43
PROBLEM
Fuel oil heats up too slowly, or doesn't heat
up at all.
Burner does not start when the minimum
preheating temperature for the fuel oil is
reached.
Burner does not start
Poor flame, with sparks
Poorly shaped flame with smoke and soot
Defective flame, pulsanting or detaching from
the combustion orifice
Corrosion inside the boiler
Soot at the mouth of the chimney
POSSIBLE CAUSE
1) Mains voltage too low
2) One or more heating coils burned out
3) Defective or mistaken electrical connections
4) Total heating coil power lower than nozzle
capacity requirements
1) Thermostats (boiler or room) or pressure
switches are open
2) Short - circuit photoresistance
1) No current, either main switch is open, or
meter circuit breaker open or mains failure
2) Thermostat line is not made according to
the diagram, or a thermostat is open
3) Breakdown inside the appliance
1) Fuel oil too cold
2) Atomozing pressure too low
3) Excess combustion - supporting air
4) Dirty or worn nozzle
5) Water in the fuel
1) Insufficient combustion - supporting air
2) Dirty or worn nozzle
3) Combustion chambre too small or of
unsuitable shape
4) Nozzle capacity too low with respect to
combustion chamber volume
5) Fuel oil temperature too low
6) Unsuitable or excessive refractory lining
7) Clogged chimney or boiler ducts
8) Low atomizing pressure
1) Too much draft (only if there is a chimney
fan)
2) Preheating temperature unsuitable for the
type of fuel oil employed
3) Dirty or worn nozzle
4) Water in the fuel oil
5) Dirty disk
6) Excess combustion - supporting air
7) Air passage between disk and orifice too
closed down
1) Boiler operating temperature too low (lower
than the dew point)
2) High percentage of sulphur in fuel oil
3) Fume temperature too low (below 180 °C)
1) Fumes cool down too much (below 180°C)
before reaching the stop, due to an
insufficiently insulated exterior chimney or
to infiltration of cold air
REMEDY
1) Speak with the electric Company
2) Replace
3) Check
4) Decrease flow rate, insofar as is possible
with the plant's heating requirements
1) Raise their settings, or wait until pressure
or temperaturevalues naturally decrease to
close them
2) Replace
1) Close switches or wait until power returns
2) Check connections and thermostats
3) Replace
1) Increase temperature using the preheater
control thermostat
2) Reset at proper value
3) Reduce combustion - supporting air
4) Clean or replace
5) Drain water from the preheating tank and
the mesh filter through the drain plugs.
Drain water, if necessary, from the fuel tank
as well, using a suitable pump (never use
the burner pump to do this)
1) Increase combustion - supporting air
2) Clean or replace
3) Change the shape or decrease the capacity
of the nozzle in function of the combustion
chamber, or replace the boiler
4) Replace the nozzle, increasing its capacity
5) Increase
6) Modify or decrease, in accordance with
boiler manufacturer instructions
7) Clean
8) Raise pressure to the proper value
1) Modify pulley diametrs to change fan speed
2) Increase or decrease
3) Clean or replace
4) Drain water from the preheating tank and
the mesh filter trough the drain plugs. Drain
water, if necessary, from the fuel tank as
well, using a suitable pump (never use the
burner pump to do this)
5) Clean
6) Reduce combustion - supporting air
7) Correct the position of the combustion head
regulation unit
1) Increase operating temperature
2) Change type of fuel oil
3) Replace nozzle, increasing nozzle capacity
1) Increase chimney insulation and eliminate
any openings where cold air can enter
INSTRUCTIONS FOR TROUBLE - SHOOTING AND REPAIRING
OPERATING PROBLEMS WITH HEAVY OIL BURNERS
