: ...Appendixes 368 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 369: ...gency change management Performance indicators for change management Introduction This section provides a template for change management that promotes high availability networks Specifically the template provides the critical steps for creating a change management process a high level process flow for planned change management an emergency change process flow and a general method to evaluate the s...

Page 370: ...ng changes Configuration changes New deployments Assign higher risk levels to nonstandard adds moves or changes The high risk change process that you document must include laboratory validation vendor review peer review and detailed configuration and design documentation Create solution templates for deployments that affect multiple sites Include information about Physical layout Logical design Co...

Page 371: ...ents Moderate change management review meetings Act as liaison for user groups Hold periodic change review meetings Include personnel from the following functional areas System administration Application development Network operations Facilities groups General users Document change input requirements including Change owner Business impact Risk level Reason for change Success factors Backout plan T...

Page 372: ...s flow The different steps to follow during a network change are represented in Figure 92 Process flow during a network change on page 372 Each process box in the flowchart is discussed below This section covers the topics Scope Risk assessment Test and validation Change planning Change controller Change management team Communication Implementation team Test evaluation of change Network management...

Page 373: ...k change has an associated risk level that can be assessed by modeling the change in a laboratory environment or with a network modeling tool It might be helpful to assign one of the following risk categories to each change request High risk These network changes have the highest impact on user groups or particular environments and might affect an entire site Backing out of the change can be time ...

Page 374: ...arge number of users 500 or business critical service Large increases in traffic or users backbone changes or routing changes might require network downtime 3 Medium potential impact to smaller number of users or business service Any nonstandard change such as a new product software topology features or the addition of new users increased traffic or nonstandard topology may require some network do...

Page 375: ...teway changes routing changes interface flaps and link changes Also validate the security and network management functions of the new solution Table 86 Testing and validation recommendations Risk level Recommendations 1 Requires laboratory validation of the new solution including documented testing validation and what if analysis showing the impact to existing infrastructure completion of an opera...

Page 376: ...cedures and backout procedures The level of planning is usually directly proportional to the risk level of the change A successful project should have the following goals for change planning Ensure all resources are identified and in place for the change Ensure a clear goal has been set and met for the change Ensure the change conforms to all organizational standards for design configuration versi...

Page 377: ...on that apply to the change This helps to ensure that the change conforms to current architecture or engineering design guidelines or constraints Standards can include the following device and interface naming conventions DNS update requirements IP addressing requirements global standard configuration files labeling conventions interface description conventions design guidelines standard software ...

Page 378: ...nges that do not produce the desired business results Number of emergency changes implemented Degree of client satisfaction Change management team You should create a change management team that includes representation from networking operations server operations application support and user groups within your organization The team should review all change requests and approve or deny each request...

Page 379: ...kpoints testing backout criteria and backout time constraints This team should guarantee adherence to organizational standards update DNS and network management tools and maintain and enhance the tool set that is used to test and validate the change Specifically the implementation team should fully understand the following testing questions and should include them in the change documentation prior...

Page 380: ...rification List trace verification Display or status command verification Network management station availability and verification After achieving some level of comfort with the change evaluate what was accomplished Does the change make sense Did the change address the network problem What should be done differently the next time that a change is warranted Network management update Operational rea...

Page 381: ...ation Out of band management access maps and documentation Solution templates Detailed numbering plans and assignments Detailed dial plan and call routing information VLAN numbering plans and assignments Network Region assignments Naming standards for all network devices Software code and hardware types that are currently implemented and supported Protocol filtering criteria and methodologies Rout...

Page 382: ...ll resolve the existing problem but also whether the change will cause other network problems Steps that are critical for an emergency change process are shown in the process flow below In this section the topics covered are Issue determination Limited risk assessment Communication Documentation Implementation Test and evaluation Issue determination It is usually obvious when an emergency change i...

Page 383: ...uld determine which users might be affected by the change Communication Although it is not always be possible to notify all users of all changes especially in emergency situations the users certainly appreciate any warning that you can provide You should also communicate the details of any emergency changes with the change manager and allow the change manager to maintain metrics on emergency chang...

Page 384: ...on the problem Observe and document any foreseen or unforeseen side effects of the change Determine whether the problem is resolved and if so make sure all necessary documentation and network management updates occur to properly reflect the change If the change is unsuccessful back out and continue the emergency change process until the problem is resolved or a workaround is in place Once the chan...

Page 385: ...possibly including telephony administration network administration database groups application teams and facilities Risk level is important because generally higher risk changes fail or create incidents You might define change failure as any change that is backed out or causes a problem that results in time out of service for the users Determining change related incidents can be difficult You shou...

Page 386: ...etwork engineering documents to create a reference of examples for future successful projects If the change controller notices change problems the controller can refer to the change planning document to investigate how well the particular issue was documented before the change Over time the change controller might ask to have additional information added to future change planning documents for hig...

Page 387: ... To TCP UDP port or protocol Notes Permit Any C LAN UDP 1719 Any endpoint UDP any The C LAN uses UDP port 1719 for endpoint registration RAS Permit Any endpoint UDP any Any C LAN UDP 1719 Permit Any C LAN TCP 1720 Any endpoint TCP any The C LAN uses TCP port 1720 for H 225 call signaling Permit Any endpoint TCP any Any C LAN TCP 1720 Permit Near end C LAN TCP 1720 Far end C LAN TCP 1720 This is to...

Page 388: ...ficult to isolate to a port range The GET and PUT requests from the client go to the UDP port 69 on the server but all other messages go between random ports Permit DNS servers UDP 53 dns Any IP Telephone hardphone UDP any Permit Any IP Telephone hardphone UDP 68 bootpc DHCP server s UDP 67 bootps Permit DHCP servers UDP 67 bootps Any IP Telephone hardphone UDP 68 bootpc Permit Any IP Telephone ha...

Page 389: ...systems and eth0 on IP Connect systems Permit Any IP Telephone hardphone UDP 161 snmp SNMP managemen t stations UDP any Permit Any Avaya device ICMP Echo Any Avaya devices ping other devices for various reasons For example C LANs ping endpoints for management purposes MedPros ping C LANs to gauge network performance across an IP trunk IP Telephones ping TFTP servers for verification purposes Permi...

Page 390: ...512 1023 Network ports TCP 512 1023 must be open See Table 89 below Permit S8300 LSP TCP 514 S8700 enterprise interface TCP any Permit S8300 LSP TCP any S8700 enterprise interface TCP 512 1023 Permit S8700 enterprise interface TCP 512 1023 S8300 LSP TCP any Permit Avaya Site Administratio n workstation TCP any S8300 S8500 or S8700 enterprise interface TCP 5023 This allows an administrator to log i...

Page 391: ...S8700 Permit DNS server s UDP 53 dns S8300 S8500 or S8700 enterprise interface UDP any Permit S8300 S8500 or S8700 enterprise interface UDP any NTP server s UDP 123 ntp Permit NTP server s UDP 123 ntp S8300 S8500 or S8700 enterprise interface UDP any Permit G700 or G350 TCP any S8300 or other call server TCP 2945 Unencrypted H 248 signaling between G700 or G350 Media Gateway and S8300 or other cal...

Page 392: ... G350 TCP any Permit Call server IP any IPSI board IP any There are too many system control messages and services between the call server and IPSI board to filter each one individually Permit IPSI board IP any Call server IP any Table 89 Port requirements for file synchronization Primary Firewall Port Customer Network Port s LSP Firewall Port Both primary and LSP running pre CM2 x TCP 514 TCP 512 ...

Page 393: ...ically Backward compatibility CM1 3 primary CM2 x LSP TCP 514 TCP 512 1023 TCP 21873 opens automatically Backward compatibility CM2 x primary CM3 x LSP TCP 21873 opens automatically TCP 21873 TCP 21874 opens automatically Table 89 Port requirements for file synchronization continued 2 of 2 ...

Page 394: ...Access list 394 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 395: ...ected to the P330 switch Figure 93 Sample Multi VLAN scenario for Cajun P330 code 3 2 8 and Cisco To configure the multi VLAN example proceed as follows Table 90 Command set and explanations for multi VLAN example Command Notes Cisco router configuration interface FastEthernet0 1 description 802 1Q trunk interface interface FastEthernet0 1 1 1 of 5 cynds307 KLC 121003 AVAYA IP Phone PC DHCP Server...

Page 396: ...In addition to v1 v10 statically bound to port set trunk 1 1 dot1q Port connected to Cisco router is an 802 1Q trunk port set port spantree disable 1 1 set port vlan 10 1 2 Port native VLAN changed to 10 on this port set port spantree disable 1 2 set port vlan 10 1 3 set port spantree disable 1 3 set port vlan binding mode 1 5 static Port in static binding mode by default but command shown set por...

Page 397: ...mode 1 5 bind to configured Bound to configured VLANs but not a trunk port set port spantree disable 1 5 If the P330 switch were a Cisco CatOS switch instead First invoke the set port host command on all user ports and then proceed as follows set vlan 1005 1 1 Cisco switches do not tag the native VLAN but the router expects a tag on VLAN 1 so the native VLAN is changed to some unused VLAN set trun...

Page 398: ...IOS switch instead interface FastEthernet0 1 switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q Port connected to Cisco router is an 802 Q trunk port switchport trunk native vlan 1005 Cisco switches do not tag the native VLAN but the router expects a tag on VLAN 1 so the native VLAN is changed to some unused VLAN switchport trunk allowed vlan 1 10 1005 VLANs 1 10 and 1005 allowed on trunk switchport mode trunk ...

Page 399: ...ort switchport trunk native vlan 1 Since most PCs do not understand the tag the Cisco native VLAN must be set as the PC s VLAN VLAN 1 is already the native VLAN but command is shown switchport trunk allowed vlan 1 10 VLANs 1 and 10 allowed on trunk switchport mode trunk spanning tree portfast Optional commands using the voice vlan on the telephone port 2 interface FastEthernet0 5 switchport trunk ...

Page 400: ... and L2QVLAN 10 to the existing SSON 176 comma separated string For example MCIPADD MCPORT 1719 TFTPSRVR L2Q 1 L2QVLAN 10 This causes the telephone to release the VLAN 1 address after the first DHCP sequence and then enter a second DHCP sequence with tagging enabled to obtain a VLAN 10 address Because the L2Q parameters are not manually set in this scenario and thus are not stored in NVRAM the tel...

Page 401: ...hanged unless this conflicts with an existing port assignment TFTP server file path Telephone IP address range both From and To DNS Server addresses if applicable Choosing a DHCP configuration This section concentrates on the simplest case of the single LAN segment Extrapolate the information that is provided here for more complex LAN configurations WARNING WARNING Before you start it is important...

Page 402: ...IP addresses If more than one address is listed the total list may contain up to 127 total ASCII characters with IP addresses separated by commas with no intervening spaces 5 Configure the Subnet mask 6 Administer Option 6 DNS servers address list If more than one address is listed the total list may contain up to 127 total ASCII characters with IP addresses separated by commas with no intervening...

Page 403: ...h no intervening spaces and with quotes on either end see the example in the NOTES below If you use DNS note that the system value DOMAIN is appended to the hostname that you specify If DOMAIN is null the DNS names must be fully qualified In configurations where the upgrade script and application files are in the default directory the TFTPDIR path should not be used You do not have to use Option 1...

Page 404: ...e Windows NT 4 0 server operating system Use Verifying the DHCP server installation below to verify whether the DHCP server is installed If it is not install the DHCP server If it is installed then proceed with the Initial configuration and the Creating a DHCP scope for the IP Telephones sections Verifying the DHCP server installation Use the following procedure to verify whether the DHCP server i...

Page 405: ...ases Creating a DHCP scope for the IP Telephones Use the following procedure to create a DHCP scope for the IP Telephones 1 Select Start Programs Admin Tools DHCP Manager 2 Expand Local Machine in the DHCP Servers window by double clicking on it until the sign changes to a sign 3 Select Scope Create 4 Define the range of IP addresses used by the IP Telephones The Start Address should be the first ...

Page 406: ...ase Duration select the Limited To option and set the lease duration to the maximum 7 Enter a sensible name for the Name field such as DEFINITY IP Telephones 8 Click OK A dialog box prompts you Activate the new scope now 9 Click No Editing custom options Use the following procedure to edit custom options 1 Select DHCP Options Defaults 2 Click New 3 Enter 46XXOPTION for your custom in the Add Optio...

Page 407: ...nused Option List 10 Click Add 11 Click OK Activating the leases To activate the leases click Activate under the Scope Menu and the icon for the scope should light Verifying your configuration This section describes how to verify that the 46XXOPTIONs are correctly configured for the Windows NT 4 0 DHCP server To verify the default option 176 46XXOPTION Use the following procedure to verify the def...

Page 408: ...he Active Options list click 176 46XXOPTION 3 Click Value 4 Verify that the Value String box contains the correct value from the DHCP generic setup section If not update the string and click the OK button Windows 2000 DHCP server This section describes the configuration of the DHCP server in Windows 2000 Verifying the DHCP server installation Windows 2000 Use the following procedure to verify whet...

Page 409: ...ddresses used by the IP Telephones The Start IP Address should be the first IP address available to the IP Telephones The End IP Address should be the last IP address available to the IP Telephones 9 Define the subnet mask in one of two ways The number of bits of an IP address to use for the network subnet IDs The subnet mask IP address in dotted quad notation Enter only one of these values 10 Cli...

Page 410: ...ddress for a device expires and needs to be renewed by the device 14 Click Next The Configure DHCP Options dialog box is displayed You can add additional exclusion ranges later by right clicking on the Address Pool under the newly created scope and select the New Exclusion Range option 15 Click No I will activate this scope later The Router Default Gateway dialog box is displayed 16 For each route...

Page 411: ...in the string value field enter zzz zzz zzz zzz tftpserver yourco com 5 Also under the Available Options select 176 Site Specific Options 6 Click Add and then click Edit Array The IP Address Array Editor dialog box is displayed 7 Enter the IP Addresses for the TFTP Servers that support the IP Telephones 8 Click OK The Predefined Options and Values dialog box is displayed 9 Click OK The Predefined ...

Page 412: ...he filenames match the names in the upgrade script including case since some TFTP servers are case sensitive TFTP Generic Setup The following top level tasks are involved in setting up a TFTP server 1 Install the TFTP server software The section below describes how to configure Avaya s TFTP application 2 Configure the file path parameter to the directory where the files are to be stored For increa...

Page 413: ...ya TFTP manually every time you reboot your TFTP server 2 Select System Setup On the Outbound tab page 1 the Outbound path should be the TFTP file path 3 Select Enable Path 4 Under the Options tab select No Incoming 5 Under the Client Limits tab Set the Maximum Simultaneous Clients to infinite by dragging the slide bar all the way to the right 6 Place the 46xxupgrade scr file in the file path dire...

Page 414: ...DHCP TFTP 414 Avaya Application Solutions IP Telephony Deployment Guide ...

Page 415: ...ring Manager 219 Avaya IP Agent 127 Avaya IP Office 73 Avaya IP Softphone 125 Avaya IP Softphone for Pocket PC 128 features 129 Avaya Media Gateways 26 CMC1 26 G150 26 G250 26 G350 26 Avaya Media Gateways continued G650 26 G700 26 MCC1 26 MultiTech MultiVoIP 26 SCC1 26 Avaya Media Servers Linux based 25 Avaya P330 112 Avaya S8300 Media Server 33 Avaya S8700 Media Server 48 multi connect configurat...

Page 416: ...2 Windows 2000 408 Windows NT 4 0 404 Differentiated Services DiffServ 317 DiffServ 317 disaster recovery 253 remote survivability 254 S8700 server separation 253 E embedded messaging 39 G G350 Media Gateway 41 configurations 42 front panel buttons 44 functions and capacities 44 specifications 43 supported media modules 44 G700 hardware architecture 36 G700 Media Gateway Processor 38 Greenfield de...

Page 417: ...els 246 management applications Device Managers 222 Fault and Performance Manager FPM 217 HP OpenView Network Node Manager 224 management applications continued Integrated Management 216 Integrated Management Database IMD 217 monitoring management 218 Mutli Router Traffic Grapher 223 Network Configuration Manager 220 network management 219 Network Management Console and System View 219 Provisionin...

Page 418: ...9 Provisioning and Installation Manager PIM 221 QoS Manager 220 Secure Access Administration 220 SMON Manager 221 Software Update Manager 221 third party 223 VLAN Manager 221 Network Management Console and System View 219 network management models 224 network recovery 351 change control 351 convergence times 355 dial backup 354 layer 2 mechanisms 352 layer 3 mechanisms 353 networking 92 call routi...

Page 419: ...uit pack 198 security policy 187 toll fraud 200 security gateways 121 VPN concentrators 121 VPN service units 121 separation of bearer and signaling 96 SG208 122 signal levels 210 echo and signal levels 210 tone levels 211 SIP 100 Site Administration 218 SMON Manager 221 Softconsole 128 Software Update Manager 221 system management applications 216 system management applications Fault and Performa...

Page 420: ...virtual private network VPN 306 VLAN Manager 221 Voice Administration Manager 218 Voice Announcement over the LAN 39 voice quality 205 codecs 211 delay 205 echo 209 jitter 206 packet loss 207 signal levels 210 silence suppression VAD 213 transcoding tandeming 213 VoIP Monitoring Manager 219 VPN 282 306 VPN Client 123 VSU 121 X X330 WAN module 333 ...

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