18
BULLETIN RC454
A GUIDE TO BURNING COAL IN YOUR FURNACE
Furnaces that are capable of burning coal usually will burn
both Bituminous and Anthracite coal. Anthracite is perhaps
the best coal fuel because of its long even burn time, high heat
output, and cleanliness which make it a good choice for the
home. However, keep in mind it is a much more difficult fuel to
use, requires more care and patience, is not so widely available,
and is usually much more expensive than Bituminous.
SIZE OF COAL:
Most sizes of Bituminous Coal will work in a coal furnace; for
best results we recommend large “nut” coal to small “egg” coal
(1-3/4” diameter to 4” diameter). When burning Anthracite,
use “egg” or “broken” with sizes between 2-5/16” thru 4-3/8”.
Note that it is important to the long life of your stove to buy
coal which has been sized and cleaned. Cleaning insures re
-
moval of rocks and other minerals. Never use coal smaller than
1” or larger than 5” in diameter. Small sized coal will smother
the fire. Too large a size of coal will not burn well.
STOVE OPERATION:
All coal fires should be started with wood which will allow the
fire to get hot enough to ignite the coal. The best ignition fires
utilize dry pine or other resinous soft woods as kindling, with
hard wood (oak, hickory, ash) added to increase the heat prior
to addition of the coal.
Before starting the fire, open the stove pipe damper (if
equipped), turn the thermostat to high, open the ash pit door
and feed door, place newspaper and finely split kindling on the
grate, light the paper, add larger hard wood after the kindling is
burning brightly. CAUTION: Never use gasoline, lantern fuel,
kerosene, charcoal lighter fluid, or other flammable liquids to
start or freshen up a fire in any heater. Place the larger pieces of
wood on the fire so that they are slightly separated and form a
level for the addition of coal. It will take 10 to 20 minutes before
this wood is thoroughly ignited. Adding coal too soon will cut
the air supply and smother the fire.
BURNING BITUMINOUS:
Once your kindling and wood fire has produced a bed of well
established coals, start adding coal in layers allowing each to
ignite before adding more. Bituminous has a high volatile con
-
tent and, as a result, should be fired with the “conical method”
- with the highest portion of your fire bed in the center of the
firebox. The first flames will be long and generally orange or
yellow and produce quite a bit of smoke. As the gases burn
off the flames become shorter, change color and produce less
smoke.
Once the fire is WELL ESTABLISHED add coal to the center of
the firebox forming the cone. Burning in this fashion allows heat
to drive off the volatile gases, and turbulence created increases
the burn efficiency. There will have to be some experimenting
with the individual setup as no two chimney’s or installations
are going to be the same. Just remember to allow enough air to
enter the firebox and keep the stove pipe damper open so that
volatiles are properly burned. Before refueling, take the time to
break up the cone a little with a poker, especially if it has caked
over or formed a crust. But, be careful not to mix the coal as
this increases the chances of forming clinkers. When shaking
the grate(s) be gentle. Just a few short movements - a couple of
“cranks” - is better than a lot of agitation. The objective is to
remove a small amount of the ashes without disturbing the fire.
Stop when you see a glow in the ashes or the first red coals fall
into the ash pan. Excessive shaking wastes fuel and can expose
the grate(s) to very high temperatures which can cause warp
-
age or burnout.
For overnight operation (long duration burn time) shake the
fire and add coal, retaining the center cone. Once the volatiles
are burned off, close the feed door and adjust the stove pipe
damper, if equipped. Then adjust the thermostat to the desired
heat level.
More MAINTENANCE will be needed with bituminous coal
than with anthracite coal as more soot will collect on heating
surfaces and in pipes, requiring more frequent cleaning.
ANTHRACITE:
Add a thin layer of coal (preferably smaller chunks) to the
wood fire, being careful not to disturb it too much or cut off
the draft. Then, add a second heavier layer after the coal is ig
-
nited and burning well. If necessary, add a third layer to bring
the coal up to the top of the front liner (not above!). Be sure to
close the ash door.
Before adding further fuel, be sure to leave a red spot of glow
-
ing coals in the center of the firebox to insure that the fire has
not been smothered and to help ignite the gases given off by
the new charge. A deep charge will give a more even heat and
a longer fire, but it may take one to two hours before the whole
bed is fully ignited.
When the fire is well established and the room is becoming
warm, partially close the dampers. Some experimenting will
have to take place with each particular setting of all dampers
and controls as the chimney provides the draft necessary to
not only exhaust the smoke, but to pull combustion air into the
heater as well - and no two chimney’s perform the same. Under
ideal draft conditions, one should be able to turn the secondary
air supply below the feed door (some models) to a near closed
position - but leave the ash pit damper at least partially open to
prevent the fire from going out. Adjust the stove pipe damper
to reduce the draft on the fire. With anthracite there will be
short blue flames above the coal, except when the fire is started
or a new charge is added. If, however, there is no flame then the
fire needs more air from the bottom (unless it is near the end of
its burn cycle and needs to be recharged).
Summary of Contents for SF747
Page 2: ...2...