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BULLETIN RC454

A GUIDE TO BURNING COAL IN YOUR FURNACE

Furnaces  that  are  capable  of  burning  coal  usually  will  burn 

both  Bituminous  and  Anthracite  coal.  Anthracite  is  perhaps 

the best coal fuel because of its long even burn time, high heat 

output, and cleanliness which make it a good choice for the 

home. However, keep in mind it is a much more difficult fuel to 

use, requires more care and patience, is not so widely available, 

and is usually much more expensive than Bituminous.

SIZE OF COAL:

Most sizes of Bituminous Coal will work in a coal furnace; for 

best results we recommend large “nut” coal to small “egg” coal 

(1-3/4” diameter to 4” diameter). When burning Anthracite, 

use “egg” or “broken” with sizes between 2-5/16” thru 4-3/8”. 

Note that it is important to the long life of your stove to buy 

coal which has been sized and cleaned. Cleaning insures re

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moval of rocks and other minerals. Never use coal smaller than 

1” or larger than 5” in diameter. Small sized coal will smother 

the fire. Too large a size of coal will not burn well.

STOVE OPERATION:

All coal fires should be started with wood which will allow the 

fire to get hot enough to ignite the coal. The best ignition fires 

utilize dry pine or other resinous soft woods as kindling, with 

hard wood (oak, hickory, ash) added to increase the heat prior 

to addition of the coal.
Before  starting  the  fire,    open  the  stove  pipe  damper  (if 

equipped), turn the thermostat to high, open the ash pit door 

and feed door, place newspaper and finely split kindling on the 

grate, light the paper, add larger hard wood after the kindling is 

burning brightly. CAUTION: Never use gasoline, lantern fuel, 

kerosene, charcoal lighter fluid, or other flammable liquids to 

start or freshen up a fire in any heater. Place the larger pieces of 

wood on the fire so that they are slightly separated and form a 

level for the addition of coal. It will take 10 to 20 minutes before 

this wood is thoroughly ignited. Adding coal too soon will cut 

the air supply and smother the fire.

BURNING BITUMINOUS:

Once your kindling and wood fire has produced a bed of well 

established coals, start adding coal in layers allowing each to 

ignite before adding more. Bituminous has a high volatile con

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tent and, as a result, should be fired with the “conical method” 

- with the highest portion of your fire bed in the center of the 

firebox. The first flames will be long and generally orange or 

yellow  and  produce  quite  a  bit  of  smoke.  As  the  gases  burn 

off the flames become shorter, change color and produce less 

smoke.
Once the fire is WELL ESTABLISHED add coal to the center of 

the firebox forming the cone. Burning in this fashion allows heat 

to drive off the volatile gases, and turbulence created increases 

the burn efficiency. There will have to be some experimenting 

with the individual setup as no two chimney’s or installations 

are going to be the same. Just remember to allow enough air to 

enter the firebox and keep the stove pipe damper open so that 

volatiles are properly burned. Before refueling, take the time to 

break up the cone a little with a poker, especially if it has caked 

over or formed a crust. But, be careful not to mix the coal as 

this increases the chances of forming clinkers. When shaking 

the grate(s) be gentle. Just a few short movements - a couple of 

“cranks”  - is better than a lot of agitation. The objective is to 

remove a small amount of the ashes without disturbing the fire. 

Stop when you see a glow in the ashes or the first red coals fall 

into the ash pan. Excessive shaking wastes fuel and can expose 

the grate(s) to very high temperatures which can cause warp

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age or burnout.
For overnight operation (long duration burn time) shake the 

fire and add coal, retaining the center cone. Once the volatiles 

are burned off, close the feed door and adjust the stove pipe 

damper, if equipped. Then adjust the thermostat to the desired 

heat level.
More MAINTENANCE will be needed with bituminous coal 

than with anthracite coal as more soot will collect on heating 

surfaces and in pipes, requiring more frequent cleaning.

ANTHRACITE:

Add  a  thin  layer  of  coal  (preferably  smaller  chunks)  to  the 

wood fire, being careful not to disturb it too much or cut off 

the draft. Then, add a second heavier layer after the coal is ig

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nited and burning well. If necessary, add a third layer to bring 

the coal up to the top of the front liner (not above!). Be sure to 

close the ash door.
Before adding further fuel, be sure to leave a red spot of glow

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ing coals in the center of the firebox to insure that the fire has 

not been smothered and to help ignite the gases given off by 

the new charge. A deep charge will give a more even heat and 

a longer fire, but it may take one to two hours before the whole 

bed is fully ignited.
When  the  fire  is  well  established  and  the  room  is  becoming 

warm,  partially  close  the  dampers.  Some  experimenting  will 

have to take place with each particular setting of all dampers 

and  controls  as  the  chimney  provides  the  draft  necessary  to 

not only exhaust the smoke, but to pull combustion air into the 

heater as well - and no two chimney’s perform the same. Under 

ideal draft conditions, one should be able to turn the secondary 

air supply below the feed door (some models) to a near closed 

position - but leave the ash pit damper at least partially open to 

prevent the fire from going out. Adjust the stove pipe damper 

to reduce the draft on the fire. With anthracite there will be 

short blue flames above the coal, except when the fire is started 

or a new charge is added. If, however, there is no flame then the 

fire needs more air from the bottom (unless it is near the end of 

its burn cycle and needs to be recharged).

Summary of Contents for SF747

Page 1: ...ce is not properly installed a house fire may result For your safety follow these installation instructions Contact local building or fire officials about restrictions and installation requirements in...

Page 2: ...2...

Page 3: ...se qAlternative Heat qMain Heat Source qDecoration qCost qOther _________________________ What was the determining factor for purchasing your new appliance _____________ I have read the owner s manual...

Page 4: ...4 Fold Here Fold Here United States Stove Company P O Box 151 South Pittsburg TN 37380 Fold Here PLACE STAMP HERE CUT HERE CUT HERE...

Page 5: ...ent and the chim ney to which the unit is attached The actual area that this unit will heat depends on factors such as the conditions of the building heat loss type of construction amount of insulatio...

Page 6: ...r bird screen should be in stalled on top of the chimney CREOSOTE FORMATION AND NEED FOR REMOVAL When wood is burned slowly it produces tar and other organic vapors which combine with expelled moistur...

Page 7: ...should never be reduced to a smaller size than flue opening on the furnace 5 The connector pipe should not block the flue of the chimney or extend into it in any way 6 A good airtight thimble should...

Page 8: ...er furnace per formance Failure to provide return air ducts of the specified size will void your warranty A filter should be installed in the cold air return Furnace filters should be checked and clea...

Page 9: ...ackets on the left side of the door frames as il lustrated The slots in the brackets and latches are for door seal adjust ment Make the proper adjustments then tighten the nuts The door s gasket shoul...

Page 10: ...ack The conduit as sembly should already be attached to the limit control otherwise do so then make the correct wiring connections to the limit control See wiring diagram 4 Next mount the junction box...

Page 11: ...he furnace Then mount and secure the draft blower to the adapter with the three 10 24 Kep nuts Plug the blower into the outlet on the front of the furnace 1 Draft Blower 1 Draft Blower Adapter 2 1 4 2...

Page 12: ...In normal shaking only rock the grates a small amount to sift ash through Do not agitate the fire bed too often This practice will waste coal If glowing coal is visible in the ash pan you have shaken...

Page 13: ...not recommended burning the furnace any more than necessary early in the fall and late spring as you cannot keep the firebox hot enough without overheating your home to burn gases Slow fires can cause...

Page 14: ...C Makesurechimneycapisnottooclosetothetopofthechimney D Check chimney draft make sure chimney flue pipe is clean and chimney is of adequate height E Makesureyou renotsuffocatingthefirewithexcessiveam...

Page 15: ...15 PARTS DIAGRAM 11 12 13 16 15 17 14 7 10 5 2 3 6 32 31 4 3 2 1 37 3 8 9 24 26 25 27 17 16 3 19 18 20 28 29 30 36 21 22 34 34 35 23 33...

Page 16: ...ng 22761 1 24 Smoke Curtain 23800 1 25 Smoke Door Clip 23787 2 26 Carriage Bolt 1 4 20 x 1 1 4 Long 83445 2 27 Kep Nut 1 4 20 83250 2 28 Cabinet Side Left 69676B 1 29 Insulation Side C98771 2 30 Insul...

Page 17: ...he coil with the appropriate fittings As mentioned earlier in this manual a cold air return and or filter box should be incorporated into your furnace installation A cold air re turn or filter box wil...

Page 18: ...cy There will have to be some experimenting with the individual setup as no two chimney s or installations are going to be the same Just remember to allow enough air to enter the firebox and keep the...

Page 19: ...llow the same procedure as for refueling If possible avoid shaking as a heavier layer of ash will help reduce the intensity of the fire during this time After loading let the fire establish itself for...

Page 20: ...ure reference When placing an order or for warranty claims please provide the following information found on the Certification Plate located below the ash door PART NUMBER PART DESCRIPTION MODEL NUMBE...

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