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Operation
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5 Operation
5.1 Direct and indirect sonication
Objects can be sonicated directly or indirectly in the ultrasound
bath.
Direct sonication
is the standard procedure. The objects to be
treated are introduced in the oscillating tank with suitable accesso-
ries, e.g. a basket. There they have direct contact with the sonica-
tion fluid.
Indirect sonication
is used in the following cases:
• Sonication of sample fluids,
• Use of chemically aggressive or flammable liquids,
• Use of demineralised water without additives,
• Removal of chemically aggressive contamination,
• Removal of stains, discolouration and rust using acidic prepara-
tions.
The objects or liquids to be sonicated are introduced in the contact
liquid in an inset beaker, for transfer of the ultrasound in the oscil-
lating tank. The contact liquid in the oscillating tank must contain a
surfactant preparation.
For suitable accessories for direct and indirect sonication, see chap-
5.2 Sonication fluid
A solution made from water and a special ultrasound agent is used
as the sonication fluid. Drinking water or demineralised water can
be used for the water.
Water without any additives is unsuitable for sonication. Use of
demineralised water without an ultrasound agent leads to
increased erosion of the ultrasonic oscillating tank.
The ultrasound agent used must foster cavitation and be biode-
gradable, easy to dispose of, material-compatible and long-lasting.
BANDELIN recommends ultrasound agents from the TICKOPUR,
TICKOMED and STAMMOPUR product ranges from DR. H. STAMM
GmbH.
