CAKEWALK PRO AUDIO User Manual Download

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7-5

Editing Audio

vibration as a function of time. For example, the waveform of the sound
of the plucked guitar string might look like this:

The waveform of a trumpet blast might look like this:

And the waveform of a spoken word might look like this:

The three waveforms shown above are quite different from one another,
both in appearance and sound. Each has its own characteristic shape, or

Summary of Contents for PRO AUDIO

Page 1: ...Cakewalk ProAudio User s Guide...

Page 2: ...ctronic or mechanical including photocopying and recording for any purpose without the express written permission of Twelve Tone Systems Inc Copyright 1999 Twelve Tone Systems Inc All rights reserved...

Page 3: ...Web Authoring 1 3 Film and Video Scoring and Production 1 3 Flexibility 1 3 Pro Audio Basics 1 3 Views 1 4 Working on a Project 1 12 Other Types of Files 1 12 Computers Sound and Music 1 13 MIDI 1 13...

Page 4: ...ng the Music 2 30 Adding the Announcer 2 31 Trimming the Announcer 2 32 Editing the Announcer 2 35 Making It Fit 2 36 Mixing the Radio Spot 2 37 Automating Your Mix 2 38 Saving the Project 2 39 3 Cont...

Page 5: ...ng Modes 4 9 Choosing a Source 4 11 Arming Tracks for Recording 4 14 Auto Arming 4 14 Recording Music from a MIDI Instrument 4 15 Virtual Piano 4 15 Recording Audio 4 16 Tuning an Instrument 4 19 Loop...

Page 6: ...29 Using the Tempo View 5 31 6 Editing Events and Controllers 6 1 The Piano Roll View 6 2 Note Pane 6 2 Controllers Pane 6 2 Track List Pane 6 2 Opening the View 6 3 Selecting and Editing Notes 6 3 W...

Page 7: ...Acoustics 7 2 Example A Guitar String 7 2 Waveforms 7 4 Recording a Sound 7 6 The Decibel Scale 7 7 Audio Events 7 8 Managing Audio Data 7 9 The Audio View 7 10 Basic Audio Editing 7 11 Editing Event...

Page 8: ...oard 8 8 Selecting Notes 8 9 Moving Copying and Deleting Notes on the Staff 8 9 Auditioning 8 11 Changing Note Properties 8 12 Deglitch Dialog 8 13 Working with Triplets 8 14 Beaming of Rests 8 15 Cha...

Page 9: ...s 8 42 Working with Lyrics 8 44 Adding and Editing Lyrics in the Staff View 8 45 Opening the Lyrics View 8 46 Adding and Editing Lyrics in the Lyrics View 8 46 9 Mixing and Effects Patching 9 1 The Co...

Page 10: ...Panel 11 28 Advanced Panel Design 11 31 Alias Formulas 11 31 Using Aliases for Track and Port Numbers 11 34 Hiding Clusters 11 34 Grouping Widgets 11 35 Widget Tips and Tricks 11 36 Tutorial Creating...

Page 11: ...re about Dump Request Macros 14 6 Name 14 6 Auto 14 6 Port 14 6 Edit Bytes 14 7 Delete 14 7 Load Bank and Save Bank 14 7 Transmitting Banks during Playback 14 8 Real time Recording of System Exclusive...

Page 12: ...Don t Hear Anything A 1 I Can t Record from My MIDI Instrument A 2 When I Play a File Containing Audio the Audio Portion Doesn t Play A 3 I Can t Record Any Audio A 4 The Music Is Playing Back with th...

Page 13: ...a Events D 2 Features Not Supported by MIDI Files D 2 Other MIDI File Handling Notes D 3 Special Handling of GM GS and XG MIDI Files D 3 If You Have Problems Playing MIDI Files D 4 If You Plan to Publ...

Page 14: ...r to Mute Solo or Arm Tracks G 3 More Reliable Clip Indicators G 3 Apply Audio Effects Button G 3 Pick Track Button Enhancement G 3 Record Mode Saves with Each Project G 3 Open Patch Browser Directly...

Page 15: ...tyle files in the Session Drummer H 9 Experiment with sounds H 9 Be creative H 9 Defining the Arrangement H 10 Looping Measures H 10 Adding Fills H 10 Regarding Tempos H 10 Quantizing H 10 Appendix I...

Page 16: ...xvi...

Page 17: ...ls that will give you some practical experience with Pro Audio and some exposure to many of its capabilities Chapters 3 through 9 cover all the basic skills you need to use Pro Audio to play record ed...

Page 18: ...Support page of our World Wide Web site www cakewalk com for updated technical information and answers to frequently asked questions Post messages to the Pro Audio user community using one of the Cake...

Page 19: ...k rapidly and ef ciently Pro Audio is more than an integrated MIDI and digital audio authoring software package it s an expandable platform that can function as the central nervous system of your reco...

Page 20: ...on and guitar tablature so you can adjust individual notes add performance markings and print individual parts or full scores You can graphically draw tempo and volume changes or add lyrics to display...

Page 21: ...ction so you can make the ne adjustments you need in record time In addition Pro Audio s new support for video les gives you convenient synchronized access to digitized video making lm and video scori...

Page 22: ...that you might want to keep for future use Each track is made up of one or many clips Clips are the pieces of sound and music that make up your tracks A clip might contain a horn solo a drum break a b...

Page 23: ...t track is always displayed in color or marked by a rectangle around one cell To change the current track move the highlight using the mouse or the keyboard as follows Key What it does Arrow Moves one...

Page 24: ...us of tracks or clips The Console View The Console view is the place where you mix the sounds on all the different tracks to create the nal mix of your project You use the Console view to adjust the l...

Page 25: ...a number of other views you can use to display and work on your project To display these views select one or more tracks and Click the icon for the view Choose the view you want from the View menu In...

Page 26: ...iew to display and edit MIDI velocity controllers and other types of information The Staff view displays the notes from one or more tracks using standard music notation similar to the way the notation...

Page 27: ...waves that make up one or more audio tracks of your project and provides tools to edit arrange and apply effects to audio events The Event List view displays the events in a project individually so t...

Page 28: ...rge resizable font that you can read more easily Markers To add move rename or delete labels for parts of your song that make it easier to move from one point to another Lyrics To add and display lyri...

Page 29: ...the layout with other projects See Layouts on page 12 2 Tool How you use it Zoom out Click to zoom out incrementally or press Shift and click to zoom all the way out Zoom in Click to zoom in incremen...

Page 30: ...ones on your tape deck or CD player As you work with a project you can use Pro Audio s mute and solo features to choose which tracks are played or you can create loops to play a particular section ove...

Page 31: ...e to play When your computer wants the keyboard to stop playing that note it sends another message that stops the note from playing The MIDI language has many other instructions such as messages to ch...

Page 32: ...000 to 20 000 vibrations per second Recording Digital Audio To record digital audio your computer monitors the electrical signal generated by a microphone an electric guitar or another source At equal...

Page 33: ...r register at our web site www cakewalk com To connect a MIDI keyboard to your computer you need to have a MIDI adapter cable One end of the cable should have two 5 pin DIN connectors that connect to...

Page 34: ...n jack on your electronic keyboard 2 The other 5 pin connector on the MIDI cable is labeled In Plug this connector into the MIDI Out jack on your electronic keyboard 3 Plug the 15 pin connector on the...

Page 35: ...Autorun is disabled double click on Setup exe in your CD directory 3 Click the Install Pro Audio button to start Cakewalk Setup 4 Follow the installation instructions displayed on the screen The setu...

Page 36: ...ng Then double click the icon to start Pro Audio Click the Start button point to Documents and choose a Pro Audio project from the menu Double click the Pro Audio program or any Pro Audio document fro...

Page 37: ...in Chapter 2 Watch the TECHniques video tutorials to see some of Pro Audio s features in action These tutorials are available on the Cakewalk Pro Audio CD and can be launched from the Autorun menu Whe...

Page 38: ...1 20...

Page 39: ...in this chapter will give you some hands on practice in playing recording and mixing your projects If you want to learn more about any topic you ll nd references to the appropriate part of the User s...

Page 40: ...s Fortunately one of your fellow performers is also a Pro Audio owner and has created a project le containing a portion of the song So on your off nights rather than practice your solo all by yourself...

Page 41: ...shooting for some troubleshooting tips Restarting the Song When Pro Audio gets to the end of the song it stops To play the song again do the following 1 Click the Rewind button or press W to go back t...

Page 42: ...keep an eye on the Now time The Big Time view displays the Now time in a large font so you can more easily see it from a distance To open this view choose View Big Time You can change the time format...

Page 43: ...e Loop Auto Shuttle toolbar If you don t see this toolbar choose View Toolbars and check Loop To loop over the entire song do the following 1 If the song is playing pause playback by clicking the Stop...

Page 44: ...repeatedly so you can practice an extended solo In either case you need to set the start and end times of the loop section Let s have Pro Audio loop over the section between markers C and D 5 Select t...

Page 45: ...e Markers dialog box select marker D and click OK 7 Click the Loop button to enable looping 8 Click Rewind The song rewinds to the Loop From time 9 Click Play A quicker way of selecting the loop times...

Page 46: ...en if there are tempo changes Pro Audio always multiplies the current tempo in the song by the tempo ratio to determine the playback tempo Muting and Soloing Tracks Muting a Track Frequently you will...

Page 47: ...hts up in the status bar whenever a track is soloed 1 In the Track pane click the track number the leftmost column of the Piano track The track is selected 2 While pressing Ctrl click the track number...

Page 48: ...ent instrument sounds plus several dozen percussion sounds Now you ll nd out how to get some of those other instruments into the act Let s try changing the instrument playing the piano line Changing t...

Page 49: ...tes which patch or instrument is used by this track Right now the Piano track uses the patch called Acoustic Grand Piano 5 To change the patch select a new patch from the drop down list Pro Audio imme...

Page 50: ...he sound card s internal synthesizer For instructions on connecting a keyboard to your computer see To Connect a MIDI Keyboard to Your Computer on page 1 16 For this tutorial we assume that you want t...

Page 51: ...omeone s vocal range make the song easier to play along with on your instrument or simply make an aesthetic adjustment Let s raise the pitch of the song by a fth With the song playing do the following...

Page 52: ...x also has an option for transposing by diatonic steps see Transposing on page 6 9 for more information To undo your transposition choose Edit Undo or press Ctrl Z If you want to transpose to a lower...

Page 53: ...data They can also be used to perform destructive or permanent editing For example let s raise the Bass track by an octave too In the Console view do the following 1 Click in the Sax track s Key colu...

Page 54: ...rts of the song while you played your solo Now that you ve had some time to practice you d like to record your solo with Pro Audio so you can play it and hear how you sound Pro Audio lets you record t...

Page 55: ...o quickly and accurately follows any tempo changes that happen in the song You can set up the metronome with the Metronome toolbar If you don t see the Metronome toolbar choose View Toolbars and selec...

Page 56: ...et other playback options such as the Tempo ratio to make your recording session easier 6 Deselect the Use MIDI Metronome option By disabling the Metronome During Record option you cause the metronome...

Page 57: ...counted in by the metronome then playback and recording will begin Go ahead and start playing When you finish recording click the Stop button or press the space bar If you ve played any notes a new c...

Page 58: ...to remove your rst take and try again do the following Alternatively you could record your next attempt on a new track That way you can keep all the takes and select the best one later or combine the...

Page 59: ...tting Up Looping First let s set up Pro Audio to loop over the section between markers A and B Setting Up the Tracks Now let s set up the rst of the tracks where the takes will be stored 1 Choose File...

Page 60: ...ur MIDI instrument instead by specifying the appropriate port and channel 1 Choose Realtime Record Options to display the Record Options dialog box 2 Choose the Store Takes in Separate Tracks option t...

Page 61: ...the track will be replaced with what you record When the punch ends the song will continue to play but recording will stop Let s try it Suppose you want to replace measures 5 and 6 in the take in tra...

Page 62: ...tal audio data in the project You should set this rate before recording any digital audio 11 Click Record Play along until you are past the punch end time then click Stop Replay your take to hear the...

Page 63: ...en the Console view and click the Arm button in your new audio track An audio meter will appear next to the track s volume fader 2 Perform as you would during recording Watch the meters respond to the...

Page 64: ...g 4 In the Transport toolbar click Record You ll hear two measures counted in by the metronome then playback and recording will begin Go ahead and perform When you finish recording click the Stop butt...

Page 65: ...MIDI instruments you can route their input into your sound card through a MIDI merger data that arrives on different MIDI channels can be routed to different tracks Likewise a typical sound card can...

Page 66: ...clients has an idea for a 20 second radio spot and has sent you a script and a project containing some raw material from which to start Your task is to nish the radio spot Opening the Project File Fir...

Page 67: ...ial we ll use the second option Script Your client has supplied the following script Music Announcer Edited Boston Rain From Cakewalk makers of the world s number one selling music and sound software...

Page 68: ...markers labeled Start and End 2 Select all the MIDI tracks 1 through 6 by dragging over the track numbers 3 Choose Edit Fit to Time to open the Fit to Time dialog box 4 For New Thru enter 00 00 20 00...

Page 69: ...e To Connect a Microphone to Your Computer on page 1 16 Setting Up the Announcer Track Let s create a new track for the announcer 1 Choose File Save As 2 In the File Name box type an unused file name...

Page 70: ...eaths and slide the segments around in time until they t Opening the Audio View We ll perform our editing work in the Audio view To set up the Audio view do the following 1 Make sure that the Announce...

Page 71: ...to display the ruler in SMPTE time 7 Click and drag the horizontal and vertical zoom controls as necessary to zoom out and in on the waveform 1 In the Audio view select the Scrub tool 2 Drag the horiz...

Page 72: ...ted This means that other items such as tempo changes and markers will not be deleted 8 Click OK 1 Select the Selection tool and then click on the announcer s audio event 2 While holding down the mous...

Page 73: ...may want to save your work before continuing 1 In the Audio view choose the Scrub tool 2 Find the beginning of the silence by clicking and dragging the mouse over the waveform 3 Right click and choos...

Page 74: ...while clicking on each 2 Right click on any of the events and select Combine from the pop up menu The events will combine into a single audio event If you overlapped any of the events when you moved t...

Page 75: ...t delay before your adjustments are audible At this point we are nearly nished all that s left is to balance the mix 1 If the Console view is not open choose View Console 2 Click the Module Manager bu...

Page 76: ...o group faders Automating Your Mix Finally you can record the movements and settings of the mix or automate them To do so 1 Right click on the fader for track 2 Piano 2 In the pop up menu choose Group...

Page 77: ...you would like to send your Pro Audio project to other people though you need to create a le containing all the project s data including the digital audio data Here are two ways to do it Saving the Pr...

Page 78: ...w that you ve covered the basics there s a lot you can learn simply by experimenting with the software Go ahead and try it out You can always use Undo if you make a mistake Use the on line help If you...

Page 79: ...ll control over the tempo or speed of playback which tracks are played which sound cards or other devices are used to produce the sound and what the tracks sound like In This Chapter The Now Time and...

Page 80: ...of times expressed in measure beat and tick MBT format The second time format is commonly referred to as the SMPTE time SMPTE is the acronym for the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers...

Page 81: ...oject 00 05 10 00 Five minutes and ten seconds from the beginning of the project 01 30 00 00 One hour and thirty minutes into the project 00 00 00 05 Five frames into the project To Change the Now Tim...

Page 82: ...s easier to see when you are far from your monitor for example when you re at your keyboard or another MIDI instrument or when several people need to read the Now time from a distance Here s how Note...

Page 83: ...ru F8 Sets the Now time to the Thru time the end time of the current selection Go Beginning Ctrl Home Sets the Now time to the beginning of the project Go End Ctrl End Sets the Now time to the end of...

Page 84: ...Your Gear Handling Stuck Notes Under MIDI the events that turn notes on are separate from the events that stop notes from playing Normally when you stop playback Pro Audio attempts to turn off all no...

Page 85: ...p a loop you do three things Set the start time of the loop Set the end time of the loop Enable looping That s all there is to it From then on Pro Audio will automatically jump back to the start of th...

Page 86: ...slightly differently when looping is in effect The rst time you rewind the Now time is set to the start of the loop If the Now time is already at the start of the loop Rewind takes you to the beginnin...

Page 87: ...Audio view to select a range of times then click in the Loop Auto Shuttle toolbar to copy the selection time to the loop time Type the loop start and end times directly into the toolbar Select a rang...

Page 88: ...You can change the status of a track in the Track view or in the Console view or by using commands on the Track menu Status What it means Normal The track is played as usual Mute The track is not pla...

Page 89: ...ver all tracks are saved without mute solo or archive indicators Silencing Tracks When a track is muted Pro Audio processes the track while playback is in progress so that you can unmute the track wit...

Page 90: ...any track is marked as a solo track Pro Audio ignores all mute settings and plays only the track or tracks that are set to solo Any number of tracks at one time can be marked as solo All these tracks...

Page 91: ...Unsolo Tracks To solo or unsolo a track click the Solo button in the Track or Console view To solo or unsolo several tracks at once select the tracks and choose Track Solo or select the tracks right...

Page 92: ...ange in velocity volume that will be applied to notes in this track on playback ranges from 127 to 127 3 27 Setting What it means See page Channel The MIDI channel through which the notes will be play...

Page 93: ...rd or backward until you reach the value you want For numeric elds you can press and hold both mouse buttons to change the value by increments of 10 12 a full octave for Key To do this Do this Change...

Page 94: ...ck Properties You can change the value of a track parameter for several tracks at once using commands on the Track Property menu For example to assign a group of tracks to the same output port select...

Page 95: ...card on your computer If your equipment setup also includes a MIDI keyboard attached to the MIDI port on your sound card you can choose to route MIDI data directly to the sound card or through the so...

Page 96: ...rd that presents itself to your computer as though it were several different devices one for each stereo pair In Pro Audio every audio device represents an output port You use the port setting to assi...

Page 97: ...on your computer sound card tracks 9 through 12 to your MIDI keyboard and tracks 13 through 16 to different audio outputs To Choose MIDI Devices 1 Choose Options MIDI Devices to display the MIDI Ports...

Page 98: ...me Pro Audio starts To Assign a Track to a Port 1 Move the highlight to the Port column of the track you want to assign 2 Press the or key until the port you want is displayed You can also change the...

Page 99: ...but have different bank and patch settings the patch of the highest numbered track will be used for all the tracks In some projects you want the sound played by a track to change while playback is in...

Page 100: ...ontaining specific text click the Patch Browser button to the right of the drop down lists or simply right click a Bank or Patch cell in the Track view or Console view 4 Click OK Another Way to Assign...

Page 101: ...t Adjusting Volume and Pan The Volume and Pan settings control the initial volume and pan of a track during playback Every time Pro Audio starts playback the Volume and Pan settings for the track are...

Page 102: ...it Other MIDI equipment including many electronic keyboards and synthesizers can accept information on several different MIDI channels at once Usually these devices use a different instrument sound f...

Page 103: ...views like the Piano Roll or Event List view you will see the original channel that is stored in the le You can edit the channel values in those views or use the Edit Interpolate command You can also...

Page 104: ...le MIDI range 0 127 the key number will be transposed to the lowest or highest octave within that range You can use the Key parameter to assist in preparing scores for instruments whose music is writt...

Page 105: ...y is also meaningful for digital audio tracks those that are assigned to an audio output port Every audio clip consists of one or more audio events Each audio event has an associated velocity a number...

Page 106: ...beats or measures Note that you cannot shift any event earlier than 1 01 000 For example if the rst event in the track starts at 2 01 000 you cannot shift its start time earlier by more than one meas...

Page 107: ...o change the time offset for more than one track at a time select the tracks you want to change and choose Track Property Time Option How it works Zero Controllers When Play Stops If this option is en...

Page 108: ...Audio for Distribution on page 9 29 To Load a Video File Into the Project 1 Choose Insert Video File or choose Insert from the Video view s pop up menu 2 Select a file 3 Check the Show File Info opti...

Page 109: ...n the Video view and choose an option from the Time Display Format menu To do this Do this Select a time format Choose MBT SMPTE Frames or None Change font or color Choose Font and select new font cha...

Page 110: ...u To Set the Start and Trim Times 1 Right click in the Video view and choose Video Properties 2 Set options as described in the table Option What it means Start Time The time in the project at which t...

Page 111: ...ard or mouse For more information on entering music using musical notation see Chapter 8 Working with Notation and Lyrics For more information on entering music using the Piano Roll view see The Piano...

Page 112: ...ncludes a set of templates you can use to create a new project These templates include common types of ensembles such as rock quartets jazz trios and classical full orchestra When you create a new pro...

Page 113: ...Meter Key Change command If you are creating a new project that will contain only audio material no MIDI material you do not need to set the time and key signatures The key signature controls how Pro...

Page 114: ...accents are placed How the Now time is displayed How the Staff view is drawn How grid lines are displayed in the Piano Roll view To Set the Meter and Key Signature 1 Display the View toolbar by choos...

Page 115: ...speaker or any note on a MIDI instrument By default Pro Audio uses a hi hat cymbal sound from a general MIDI drum kit for the metronome but you can change this setting to anything you like by changin...

Page 116: ...Press the space bar or click to stop recording 8 Press W or click to rewind to the beginning of the piece Your tempo and metronome settings are now ready When you save the project file the metronome a...

Page 117: ...ve an older computer or a slow hard drive you might be better off with a lower sampling rate Accent the first beat of each measure Check Accent First Beat Use the PC Speaker sound Check Use PC Speaker...

Page 118: ...easured in ticks or pulses per quarter note and is often abbreviated as PPQ The default resolution is 120PPQ which is accurate enough for most applications In this timebase each quarter note is repres...

Page 119: ...should start Start recording After you record you can use the Undo command to erase the most recently recorded material You can use the Redo command to restore the recording and toggle between Undo an...

Page 120: ...changed and all newly recorded material is stored in new clips While recording you will be able to hear material from existing clips Overwrite The new material replaces overwrites any existing materia...

Page 121: ...u want to record stereo audio in a single track The source for each track is displayed in the Source column of the Track window and at the bottom of each module in the Console window To Choose a Recor...

Page 122: ...al from all MIDI sources ports and instruments This means you don t have to worry about port channel or other MIDI settings Sometimes you may want to record different MIDI channels into different trac...

Page 123: ...oose a source from the Source list and click OK OR 1 Click in the Source column of the track you want to set 2 Press the or key until you reach the source you want To Choose a Source in the Console 1...

Page 124: ...ed Track checkbox This feature lets you start recording a new track simply by making it the current track and pressing R or clicking the Record button in the toolbar Auto arming makes it possible to i...

Page 125: ...may have a problem with MIDI input See Appendix A Troubleshooting for more information Virtual Piano Even if you don t have a real MIDI instrument you can still record MIDI in your projects using the...

Page 126: ...delay until existing material is muted due to buffering latency To enable full duplex operation on a sound card that supports it choose Options Audio and click Advanced and select Simultaneous Record...

Page 127: ...f the audio information is lost This is known as overload Many sound cards use clipping to deal with an overloaded signal but clipping can distort the audio signal As a result you should avoid letting...

Page 128: ...ews toolbar to display the Console view Meters will be displayed for the tracks that are armed 3 The default meter range is from 0 dB to 60 dB To change the range right click on the meter and choose a...

Page 129: ...g the soundcard you want to tune as a source 3 With your instrument plugged into your soundcard and turned up play a note The Tuner displays the intonation reading on the cents meter and the name of t...

Page 130: ...be recorded in Overwrite mode in a single track where each take overwrites the previous one Each clip can be recorded to a different track Pro Audio automatically places each take into a new empty tra...

Page 131: ...choose either Sound on Sound or Overwrite mode 6 Set the Now time to the point in the project where you want to start recording 7 Click press R or choose Realtime Record If your metronome count in is...

Page 132: ...recorded That way you don t have to worry about introducing new mistakes elsewhere in the recording When you use punch recording Pro Audio deletes any material between the start and end times of the...

Page 133: ...ose the source for the track s you want to record and arm the track s for recording 2 Select Auto Punch from the Record Mode drop down list in the Record toolbar 3 Set the start and end times in one o...

Page 134: ...xt step To Use Punch While Looping 1 Choose the source for the track s you want to record and arm the track s for recording 2 Set the loop start and end times 3 Set the punch start and end times as de...

Page 135: ...input stops For example if you press the three keys that make up a C major chord as soon as you release all three keys Pro Audio automatically advances to the next step This makes it very easy to reco...

Page 136: ...y notes you have recorded at the current step To Use Step Recording 1 Choose the source for the track s you want to record 2 Set the Now time to the point in the project where you want to start record...

Page 137: ...u de ne a pattern that indicates where the rests appear in the pattern Pro Audio will then skip over the rests automatically so you don t need to click the Advance button at all Pro Audio displays pat...

Page 138: ...aterial from different MIDI channels into different tracks You can even group some of the channels or record some channels in several different tracks at once To Use Pattern Based Step Recording 1 Cho...

Page 139: ...rack The Track Sources dialog box is used to set individual MIDI channels or groups of channels as the source for one or more tracks Once you have set speci c channels as the source for a track you ca...

Page 140: ...from the wave le does not match the sampling rate in your project then it will be converted to the current project s sampling rate To Insert a Wave File 1 Set the Now time and current track to indica...

Page 141: ...ng Importing MIDI Files You can create a new Pro Audio project from a MIDI le simply by opening the le Pro Audio takes material from the le and places it into one or more tracks in the Track view For...

Page 142: ...roject 1 Open the MIDI file as a new separate project 2 Choose Edit Select All 3 Choose Edit Copy to display the Copy dialog box 4 Make sure that Events in Tracks is checked and click OK 5 Open the ta...

Page 143: ...of myproject wrk If there is a power failure or if you make a signi cant mistake you can recover the last saved version of your project by opening this le You should then save your song under a diffe...

Page 144: ...you entered Title The title for your song prints automatically at the top of a Staff view printout Subtitle For a subtitle or dedication prints directly below the title in a Staff view printout Instr...

Page 145: ...he le it will not be automatically displayed the next time the le is opened Although you cannot use Edit menu commands while working in the File Info window standard Windows hot keys like Ctrl X Ctrl...

Page 146: ...s like key and channel aftertouch By default Pro Audio records all types of events except these two You can use message type ltering to record short System Exclusive Sysx messages in real time These w...

Page 147: ...ter Event Types 1 Choose Options Global and click the MIDI tab 2 Check the message types you want recorded 3 Click OK From now on Pro Audio records only the types of events you have chosen To Filter b...

Page 148: ...mber of the output port connected to your synthesizer Pro Audio will then refrain from sending MIDI echo data to that port In this con guration you may need to turn your synthesizer s volume control u...

Page 149: ...rom the Effects column Markers provide easy to use reference points and labels for the different parts of your project and the snap grid makes it easy to align your clips to the desired time points Pr...

Page 150: ...or changing the patch is an easy way to double a part You can also copy and then transpose a track to add harmony Erase or delete a track Tracks and clips that you are no longer using in your project...

Page 151: ...nge the order of tracks they are automatically assigned sequential numbers based on the order in which they are displayed in the Track view To Drag a Track to a New Position 1 Position the mouse over...

Page 152: ...h to sort from the Sort By list 3 Choose the order in which to sort from the Order list 4 Click OK Pro Audio sorts the tracks according to the settings you chose To Insert a Blank Track 1 Move the hig...

Page 153: ...iest is to select the clips or portions of clips you want to arrange and then drag and drop them wherever you want You can drag and drop clips in the Track view even while playback is in progress You...

Page 154: ...n the clip The effect is slightly different for MIDI and audio information as shown below Minimum Clip Width You can specify a minimum clip size in ticks so that even the smallest clips are visible fo...

Page 155: ...ns from the menu 2 Check the Display Clip Names option to show clip names or leave it unchecked to hide them 3 Check the Display Clip Contents option to show clip contents or leave it unchecked to hid...

Page 156: ...ialog box 4 Click OK Pro Audio changes the color of the selected clips To do this Do this Select a single clip Click on the clip in the Track view Select several clips at once Drag a rectangle around...

Page 157: ...e placed into a new clip that overlaps with the existing clip This is the same effect as sound on sound recording Replace Old with New Events in the copied or moved clip are placed into a new clip and...

Page 158: ...Audio also lets you move and copy clips between projects To Move Clips Using Drag and Drop 1 Select the clips you want to move 2 If you want to move the clips by an exact amount of time enable the Sna...

Page 159: ...io cuts the clips from the project and places them on the Windows clipboard 4 Click in the Track pane to set the current track to be the one where clips should be pasted 5 Set the Now time to be the t...

Page 160: ...n A rectangle is displayed around the selected clips 6 Drag the clips to the new location and release the mouse button 7 If necessary choose the options you want from the Drag and Drop Options dialog...

Page 161: ...ning and Using the Snap Grid on page 5 15 When you move delete or copy partial clips you must choose one other option as shown in the following table To Delete Clips 1 Select the clips you want to del...

Page 162: ...rtions of clips using all the normal editing commands To Select Partial Clips Using Time Ranges and Tracks 1 Select a range of time in one of the following ways Drag the mouse in the time ruler Click...

Page 163: ...ther how they align with measure boundaries and when they start and end Defining and Using the Snap Grid Pro Audio lets you de ne a snap grid that makes it easier to arrange clips and select time rang...

Page 164: ...PQ the snap interval will be changed to 60 The snap grid in each view is independent For example you can enable the snap grid in the Track view without enabling it in the Piano Roll Audio or Staff vie...

Page 165: ...and delete markers You can press F11 while playback is in progress to add a marker on the y The time associated with a marker can be expressed in musical time or as a locked SMPTE time If a marker ha...

Page 166: ...rker and either use the Now time or enter a different time When you add a marker on the y the marker is named automatically and assigned the Now time Using the Markers view you can edit the names and...

Page 167: ...hoose a marker in the Markers view and click Pro Audio displays the Marker dialog box 2 Change the marker name time or other settings as desired 3 Click OK Pro Audio updates the marker in the time rul...

Page 168: ...or previous marker Choose Go Next Marker or Go Previous Marker to jump to the next or previous marker To Move a Marker Drag the marker in the time ruler Pro Audio updates the marker time and shows it...

Page 169: ...ked clips Linked clips always have the same contents name and display color Any change you make to one of the clips will automatically apply to all of them Any number of clips may be linked with each...

Page 170: ...layed around the selected clips 8 Drag the clips to their new location and release the mouse button 9 If necessary confirm the options in the Drag and Drop Options dialog box and click OK Pro Audio cr...

Page 171: ...multiple copies by pasting multiple repetitions all copies of the clip will be linked together To Unlink Linked Clips 1 In the Track view select the clips you want to unlink 2 Right click on any sele...

Page 172: ...ts selected clips at a specific point in time By default the split occurs at the Now time but you can choose any time you want Split Repeatedly Splits selected clips at regular intervals beginning at...

Page 173: ...Split dialog box 3 Choose the Split option you want to use and enter the settings you want to use 4 Click OK Pro Audio splits the selected clips according to your instructions To Combine Clips 1 Sele...

Page 174: ...of Tempos commands By drawing tempo changes graphically in the Tempo view Inserting tempo changes in the Tempo view s Tempo List pane To Add Effects in the Track View 1 Double click the Effects colum...

Page 175: ...hout altering the voice over If you re trying to modify the speed of some MIDI tracks to match a sampled drum groove you want to leave the audio unchanged When you insert a tempo change using a dialog...

Page 176: ...empo toolbar 2 Type a new value or use the spinners to change the tempo value Pro Audio changes the current tempo to the desired value If Stretch Audio is enabled after a second delay Pro Audio shrink...

Page 177: ...the tempo you want for some portion of a project To Insert a Tempo Change 1 Click in the toolbar or choose Insert Tempo Change to display the Tempo dialog box 2 Check the Insert a New Tempo box 3 Ent...

Page 178: ...ries of tempo changes that change smoothly between the starting and ending time This command never inserts more than one tempo change on the same clock tick To Modify the Most Recent Tempo Change 1 Ch...

Page 179: ...empo the graph shows a straight horizontal line and a single tempo in the list The button in the toolbar determines whether or not audio will be modi ed If the button is depressed audio will be stretc...

Page 180: ...a new tempo change Delete Tempo Delete a tempo change Tempo Properties Edit a tempo change To Insert a Tempo Change in the Graph 1 Select the tool or the tool 2 Click in the graph at any desired time...

Page 181: ...the list 2 Click Insert Tempo to open the Tempo dialog box 3 Set the tempo time and other properties 4 Click OK Pro Audio inserts the new tempo into the list To Edit a Tempo Change 1 Select the tempo...

Page 182: ...5 34...

Page 183: ...events and modify the tempos and dynamics of your songs The Event List view lets you see and modify every detail of your project Finally you can apply a variety of effects and lters to enhance your M...

Page 184: ...nsists of the Note pane the Controllers pane and the Track List pane Note Pane In this pane you can add edit and delete notes from a track or tracks Controllers Pane In this pane you can edit controll...

Page 185: ...formation on this feature see Chapter 5 De ning and Using the Snap Grid Selecting and Editing Notes The Piano Roll view is a very convenient place to select edit and copy notes within a track or track...

Page 186: ...Select a single note Click on the note Select several notes at once Drag a rectangle around the notes you want to select Add to the selection Hold the Shift key while selecting notes Toggle the select...

Page 187: ...e you can move notes only to quarter note boundaries and you can increase or decrease the duration only by quarter notes If the snap grid is set to Move By notes can only be moved by multiples of the...

Page 188: ...e duration 2 Press and hold the left mouse button in the Piano Roll view Pro Audio adds a new note 3 Drag the note to the desired location 4 Release the left mouse button To Erase a Note 1 Click or pr...

Page 189: ...a track up or down by clicking and holding on the track in the Layers pane and moving the track to the desired position All tracks ending in the same digit 2 12 22 etc share the same color The defaul...

Page 190: ...ime Stretch or shrink material to a different length Reverse the notes in a clip to create new arrangements Modify the note velocities The following sections describe these editing commands and how to...

Page 191: ...tep an E becomes an F up a half step and so on Diatonic transposition assures you that the transposed notes t with the original key signature As an option you can choose to transpose selected audio cl...

Page 192: ...icks seconds or frames into a project You can insert the blank measures or other period of time into all tracks or into one or more selected tracks If you insert the blank time into the entire project...

Page 193: ...sures into a Project 1 Press the 5 key on the numeric keypad Num Lock must be off or select Edit Select None to make sure that no track or time range is selected 2 Select the range of time you want to...

Page 194: ...roject to have an exact length The start time of the selection does not change but the end time is altered as necessary to t the required time interval Both of these commands offer the option to stret...

Page 195: ...nal length or expanded to as much as 400 percent of its original length You can also use the Edit Length command to alter only the start times or the durations of notes For example changing the durati...

Page 196: ...dit Audio Reverse command to reverse audio events To Stretch or Shrink to a Specific Length 1 Select the events you want to change 2 Choose Edit Fit to Time to display the Fit to Time dialog box 3 Ent...

Page 197: ...velocity values are modi ed by the designated percentage You can also edit note velocities in the Controllers pane of the Piano Roll view which lets you draw shapes other than straight line changes F...

Page 198: ...some notes slightly before or after the beat or to hold some notes slightly longer than you intended The Quantize commands can help to correct these types of timing mistakes Pro Audio has two differen...

Page 199: ...the grid earlier or later by any desired number of clock ticks If the resolution is a quarter note and you ve set the offset to 3 ticks then a note that is originally near 1 01 000 would be moved to...

Page 200: ...wanted rests Swing Many songs do not have notes positioned on a perfectly even time grid For example songs with a swing feel though they may be written entirely in eighth notes are often played more l...

Page 201: ...tize commands to only notes lyrics and audio events If you choose this option Pro Audio will not modify other events like controllers Option How it works Do Not Change Notes outside the window are not...

Page 202: ...ock ticks Change Check the event types and characteristics you want to change Options Enter values for Strength Swing Window and Offset 4 Click Audition if you want to hear how the quantization will s...

Page 203: ...following fields to configure your pattern Setting What to do Resolution Choose a note size or enter the number of clock ticks Window Sensitivity Enter the window sensitivity value percentage If Outsi...

Page 204: ...can add groove patterns to these les from the Windows clipboard edit existing patterns or delete patterns you do not want to keep There is no limit to the number of groove patterns that can be stored...

Page 205: ...ze command with the clipboard as the Groove File To Save a Groove Pattern 1 Select the music that defines the groove using any of the selection tools and commands 2 Choose Edit Copy to place the music...

Page 206: ...rn name or choose an existing pattern to replace 6 Click OK 7 If you are replacing a groove verify that you want to delete the existing version 8 Click Close when you are done to return to the Groove...

Page 207: ...ce choose a resolution value roughly on the order of the duration of the bass notes and a window of 100 percent Pro Audio aligns the melody note events with the nearest bass notes Synchronizing rhythm...

Page 208: ...map for best results To use this command you must record a reference track containing a single clip that matches your original track or tracks but has only a single note on each beat boundary You sho...

Page 209: ...nce track into a single clip 4 Choose Edit Fit Improvisation Pro Audio adds tempo changes as necessary to fit the tempo grid to the reference track When you re done you should mute the reference track...

Page 210: ...t fall within the designated time range Sometimes you need ner control over which events are selected For example you might want to Select the notes that are played in a certain octave so you can copy...

Page 211: ...vent type Has these parameters Note Pitch velocity and duration Key Aftertouch Pitch and pressure value Controller Controller number and value xRPN xRPN number and value Patch Change Bank and patch nu...

Page 212: ...any place in the event lter where you would normally enter a pitch string you can also enter the pitch by pressing a key on your MIDI keyboard Also you can use the question mark in place of the octave...

Page 213: ...nce you change the selection in any way for example by clicking on a track number or by clicking in the time ruler the effects of the event lter are erased If you want to use the lter you must choose...

Page 214: ...d the replacement ranges This permits transposition inversion key signature changes and other operations to be accomplished with this one simple command To Select Events Using the Event Filter 1 First...

Page 215: ...and can be used on any type of event Parameter Search range Replacement range Effect Pitch key From C2 to C4 From C4 to C6 Transposes all notes in the search range up two octaves Pitch From E2 to E2 F...

Page 216: ...the most exibility You can examine the controllers in graphical form and edit them even while recording or playback is in progress This means you can loop over a portion of your project and hear any c...

Page 217: ...nstruments use controllers in different ways Pro Audio lets you use instrument de nitions to de ne the names that go with each controller number For more information on instrument de nitions see Chapt...

Page 218: ...MIDI key aftertouch KeyAft values Remember that note velocity is an attribute of each note and not a completely separate event You cannot add or remove velocity events in the Controllers pane but you...

Page 219: ...speci c You can zoom in and out on the Controllers pane using the zoom and unzoom buttons on the toolbar To zoom all the way in or out in a single step hold the Shift key while you click on the tool S...

Page 220: ...king the value change by one on each tick Bigger jumps may sound very gradual if the tempo is fast Also many devices round off the controller values For example many instruments respond to volume cont...

Page 221: ...lists RPN or NRPN data Choose RPN or NRPN from the first drop down list in the toolbar choose which RPN or NRPN you want from the second drop down list and choose the channel from the third drop down...

Page 222: ...a line in the Controllers pane from the starting time and value to the ending time and value Pro Audio adds a series of controllers and erases any existing controller values in the same time interval...

Page 223: ...OK when you are done Pro Audio inserts a series of controller events with values that change smoothly over time from the starting to the ending value indicated in the dialog box This command never ins...

Page 224: ...the selected tracks are listed one per line from top to bottom As you move the highlight through the event list Pro Audio updates the Now marker time display During playback the event list scrolls to...

Page 225: ...All share the following parameters The time of the event displayed in SMPTE hours minutes seconds frames format The time of the event displayed in MBT measures beats ticks format The event type or ki...

Page 226: ...Insert a Bank Patch Change on page 3 22 RPN Registered Parameter Number Parameter number 0 16383 parameter value 0 16383 MIDI channel 1 16 NRPN Non registered Parameter Number Parameter number 0 1638...

Page 227: ...cell you want to change and doing one of the following Type a new value and then press Enter Press the and keys on the numeric keypad to decrease or increase values by a small amount Press the and ke...

Page 228: ...ss Insert or click Pro Audio makes a copy of the highlighted event 3 Edit the event kind as necessary 4 Edit the event time and other parameter values as required If the Event List is initially empty...

Page 229: ...e name list the name of the percussion To Print the Event List 1 Choose File Print Preview to display a preview of the printed event listing 2 Click the Zoom button or just click the page to zoom in a...

Page 230: ...are some examples While MCI commands can be used to play wave les these les are played at their normal speed and are not necessarily synchronized with MIDI or other audio data By contrast wave audio e...

Page 231: ...ult choose Edit Undo before doing any additional work MIDI effects can be applied to whole or partial clips For example you can apply an echo to just one note MIDI effects can also be applied to MIDI...

Page 232: ...eaning Start Times Quantize event start times Durations Quantize event durations Resolution The spacing of the grid used for quantization Tuplet Specify the resolution as a tuplet note for example 5 n...

Page 233: ...ge of the quantization resolution To Quantize MIDI Data 1 Select the data to be affected 2 Choose MIDI Effects Quantize from the Edit menu or from the pop up menu to open the Quantize dialog box 3 Set...

Page 234: ...oduce distortion of the timing grid For more information about swing see Swing on page 6 18 Transpose Steps The number of steps to transpose each echo note from the previous You can specify a Diatonic...

Page 235: ...he disposition of the notes you play to specify the arpeggio Checked plays the original notes Unchecked filters out the original notes Specify output range The range over which the arpeggio plays Chec...

Page 236: ...e parameter To clear the display press the Clear button To Apply the Arpeggiator to MIDI Data 1 Select the data to be affected 2 Choose MIDI Effects Cakewalk FX Arpeggiator from the Edit menu or from...

Page 237: ...es a smooth velocity change across the selection Change gradually from X to Y Scales velocities by a gradually changing factor Limit range from X to Y Brings all velocities into the specified range Ra...

Page 238: ...steps for the transposition For Diatonic Transposition the number of scale degrees for the transposition For Key Scale transposition a number of octaves added to each note after transposition Key For...

Page 239: ...d 2 Choose MIDI Effects Cakewalk FX Transpose from the Edit menu or from the pop up menu to open the Transpose dialog box 3 Set the transposition options as described in the table above 4 Click OK Pro...

Page 240: ...6 58...

Page 241: ...hniques apply An important difference is that the Track view shows audio clips which may contain one or more events while the Audio view shows each event individually Most of the audio processing comm...

Page 242: ...s not fast enough or strong enough we won t hear it But if the vibration occurs at least twenty times a second and the molecules in the air are moved enough then we will hear sound Example A Guitar St...

Page 243: ...rate and send out electrical signals In order for us humans to hear the sound the frequency of the vibration must be at least 20 Hz The highest frequency sound we can hear is theoretically 20 kHz but...

Page 244: ...sound we perceive when a guitar is played because it enhances or ampli es some of the vibrations produced by the string and diminishes or attenuates others The ultimate effect of all the vibrations oc...

Page 245: ...he plucked guitar string might look like this The waveform of a trumpet blast might look like this And the waveform of a spoken word might look like this The three waveforms shown above are quite diff...

Page 246: ...aveform in each vibration is also important it determines the strength of the vibration and thus the loudness of the sound Recording a Sound To record digital audio your computer monitors the electric...

Page 247: ...nput signal level to amplitude value is determined by your audio hardware and by the position of your input level control What if the amplitude of the sampled signal gets too high such that a 16 bit n...

Page 248: ...event An audio event contains a long series of numbers or samples representing the uctuating amplitude of a waveform Audio events are typically quite large hundreds of kilobytes to many megabytes in...

Page 249: ...output signal will be distorted To correct the problem you can reduce the velocity parameter of loud audio events or reduce the track volume in the Console view Managing Audio Data Because of the grea...

Page 250: ...dio from the menu Double click on an audio clip in the Clips pane Double click an audio event in the Event List view You can always change the tracks that are displayed click the Pick Tracks button an...

Page 251: ...ler units rounded to the nearest snap unit The Y coordinate can be a percentage the current waveform amplitude in dB or samples Ruler Units Like the rulers in other views the Audio view ruler can disp...

Page 252: ...copy paste quantize etc and obeys the snap setting A red triangle along the bottom border of the event indicates the anchor The term velocity is borrowed from MIDI where it indicates the speed with w...

Page 253: ...factor during playback To Change an Audio Event s Name 1 Position the pointer over the left portion of the name the pointer changes to an I beam then click 2 Type a new name and press Enter Press Esc...

Page 254: ...n the event To Change an Event s Time 1 Right click an audio event and choose Event Properties 2 Enter a new starting time in either the Time box MBT or the Sample box samples since the start of the p...

Page 255: ...se operations are described in the following table To do this Do this Create a new envelope Right click the event and choose Envelope Create Volume or Envelope Create Pan Delete an envelope Right clic...

Page 256: ...nts You can split long audio events into shorter ones This lets you extract and rearrange individual sounds adjust timing and alignment and apply effects selectively Audio events can be split with the...

Page 257: ...ck the event at the first time then drag a rectangle to the second time When you use the Scissors Pro Audio adjusts split times to the nearest snap to unit To Split Events with the Split Command 1 Sel...

Page 258: ...raw tool lets you draw a linear envelope around a waveform in order to apply a fade to an audio event You can apply more complex fades and crossfades to audio events with the Fade Envelope and Crossfa...

Page 259: ...In the rst picture for example the envelope starts at 100 percent at the left and fades to 0 percent silence at the right In the second picture the envelope starts at 0 percent and swells to 100 perc...

Page 260: ...certain frequencies Among the basic audio processing commands are 5 Release the mouse button to apply the envelope Press Shift when making your initial click or while dragging to snap to the nearest...

Page 261: ...cessed audio data When you click Audition Pro Audio processes the rst few seconds of your data then plays it repeatedly until you click Stop This helps you to get an idea of whether the settings in th...

Page 262: ...B Louder raise the noise oor that is while they increase the volume of the signal they also amplify the noise it contains This is true when you raise the volume by other means too 3dB Louder if applie...

Page 263: ...Louder or right click and choose 3dB Louder from the menu Pro Audio increases the volume of the selected audio by 3 dB To Decrease Audio Volume by Three Decibels 1 Select the audio data to be affected...

Page 264: ...pping or distortion If this occurs you may need to undo the command then decrease the volume one or more times with the 3dB Quieter command before equalization To Reverse Audio Data 1 Select the audio...

Page 265: ...e digital output port this results in cleaner audio playback Remove Silence is great for cleaning up your nal audio mix because it can mute all audio tracks in which the live performers were laying ou...

Page 266: ...ck time the beginnings of words might be clipped Hold Time ms The minimum time for the gate to stay open Hold Time is useful when you ve set high open and close levels for example when your source sig...

Page 267: ...example using Extract Timing you can Generate MIDI notes that play along with a rhythm retaining all the accents in the rhythm track Create templates for the Edit Groove Quantize command so that your...

Page 268: ...Synthesis parameters to determine how the pulses are converted to musically meaningful data Parameter Option Meaning Trigger Level dB The loudness of audio needed to trigger a new pulse Minimum Lengt...

Page 269: ...r to also set the Expected Pulse Duration because it defines the metronome markings for all tempo changes Expected Pulse Duration The musical time value for each pulse that was found For example if yo...

Page 270: ...s parameters as described in the table above 4 Click Audition to get visual feedback in the Audio view so you can be sure the pulses are aligned to your liking If not re adjust the parameters and try...

Page 271: ...ack 1 Select the audio events containing the rhythm track 2 Choose the Edit Audio Extract Timing and adjust the pulse analysis parameters 3 Once you re satisfied with the result check the Convert Puls...

Page 272: ...n the selected audio material Threshold A percentage value indicating how strongly pitched each grain of audio must be before it is considered to have pitch Lowering the threshold will allow less stro...

Page 273: ...Detection from the menu to open the Pitch Detection dialog box 3 Set the Pitch Detection parameters as described in the table above 4 Click OK The generated MIDI events are placed in the destination t...

Page 274: ...Setting the gain too high may result in clipping or distortion To Apply the Parametric Equalizer to Audio Data 1 Select the audio data to be affected 2 Choose Edit Audio Parametric EQ or right click...

Page 275: ...te points to change the shape of the curve The second command Crossfade lets you create a smooth transition from one audio event to another by fading two overlapping audio events simultaneously one fa...

Page 276: ...the selected audio data To Crossfade Two Overlapping Events 1 Select two overlapping audio events They need not be on the same track but they must overlap in time for the command to have any effect 2...

Page 277: ...effect Click OK to apply the effect to the selected audio data If you re not happy with the result choose the Edit Undo command before doing any additional audio processing Note that the Bypass button...

Page 278: ...the stereo output of the plug in is placed into this stereo track If the plug in produces only mono output Pro Audio automatically converts it to stereo If you check Keep Original Data Pro Audio won...

Page 279: ...the gain or attenuation at each frequency If the curve is above the horizontal center line parts of the signal at that frequency will be boosted if the curve is below the center line the signal will b...

Page 280: ...he tracks to create a richer stereo effect The parameters used to specify the chorus effect are as follows To Apply the Parametric Equalizer to Audio Data 1 Select the audio data to be affected 2 Choo...

Page 281: ...cken the chorusing Right Feedback The amount of the processed signal on the right channel fed back through the effect Cross Feedback The amount of the processed signal on each channel fed back through...

Page 282: ...akewalk FX Delay from the Edit menu or from the pop up menu to open the Cakewalk FX Delay dialog box 3 Set the parameters in the dialog as described in the table in the Adding Chorus section above 4 C...

Page 283: ...se Echo No Echo The density of early reflections Early reflections are the first echoes you hear in a room and help recreate the sound of large spaces like churches and concert halls Sparse reflection...

Page 284: ...itones Dry Mix The volume of the original unprocessed signal passed to the output Wet Mix The volume of the processed signal passed to the output Feedback Mix The amount of pitch shifted signal that i...

Page 285: ...of the audio event as a percentage of the length of the original event Pitch The amount by which the pitch is changed in semitones Source Material The type of audio data Selecting an option sets recom...

Page 286: ...1 Select the audio data to be affected 2 Choose Audio Effects Cakewalk FX Time Pitch Stretch from the Edit menu or from the pop up menu to open the Cakewalk FX Time Pitch Stretch dialog box 3 Set the...

Page 287: ...ames guitar chord grids expression marks hairpin symbols pedal marks and lyrics And you can print professional quality notation of a complete arrangement or individual parts with up to 24 staves per p...

Page 288: ...is may be the most familiar and comfortable view in which to work The Staff pane provides many features that make it easy for you to compose edit and print music For guitar players who are new to musi...

Page 289: ...pane and choose Staff from the menu You can always change the tracks that are displayed click the Pick Tracks button and select the tracks you want You can display one or more tracks The Staff view l...

Page 290: ...nto a treble staff notes below the split are placed into a bass staff A wide variety of editing options for notes layout and MIDI effects are available from the Staff Pane Right Click menu Percussion...

Page 291: ...See Stretching and Shrinking Events on page 6 12 for more information Fit Improvisation See Fit Improvisation on page 6 26 To Change the Staff Pane Layout 1 Click the Staff View Layout button to open...

Page 292: ...Track view See Arranging Clips on page 5 5 for information about setting clip properties To turn the display of the Fretboard on or off click Fretboard Popup Menu When you right click the Fretboard in...

Page 293: ...ight of the notehead buttons let you select dotted note or triplet modi ers The Ctrl Right Left Arrow command pages you through the track sounding each note as the cursor passes over it You Erase Chan...

Page 294: ...the notes you enter These options are discussed in Changing the Way Notes Are Displayed on page 8 15 Inserting Notes with the Fretboard You can also enter notes onto the staff from the fretboard using...

Page 295: ...s in the current key signature diatonic scale Advance the Now Time by the current note duration using the right arrow key while holding down the shift key This allows you to quickly enter a series of...

Page 296: ...time pitch or staff Pro Audio moves the note to the new location To Move Several Notes 1 Click the Select tool 2 Select the notes to be moved 3 Click one of the selected notes 4 Drag the notes to a ne...

Page 297: ...tool lets you drag a vertical bar over the staff playing the notes as it goes You can scrub To Change the Pitch of a Single Note 1 Click in the time ruler to set the Now time to the time of the note...

Page 298: ...ontally to move the scrub line Pro Audio plays any notes the scrub line passes over To Play Notes with Step Play 1 Set the Now time by clicking in the time ruler 2 Step through the music as follows To...

Page 299: ...it is removed Velocity With the Velocity lter you can set a minimum velocity allowed in the track If a MIDI event has a lower velocity than the one you set it is removed Duration With the Duration lt...

Page 300: ...tize command See Quantizing on page 6 50 for details To Use the Deglitch Filter 1 Select a track or a section of track 2 Select Edit Deglitch from the menu The Deglitch dialog box appears 3 Check each...

Page 301: ...last for any length of time If you record a performance from a MIDI keyboard for example you ll nd that some notes may start slightly before the beat and some a little after and that the notes end a...

Page 302: ...aff view with the mouse Fill and Trim Durations may produce confusing results For example with Fill Durations an inserted eighth note in 4 4 time would look like a quarter note until you insert anothe...

Page 303: ...has not yet been completely established and the harmony has already begun to shift In fact there may not even be a scale in a diatonic sense chromatic scales for instance are supposed to sharp on the...

Page 304: ...on MIDI Channels and Voices If you set notes to different MIDI channels in the Staff view they will automatically be forced into separate voices This gives you greater control over voice assignment an...

Page 305: ...Appendix D MIDI Files MIDI Channels and the Fretboard You can display notes on the fretboard based on the note event s MIDI channel Do not confuse this with the Track MIDI channel A single track can h...

Page 306: ...each individual track to record on the corresponding MIDI channel The GR 30 Guitar Synthesizer template is designed to do this so you may want to open that from the Quick Start Menu or from the File m...

Page 307: ...ymbols above the staff You can enter both ordinary chord names and guitar chord symbols which display both the chord name and ngering Pro Audio has a large number of prede ned chords from which you ca...

Page 308: ...ly chord text appears Property Meaning Time The time of the chord in measure beat and tick MBT format Name The name of the chord Group The chord group To Add a Chord Symbol 1 Click the Draw tool 2 Sel...

Page 309: ...ropdown list or type a new name Use for sharp and b for flat Add descriptive text to the chord name Type the text in square brackets after the chord name The text does not appear in the Staff view See...

Page 310: ...dot repeatedly to cycle through the fingers Insert a fret designation Click to the right of the grid and enter the number of the index finger fret in the Chord Fret Number dialog box Play the chord Au...

Page 311: ...language used can leave much to the imagination as in with majesty or abrasively Expression marks do not change the underlying MIDI data They only provide information to the reader on how a piece shou...

Page 312: ...Press Esc to abort the operation 6 Press Enter or press Tab or Shift Tab to move to the next or previous mark respectively Pro Audio inserts the new expression mark below the staff To Edit an Expressi...

Page 313: ...to a performer as shown here If the track is split into treble bass staves hairpin symbols are allowed only below the treble staff To Add a Hairpin Symbol 1 Click the Draw tool 2 Select the Hairpin t...

Page 314: ...o performers Pedal event parameters are as follows If the track is split into treble bass staves pedal marks are allowed only below the bass staff To Edit a Hairpin Symbol 1 Right click on the hairpin...

Page 315: ...ngs dialog box create tablature settings for a whole track at a time To modify tabla To Add a Pedal Mark 1 Click the Draw tool 2 Select the Pedal tool 3 Position the pointer below the staff the pointe...

Page 316: ...ted the Finger span and Lowest fret fields are used together to define the box where the notes are displayed The Finger span parameter determines how many consecutive frets will be used to display the...

Page 317: ...using the or buttons on the string number fields 7 Save your settings by typing a name into the Preset field at the top of the dialog box and clicking the disk icon next to it You can remove presets f...

Page 318: ...ich series of MIDI Channels should be considered This is useful for MIDI Guitarists that record parts in MONO mode where each string transmits on a different MIDI channel To Create a Quick TAB 1 Open...

Page 319: ...ts usually 21 5 Click OK Pro Audio regenerates a TAB based on your specifications If notes are out of the range you specified Pro Audio displays them as close to that range as possible To Enter Notes...

Page 320: ...or Groups of Notes from the TAB Staff To edit chords or groups of notes in the TAB staff rst select which notes you want to edit and then drag them to new pitches or strings To Edit Chords or Groups o...

Page 321: ...n on the percussion staff in a percussion track each MIDI note value designates a different percussion To Export to an ASCII TAB File 1 Select the track you want to export 2 Open the Staff view 3 In t...

Page 322: ...me you display a percussion track in the Staff view Pro Audio picks a default percussion clef for the track Tracks with only one note value are assigned the Percussion Line clef Tracks with multiple n...

Page 323: ...a bound percussion sound a line joins the sound to its staff position Each percussion sound can be bound only to a single position but each position may be bound to several sounds You can use differe...

Page 324: ...select a Notehead Type and Articulation Symbol Only bound sounds can be assigned a notehead type and articulation symbol other than the default Set the default staff position notehead type and articu...

Page 325: ...each staff is called its rastral size or measurement Each rastral size has a number and is used by publishers for a speci c genre of musical composition Number Trade names Genre usage 0 Commercial or...

Page 326: ...per measure and can be from 1 through 99 The bottom number of a meter is the value of each beat you can pick from a list of values ranging from a whole note to a thirty second note The meter affects s...

Page 327: ...fferent key signatures seven with sharps seven with ats and one without either The fteen key signatures correspond to fteen different major scales and to fteen different minor scales for example the k...

Page 328: ...llowing properties Adding and Editing Meter Key Changes The Meter Key view displays a list of all the meter key changes in the song You can add delete or edit meter key changes by clicking the buttons...

Page 329: ...elect the meter key change to be deleted from the list 2 Select additional meter key changes by using Shift click and Ctrl click 3 Click Delete Pro Audio removes the meter key change from the project...

Page 330: ...with which the lyrics are associated The Lyrics view can also be used for entering or editing lyrics but its main strength is that it can display lyrics in a larger more readable format You might use...

Page 331: ...3 Position the pointer below the staff under the first note to be assigned lyrics The pointer changes to a pencil when you are in a legal position 4 Click to open an insertion box 5 Follow the instruc...

Page 332: ...note If you want to break a word into multiple syllables you must hyphenate the word For example de sire would map onto two notes since it is now two syllables long When you enter the lyrics you can m...

Page 333: ...When you pause Pro Audio will update all lyric events in the track To Enter Lyrics in the Lyrics View 1 Click in the upper left corner of the view to position the cursor at the start of the text 2 Fol...

Page 334: ...8 48...

Page 335: ...digital audio and MIDI tracks The Console view supports automation which lets you record and play back volume and pan changes and MIDI reverb and chorus settings The Console view also lets you mix tog...

Page 336: ...ule type What you can do MIDI track Set the track s output port channel bank and patch set the input source mute solo and arm the track set channel volume panning chorus and reverb levels apply real t...

Page 337: ...ar motion to set the desired position Click on the center of the knob and drag the mouse up or down to adjust the knob Double click the center of the knob to return it to its snap to position Aux bus...

Page 338: ...lative volumes of your audio tracks and in detecting and preventing overload By default the Console view displays output level meters in Main output modules at all times and displays record level mete...

Page 339: ...y contribution depends on the taper you ve chosen If the sum of the event velocity and the track velocity offset is v then the velocity contribution gVelocity is as follows Mode What it means Balance...

Page 340: ...ncheck all the selected modules at once 3 Click OK To Hide a Module 1 Right click on the module and choose Hide Module To Change the Meter Display 1 Use the tools in the Console view toolbar as descri...

Page 341: ...nce Control or Constant Power in the MIDI Pan Mapping box 3 Click OK Pro Audio interprets MIDI pan messages as you requested To Set the Volume Taper 1 Choose Options Audio and click the General tab 2...

Page 342: ...nsole view toolbar These messages are merged into the stream of MIDI data sent to the 2 Choose Add Track Audio or Add Track MIDI Pro Audio adds a new track to the project To Rename a Track or Aux Bus...

Page 343: ...ect the channel Click the Channel button and choose one from the list Select the bank Click the Bank button and choose one from the list Select the patch Click the Patch button and choose one from the...

Page 344: ...4 center to 127 hard right Routing and Mixing Digital Audio The Console view lets you route and mix your digital audio data in a number of different ways The wiring diagram for digital audio in the Co...

Page 345: ...es through the track s send level knob on its way to the aux bus This is shown in the diagram below Real time effects if any Aux Send level sliders Aux Send on off button Pan control Volume fader Dest...

Page 346: ...each main output all audio data from audio tracks and aux busses that were routed to the main are mixed together and processed by the main s real time effects Finally the data passes through the maste...

Page 347: ...is used to determine its right left position in the mix To do this Do this Add a real time audio effect to the track Right click in the Effects patch point and select an effect from the list for more...

Page 348: ...nning to the aux bus Adjust the Send pan Add a real time audio effect to the bus Right click in the Effects patch point and select an effect from the list for more information see Using Real Time Effe...

Page 349: ...end and Return knobs to the approximate level you want 6 In Aux 1 drag the Send and Return Pan sliders to the approximate positions you want 7 In a track module that you want to patch through Aux 1 do...

Page 350: ...In the second case you are applying the effect nondestructively the digital audio data in your track is not changed but simply altered on the y during playback This means you can experiment with effec...

Page 351: ...ere is no Mixing tab You do not need to click OK for the effect to be applied Refer to the sections MIDI Effects on page 6 49 and Audio Effects on page 7 37 for descriptions of the effects and their p...

Page 352: ...one or more tracks in either the Track view or the Console view 2 In the Track view select the tracks or clips you want to be affected 3 Open the Console view and click The Apply Audio Effects dialog...

Page 353: ...tly the same way Four mute buttons can be grouped so that when you click on the mute button to mute track 1 tracks 1 and 2 are muted and tracks 3 and 4 are un muted The Console view identi es knobs an...

Page 354: ...e same direction The controls do not necessarily need to start at the same level Here are two examples The first control is lowered to minimum volume The controls are grouped in this position The firs...

Page 355: ...maximum level but drop at different rates You want two faders to be locked together with the same range of motion but a third fader grouped with them to have a different range of motion Custom groups...

Page 356: ...re highlighted with the group s color indicator To Remove a Control from Its Group 1 Right click on the control 2 Choose Ungroup from the menu Pro Audio removes the control from the group and displays...

Page 357: ...ose Custom as the group type The starting and ending values for each control are displayed 3 To change the starting or ending value for a control click on the control in the list and enter new values...

Page 358: ...to the controller value Wheel Not applicable The slider knob value is set to the wheel value with the values mapped from their original range of 8 192 to 8 191 to a range of 0 to 127 RPN Not applicab...

Page 359: ...ding data in real time Automation data is recorded only for the controls you actually manipulate and only for the period of time in which you adjust the control This lets you record automation data in...

Page 360: ...record using the Console view can be displayed and edited using either the Controllers pane in the Piano Roll view or the Event List view For more information on the Controllers pane see Controllers...

Page 361: ...is enabled 2 Set the Now time to a few bars or seconds before the time at which you want to record knob and fader movements 3 Click or press the Space bar to start playback 4 Adjust the controls as y...

Page 362: ...achine to actually play in real time Here are some reasons to use Mixdown Audio Bounce to Track s Your mix is so complex that realtime playback is impossible Mixdown Audio Bounce to Track s will produ...

Page 363: ...dialog box 3 Select the destination track for the mixdown 4 Click OK Pro Audio mixes the audio data and a new track s appear s on the destination track Format Definition Wave The standard digital aud...

Page 364: ...Files of type drop down list 7 In the Format filed select one of the following options Mix to Stereo File s All unmuted and unarchived tracks are mixed down to a single stereo track Mix to Separate L...

Page 365: ...wnload a higher resolution version of the audio at the expense of download time Enable Mobile Play Lets people download file to a local drive for playback later Target Connection Rate Choose as many d...

Page 366: ...7 In the Format filed select one of the following options Mix to Stereo File s All unmuted and unarchived tracks are mixed down to a single stereo track Mix to Separate Left and Right tracks All unmut...

Page 367: ...t one of the following options Mix to Stereo File s All unmuted and unarchived tracks are mixed down to a single stereo track Mix to Separate Left and Right tracks All unmuted and unarchived tracks ar...

Page 368: ...he following options Mix to Stereo File s All unmuted and unarchived tracks are mixed down to a single stereo track Mix to Separate Left and Right tracks All unmuted and unarchived tracks are mixed do...

Page 369: ...y are General MIDI GM compatible which means that they come with the standard set of sounds or patches de ned by the GM standard Pro Audio generally assumes that your MIDI instruments are GM compatibl...

Page 370: ...nel 10 If you have several MIDI ports with a different instrument attached to each one you would normally assign a different instrument to each MIDI port For convenience you can assign a block of chan...

Page 371: ...4 To save these changes permanently check the Save Changes for Next Session box 5 Click OK when you are done From now on the bank patch controller and note names from the assigned instrument are used...

Page 372: ...n of the Cakewalk World Wide Web site www cakewalk com Simply download the les to your Pro Audio folder unzip if necessary and import the instrument de nitions as described below When you import an in...

Page 373: ...this instrument Which RPN and NRPNs are available on the instrument Which Bank Select method does the instrument use To collect this information you need the MIDI documentation for your instrument Yo...

Page 374: ...tch names such as Piano and Bass Note names which are most frequently used to name drum notes such as kick or snare Controller names like volume and pan Names for Registered Parameter Numbers RPNs Nam...

Page 375: ...the new name and press Enter To Delete an Instrument 1 Right click on an Instrument name and choose Delete from the menu 2 Confirm that you want to delete the instrument To Save an Instrument Definit...

Page 376: ...t Highlight the names list and press the Del Delete key or right click on the name list and choose Delete from the menu You will see a warning if the list is used by any instrument definition If you d...

Page 377: ...will override those in the list on which NewList is based If you change your mind about NewList and want to make it a stand alone separate list simply drag it to the Patch Names root folder Assigning...

Page 378: ...patch number of 0 You can assign a patch name list to each bank You can also assign a default patch name list to the instrument which is used for all banks for which you haven t assigned a speci c li...

Page 379: ...he bank numbers and the patch name list that is assigned to each bank To Add a Bank or Change the Patch Names for a Bank 1 Drag a patch name list from the Names tree to the Patch Names for Banks folde...

Page 380: ...pecial Drum ag which indicates that this patch contains drum sounds If you set this ag the Piano Roll view will display drum notes as diamonds and the Staff view will use percussion notation There are...

Page 381: ...necessary Pro Audio adds a new patch to the instrument definition To Remove a Note Name List 1 Highlight the patch in the Instrument tree 2 Press the Del key or right click on the note name list and c...

Page 382: ...instrument definition by clicking the sign next to the instrument name To Change the Controller RPN or NRPN Name List 1 In the Names tree expand the branch containing the Controller name lists RPN na...

Page 383: ...nels for popular MIDI devices with new panels constantly under development here at Cakewalk by equipment manufacturers and by Pro Audio users Check the Cakewalk web site www cakewalk com from time to...

Page 384: ...Mute control designed for the Mackie 1604 mixer MMC MIDIMachineControlpanel providingtrackarming and transport control for any device that responds to MMC commands Novation Bass Station BS1 Panel for...

Page 385: ...ers Yamaha ProMix 01 Provides parameter control for the Yamaha ProMix digital mixer Yamaha 03D Provides parameter control for the Yamaha 03D digital mixer Roland UA 100 Provides parameter control for...

Page 386: ...an be used to control many different types of devices and because each and every panel can be tailored for a speci c application and hardware environment it is impossible to explain here all the diffe...

Page 387: ...change values as a result of the mouse click To adjust a knob or slider using the keyboard Press the and keys to decrease or increase the value of the selected control by the smallest amount Press the...

Page 388: ...When you move any control in the group to its ending value all controls in the group are set to their ending value When you position any control in the group somewhere between its starting and ending...

Page 389: ...the Shift key and drag the control to a new value The range for the control is adjusted so that its current position corresponds with the current position of other controls in the group Example To Se...

Page 390: ...StudioWare panel while playing back a song to adjust the levels or other MIDI activity that the panel is designed to accommodate In addition you can record changes that you make to the controls in a...

Page 391: ...e newer ones Movements of other controls are unaffected You can re record moves again and again until you ve got the movement exactly the way you want it You can also edit automation data using the Co...

Page 392: ...the events that have already been recorded If you record automation data on a track that contains linked clips Pro Audio automatically unlinks the clips so that the automation data do not apply to ot...

Page 393: ...e Now time is the very beginning of the project then the snapshot will change the track parameters to match the controls in the panel instead of recording automation events To Record a Snapshot While...

Page 394: ...oWare toolbar is pressed so that Update is enabled 2 Make sure the button in the StudioWare toolbar is pressed so that recording is enabled 3 Set the Now time to a few bars or seconds before the time...

Page 395: ...ck driver Once you create and save a StudioWare panel you can Use it with any of your projects Distribute it to other Pro Audio users Submit it to Cakewalk so we can post it on our World Wide Web site...

Page 396: ...StudioWare toolbar Design mode lets you add resize delete or change other characteristics of each widget While you are in Design mode you cannot adjust the widgets the way you do when you are using a...

Page 397: ...Choose File Open to display the Open dialog box 2 Choose StudioWare from the Files of Type list 3 Choose the panel you want to modify and click OK Pro Audio opens and displays the panel 4 Click the b...

Page 398: ...ual appearance of the one most recently selected One exception you can change the color or bitmap for all selected widgets in a single step Like many other views the StudioWare view has a snap to grid...

Page 399: ...er one of the widgets so that it looks like this 4 Drag the widget to a new position Pro Audio repositions the widget s To Move Widgets Using the Keyboard 1 Make sure the button is pressed so you are...

Page 400: ...mode 2 Select one or more widgets to be resized 3 Position the cursor over any edge or corner of one of the widgets so that it looks like this 4 Press the arrow keys on the keyboard to resize the widg...

Page 401: ...You cannot move one existing cluster inside another cluster to create nested clusters When you rst insert the cluster it will be displayed as a shaded rectangle like this This shading indicates that t...

Page 402: ...vements of this widget are sent directly out a MIDI or audio port You can choose a MIDI or Audio port explicitly or choose an alias whose value is the MIDI port number You can also indicate audio port...

Page 403: ...hoose either the Automate in Track or Direct to Port option 4 Choose the Track or Port number from the drop down list 5 Choose a Primary Action from the list and then fill in the required fields for t...

Page 404: ...e widget you must provide additional information about the event you want to generate when the control is moved The additional information can take several forms For more information about aliases cal...

Page 405: ...to check the Spring Loaded option so that the pitch will return to its center position when you release the widget Field Range of values Number Controller drop down list 0 127 simple alias calculated...

Page 406: ...amount of this aftertouch here RPN and NRPN The widget sends RPN or NRPN numbers and values Field Range of values Key 0 127 simple alias calculated expression assignment Pressure 0 127 simple alias c...

Page 407: ...nts You can view and edit bytes of recorded Sysx data in the Event List view If you choose Sysx Data the Data eld lets you type in the hexadecimal bytes of the Sysx message that the widget will send Y...

Page 408: ...gle commands of up to 256 bytes long Binding Binding verbs let the widget directly trigger any Pro Audio command or respond to open dialog boxes For example you could link one button to the Edit Undo...

Page 409: ...his method to attach long CAL programs to a widget If you use this method the StudioWare panel and the CAL program le must be stored in the same directory Otherwise Pro Audio won t know where to look...

Page 410: ...n page 11 31 Customizing the Appearance of a Panel There are a large number of widget settings that affect the appearance of StudioWare widgets as indicated in the following table Setting What it s fo...

Page 411: ...n Up position of the button drawn with transparent background Down position of the button drawn with transparent background Knob Knob image stretched to fill the widget s area Knob pointer at original...

Page 412: ...e colors are used to draw the corresponding control element when you choose None as the bitmap option Text widgets display their text using the foreground color when the widget s alias is not equal to...

Page 413: ...the new position and transmit record fresh MIDI data This makes a two way connection between the widget and the rest of the system because data values can ow both into and out of the widget through th...

Page 414: ...expression ever changes the alias and the widget will both take on the new value immediately This provides a two way connection between the widget and the alias and a one way relationship from any ali...

Page 415: ...z Alias x is assigned the value of alias y plus 2 then multiplied by the value of alias z whenever either y or z changes x y z Alias x is assigned the value of alias y bitwise OR the value of alias z...

Page 416: ...der s messages are sent to the correct track You can redirect widget messages to different MIDI ports using this same method by setting the Direct to Port parameter of a widget to a speci c alias valu...

Page 417: ...te and delete groups in several other ways In Design mode you can also create radio groups You typically use radio groups for sets of buttons in which only one can be pressed at a time like the preset...

Page 418: ...e slider choose Foreground Bitmap and then click the None option This will maker the slider s thumb t better into the horizontal slider Change the setting back to Default if you want to make the slide...

Page 419: ...I device volume modulation and sustain and add a few other widgets to display their values To demonstrate how this panel works you will need to have at least one track of MIDI data assigned to a Gener...

Page 420: ...cluster To select the cluster click on the track name at the top of the cluster 4 Press the Del key to delete the cluster This will give us a starting point for our new panel All the widgets are dele...

Page 421: ...done everything correctly the cluster widget will disappear When the value of CONTopen reaches 127 the cluster will be displayed again 1 Click in the StudioWare toolbar to select the Button tool 2 Cli...

Page 422: ...se Controller from the Kind list 8 Enter 64 in the Number field This is the controller number for Modulation in the General MIDI specification 9 Enter SUSTAIN in the Value field This will link the con...

Page 423: ...imum and 127 for the Maximum the legal range for MIDI controllers and that the Initial value is set at 0 7 Choose Controller from the Kind list 8 Enter 1 in the Number field This is the controller num...

Page 424: ...n the slider and choose Properties 5 Enter Volume in the Label field 6 Enter Volume in the Alias field 7 Choose Controller from the Kind list 8 Enter 7 in the Number field or choose Volume from the dr...

Page 425: ...2 Click somewhere below the volume slider 3 Right click on the LED and choose Properties 4 Enter Minimum in the Label field 5 Enter Volume in the Alias field 6 In the Range fields enter 1 as the mini...

Page 426: ...ing will be updated automatically The d is replaced by the actual value of the Volume alias 1 Click in the StudioWare toolbar to select the Image tool 2 Click anywhere in the panel 3 Right click on th...

Page 427: ...to the current project You might want to create a layout so you can easily arrange the views in a convenient size and position on the screen A template is a special le that is used as a pattern to cre...

Page 428: ...named and deleted Layouts are stored in a folder on your hard disk To change the default folder for layouts choose Global Options and click the Folders tab There are two options that control how layou...

Page 429: ...ate from the list 4 Click Add to display the New Global Layout dialog box 5 Leave the layout name unchanged and click OK 6 Click OK to confirm that you want to update the layout 7 Click Close to exit...

Page 430: ...reating and saving a special template le called normal tpl If you create or update the normal tpl le Pro Audio will display this template automatically when the program is started As a rule any parame...

Page 431: ...tions Key bindings Color settings To Create a Template 1 Create a new file using the File New command 2 Set one or more parameters to be the way you want 3 Choose File Save As to display the Save As d...

Page 432: ...8 These can be placed on tracks 1 through 8 Fill the Channel column for each track with the corresponding channel number You should now have tracks 1 through 8 set to channels 1 through 8 4 The third...

Page 433: ...ds However you may be able to get better audio performance by choosing some settings yourself This chapter covers both basic and advanced audio con guration shows you how to save and manage your audio...

Page 434: ...rrectly The Wave Device Pro ler utility runs automatically the rst time you run Pro Audio You don t need to run it again unless you install a new sound card or an updated driver for an existing sound...

Page 435: ...ata that Cakewalk sends them so the buffer number must be offset by one Use Wave Out Position For Timing Mixing Latency Simultaneous Record Playback If you experience MIDI and audio synchronization pr...

Page 436: ...ically uses it Every sound card s clock crystal is slightly different which causes minor differences in the actual To Use the Wave Out Position Information 1 Choose Options Audio and click the Device...

Page 437: ...card You should choose the high end sound card as the record and playback timing master However using the aux busses in the Console view you could create a headphone or monitor mix and route it throug...

Page 438: ...different one for playback even if you select the same card as the timing master for both recording and playback Multiple wave drivers on the same card will not have sync problems Number of Aux Busses...

Page 439: ...rates in the same song Cakewalk only lets you do this if the audio system supports it This feature is meant primarily for sound cards that use different Windows drivers for input and output Cakewalk t...

Page 440: ...nce Control works by attenuating the right channel for pans to the left and vice versa This is simple sensible and controllable and is how previous versions of Cakewalk always dealt with pan Constant...

Page 441: ...r on a different drive just be sure to enter that data directory s path here Enable Read Caching and Enable Write Caching Choosing either of these options lets Cakewalk bypass the Windows disk cache w...

Page 442: ...is option if you are trying to achieve the lowest possible latency that your sound card is capable of Clip Audio Mix Upon Overflow When this option is enabled Cakewalk will clip every mixed output sam...

Page 443: ...left justified Many sound cards including the Yamaha DSP Factory expect their data to be left justified Enabling this option ensures that 16 bit audio will work properly on these sound cards Trigger a...

Page 444: ...al it is better not to change these settings without consulting Cakewalk s support page at http www cakewalk com Support Docs DMASettings htm or Cakewalk technical support It is important to set the a...

Page 445: ...rd is pro led check the buffer size settings in the Device Pro les tab of the DirectShow Audio dialog box to con rm that they are exact multiples of 3 If they are not you may experience glitches stutt...

Page 446: ...red in a separate audio le and the corresponding portion of the original le is no longer shared On playback Pro Audio combines all the audio les together as needed to recreate the song Suppose you hav...

Page 447: ...ion of the wavedata folder unless absolutely necessary If your original wavedata folder contains any audio les with the extension wav you must manually move these les to the new wavedata folder using...

Page 448: ...t audio les that are associated with your projects If you are using another utility program that protects you from accidentally deleting important les such as Norton Protect you may need to disable th...

Page 449: ...disk space use the Tools Clean Audio Disk command To Delete Unused Audio Files 1 Make sure all project files that contain audio are immediately accessible on a hard disk 2 If you are running Windows 9...

Page 450: ...n you open a bundle le the audio data are placed into the wavedata folder and the remainder of the song is loaded into memory Use the File Save As command if you want to save the project as a regular...

Page 451: ...ntain no audio data so they are small Backing up a Project file does not back up the associated audio data Project files are good for routine projects You can use Project files and back them up as Bun...

Page 452: ...he speed of your computer s CPU Unfortunately the effect of your CPU on audio track throughput is much more dif cult to quantify Throughput is affected by the type of chip e g Pentium versus Pentium I...

Page 453: ...s See Silencing Tracks on page 3 11 for more information Mix down your audio tracks If your project contains many different audio tracks or many real time effects you can use the Mixdown Audio command...

Page 454: ...sk cache settings Record audio at a lower sampling rate If you don t require CD quality 44 1 kHz audio then record your audio at a lower sampling rate of 22 05 kHz or 11 025 kHz Choose Options Audio t...

Page 455: ...dropouts The default setting is 4 For more information see the online help topics Latency and Dropouts and Other Audio Problems Status Bar CPU Meter Disk Meter Pro Audio has several new tools to help...

Page 456: ...is located on the left side of the Status bar It displays the word Dropout whenever Pro Audio has to omit some audio data in order to play all the tracks You can choose whether you want playback and r...

Page 457: ...y number of messages the amount of data it can hold is limited only by available memory The banks are saved in the Pro Audio song le Each bank can also be saved as a syx le in the format used by the p...

Page 458: ...cking up your equipment you can have a project containing only System Exclusive data and no notes Sysx Events Pro Audio provides two distinct kinds of Sysx events Sysx Bank and Sysx Data Sysx Bank You...

Page 459: ...a synthesizer into the bank If the bank contains data Pro Audio asks you whether you want the new data to overwrite the existing data or be appended to it When receiving dumps remember to connect bot...

Page 460: ...will initiate a dump or multiple dumps from the front panel of the synthesizer You need to do this for synthesizers that are not on the list Once the bytes received count stops increasing see Steps 3...

Page 461: ...should describe the factory set number The DRM transmits a Sysx message that asks the synthesizer to dump the data Pro Audio then waits to get some data dumped from the synthesizer The number of bytes...

Page 462: ...ular equipment In some cases we have not been able to test those DRMs because we do not have access to that equipment We redistribute such DRMs on an as is basis Additional user supplied DRMs may be a...

Page 463: ...not be able to convert the data to text format The text representation requires three to four times more memory than the data itself and the Edit System Exclusive Bytes dialog box can contain roughly...

Page 464: ...he speed of your computer but as a rule of thumb 100 bytes is a likely maximum and even that may often be too large You don t need to use Sysx meta events for sending System Exclusive information at t...

Page 465: ...File Open command instead which requires fewer steps Make sure you set the Sysx bank to Auto send in the Sysx view before saving the MID le After saving it as a MID le use the File Open command to loa...

Page 466: ...yMsecs n line The possible values of n are 0 and 1 Their signi cance is as follows n 0 No delay n 1 Delay between each Sysx string SysxSendPacketSize n System Exclusive bytes are transmitted in packet...

Page 467: ...arger values until it stops working go back to the largest value that worked and you will have the fastest transmission rate that the problematic synthesizer can keep up with My Equipment Is Not recei...

Page 468: ...ets in fast succession You must use the setting SysxDelayAfterF7 1 with these devices Ensoniq Instruments Successfully sending Sysx messages to most Ensoniq instruments requires that you add the follo...

Page 469: ...equipment are used together it s important that they operate in synchronization For this to happen all the equipment must rely on the same source of clock or timing information Pro Audio lets you use...

Page 470: ...response to incoming MTC messages These messages could be generated by An external MIDI device that is capable of generating MIDI Time Code like the Roland VS880 A MIDI interface that is converting ot...

Page 471: ...f two clock sources Internal or Audio When the clock source is set to Internal Pro Audio uses the clock built into the computer or the computer s MIDI interface as its timing source If your projects c...

Page 472: ...playback tempo on all slave devices is then set automatically The following MIDI messages are sent by the master device to support MIDI Sync To Use the Internal Clock Source 1 Click on the Sync toolb...

Page 473: ...in Pro Audio will be incorrect Pro Audio will not transmit MIDI Start Continue Stop and Clock messages Digital audio playback is not supported Continue This message tells slave devices to continuepla...

Page 474: ...ack on the drum machine to start at the beginning of the loop When this option is chosen Pro Audio sends a Start message to all slave devices when playback is started even if you are in the middle of...

Page 475: ...2 for 2 18ths of a second or 18 for a full second delay To Use MIDI Sync with Pro Audio as the Master 1 Configure your external MIDI device to receive MIDI Sync 2 Click or on the Sync toolbar to use t...

Page 476: ...zation that lets Pro Audio act as a slave to an external device SMPTE MTC messages are received from an external MIDI device or from a MIDI interface that generates MTC from other time code signal suc...

Page 477: ...ng to use when synchronizing to any European video format 29 97 frames per second non drop frame 30 Frame Non drop NTSC non broadcast and short length video in North America and Japan Some music proje...

Page 478: ...of the project Pro Audio starts to play in sync If the time code is at or after the start of the project Pro Audio starts playback as soon as it locks to the time code When the external device stops o...

Page 479: ...ccasionally note the pitch of the audio sounding consistently high or low pitch Option How it works Trigger and freewheel Audio event playback is started or triggered at the exact time code but then t...

Page 480: ...ack speed by the way may be slightly faster or slower than the normal audio playback speed resulting in a slight change in the pitch of the audio Here s the best way to address this problem Start each...

Page 481: ...ectly The frame rate on the stripe must match the frame rate you set in Pro Audio The offset is set incorrectly The offset you enter in Pro Audio must match the start time of recorded material on the...

Page 482: ...evice as the time code master When MMC is enabled press Play to start playback on all connected MMC devices and press Stop to stop all connected devices If you press Record while playback is underway...

Page 483: ...e ID of the master timing device in the Time Code Master s Unit ID box 6 Click OK MMC is now enabled To Disable MIDI Machine Control 1 Choose Options Project and click the MIDI Out tab 2 Make sure the...

Page 484: ...15 16...

Page 485: ...keystrokes and mouse actions Pro Audio translates and saves these actions as CAL programs which you can use or edit CAL les are stored on disk in les with an extension of cal The Cakewalk World Wide W...

Page 486: ...n a CAL program from within the CAL view you can also run an existing CAL program without displaying it in the CAL view To interrupt a CAL program while it is running press the Esc Escape key Press OK...

Page 487: ...ose CAL Script from the list and click OK Pro Audio creates a new CAL program and displays it in the CAL view Use the CAL view to edit or modify the program To Save a CAL Program 1 From the CAL View c...

Page 488: ...ant to thin For example MIDI assigns the Volume controller to number 7 A thinning factor For example if you specify the number 3 the program deletes every third Controller event of the kind you ve spe...

Page 489: ...ormally you ll use these programs on a region containing a single note You can however apply these to tracks containing many notes Each original note will become the root of a chord Writing CAL Progra...

Page 490: ...ng will nd this natural when you think of function calls such as message Hello world Here the function message is passed a string argument As you might guess this CAL program displays text on Pro Audi...

Page 491: ...alog box 4 Choose any file and click Open 5 Return to the CAL view and click to stop recording Pro Audio creates a simple CAL program that opens the file To test the program close the file you just op...

Page 492: ...16 8...

Page 493: ...uestions tech support documents program patches and updates and more When I Play a File I Don t Hear Anything Open the song called 2 Part Invention 13 in A Minor wrk and click the Play button If you d...

Page 494: ...s You may have too many MIDI drivers Make sure you only install the drivers that you need and remove any old or unused drivers To access the driver list choose Start Settings Control Panel then double...

Page 495: ...s are on and the volume is turned up Your sound card isn t hooked up correctly Run the Microsoft Sound Recorder Start Programs Accessories Multimedia Sound Recorder Open any wave file and see if it pl...

Page 496: ...con gure your instrument to play a different patch on each channel this is called Multi Mode on Possible problem What to do The track is not set up to receive audio input Make sure that the Source col...

Page 497: ...ions My Keyboard Doubles Every Note I Play When your keyboard doubles the notes each note seems heavier or thicker than usual as if two notes of the same pitch are emitted when you press the key Also...

Page 498: ...ur keyboard to learn how to correct the problem I Don t See the Clips Pane in the Track View The splitter bar may be so far to the right that the Track pane lls the entire Track view Here s how to sol...

Page 499: ...oice modems or speakerphone devices can cause an error message from the Wave Pro ler Sometimes these errors are harmless on other occasions you need to disable the voice modem or speaker phone device...

Page 500: ...A 8...

Page 501: ...covered elsewhere in the manual and highlights some shortcuts and tricks you can use to be more productive and ef cient For more tips check out the Tip of the Day by selecting Help Tip of the Day In...

Page 502: ...icked For example you may want to open MIDI tracks in a Staff view rather than in a Piano Roll view Playing Files in Batch Mode Pro Audio includes two ways you can play several les in sequence automat...

Page 503: ...Edit a Play List 1 To create and edit a play list in the Play List view follow the instructions in the table To do this Do this Open an existing play list Choose File Open choose Play List from the F...

Page 504: ...File Save As enter a file name and click Save To Play Files from the Play List View 1 To play back files from the Play List view follow the instructions in the table To do this Do this Activate the p...

Page 505: ...before the current selection You can also drag les from the Virtual Jukebox into Pro Audio as follows To open a project drag the wrk mid or bun le from the Virtual Jukebox into Pro Audio To insert an...

Page 506: ...files you select are inserted into the play list before the current file in the list Move a file Drag the file to a new location in the list Copy a file to another location in the play list Ctrl drag...

Page 507: ...playing and the file you selected will start playing To Change the Playback Mode 1 To modify the playback mode for all files at once use the following commands Command How it works Options Set Playbac...

Page 508: ...all the notes on your MIDI keyboard with key bindings Pro Audio lets you de ne a Shift key on your keyboard that indicates when you want to use a key binding For example you could designate the lowes...

Page 509: ...le from the menu For example the File Save command is disabled when no projects are open If you have assigned the Ctrl F2 key combination to the File Save command it won t do anything when no projects...

Page 510: ...to assign from the Function list 7 Click Bind to bind the key to the command 8 Click OK when you are done Pro Audio puts an asterisk next to the key to show that it is bound to a function and draws a...

Page 511: ...Double click on this indicator to open a dialog box that lets you control the levels for audio MIDI CD playback and record The volume control is available only if your sound card is using a native Wi...

Page 512: ...r project rst The Edit History command displays a complete history of the commands and actions you can undo for the current project The Undo History dialog box looks like this The History command is g...

Page 513: ...umber in the Undo History dialog box Screen Colors and Wallpaper Pro Audio lets you customize the colors that are used for virtually all parts of the program using the Options Colors command This comm...

Page 514: ...nt List view Event List Special Color of other special events in the Event List view Note that is on Color of currently playing notes Events Color of selected events in the Piano Roll view and selecte...

Page 515: ...f all tracks in the Piano Roll that end in the number 3 3 13 23 etc Piano Roll Tracks 4 14 24 Color of all tracks in the Piano Roll that end in the number 4 4 14 24 etc Piano Roll Tracks 5 15 25 Color...

Page 516: ...or button and select the color you want 4 To save these changes from session to session check the Save Changes for Next Session box 5 Click OK when you are done Pro Audio uses the colors you have chos...

Page 517: ...it two chromatic steps back down Remember not all trumpets are Bb instruments The Staff view automatically transposes the key signature for each track according to the track s Key value Multiple track...

Page 518: ...B 18...

Page 519: ...s provided by Microsoft or your system vendor It is generally easier for you to solve one problem at a time and it is much easier for us to help you when you have a reliable Windows installation Make...

Page 520: ...ory 7 Select a Start menu for the program By default Setup creates a new menu on the Start Programs menu and names it Cakewalk You can give the new menu a different name or choose an existing menu fro...

Page 521: ...or your MIDI interface The Pro Audio CD contains a driver for MPU 401 compatible MIDI interface cards If you have such a MIDI interface card installed in your system you should install this driver usi...

Page 522: ...nder Windows Please contact the manufacturer of your multimedia device for speci c information about Windows drivers con guration and compatibility To Install a Driver Not Included with Windows 1 Clic...

Page 523: ...k Next 7 Select the Resource IRQ port and DMA settings that match your multimedia hardware then click Next 8 Click Finish 9 Click Yes to restart your computer To Examine and Change Driver Resources At...

Page 524: ...Panel 2 In the Control Panel double click the System icon 3 Select the Device Manager tab 4 In the list of hardware items double click the sound video and game controllers The list will expand to show...

Page 525: ...roubleshooting before calling us There are two methods that t many circumstances The one you choose depends on whether your keyboard has All three types of MIDI jacks In Out and Thru Only two types of...

Page 526: ...ur computer s joystick port Connect the In cable to your instrument s MIDI Out jack Connect the Out cable to your instrument s MIDI In jack Here s a checklist Continue the sequence repeating the last...

Page 527: ...You can then chain subsequent modules onto the rst module as described earlier If your master keyboard now seems to double notes they sound thicker or if you can play only one half as many notes at o...

Page 528: ...udio s features The rst time you start Pro Audio it will automatically run the Wave Pro ler utility Wave Pro ler determines the proper settings for your sound card and writes them to a le that Pro Aud...

Page 529: ...can also plug an electric guitar into an effects rack then send the output of the rack to the sound card s input as shown in the following diagram This diagram assumes that the output of the rack is a...

Page 530: ...4 jack Home Stereo CD Player Radio Tuner Preamp Output The output of a stereo component can be connected to the sound card s line in using a dual RCA to 1 8 stereo mini Y adapter Many portable cassett...

Page 531: ...choose New Cakewalk Song When the song icon appears type a name for the song Then double click the icon to start Pro Audio Click the Start button point to Documents and choose a previously opened Pro...

Page 532: ...le Running Wave Profiler The rst time you start Pro Audio it automatically runs the Wave Pro ler utility Wave Pro ler determines the proper MIDI and Audio timings for your sound card and writes them t...

Page 533: ...into Pro Audio and choose Options MIDI Devices You will see the MIDI Ports dialog box which lets you choose instruments on MIDI input and output ports 2 Look at the left window Notice that it shows de...

Page 534: ...r to Pro Audio s list Defining Your MIDI Instrument or Sound Card Once you have selected your MIDI Input and Output devices Pro Audio by default plays back MIDI sequences using a General MIDI instrume...

Page 535: ...ormats MIDI Format 0 and MIDI Format 1 Format 0 MIDI les contain a single track with all events stored in that track Format 1 MIDI les can store up to 256 tracks just like Pro Audio project les When y...

Page 536: ...DI Files While the MIDI le format is very exible and extensive it cannot store the following parameters that are part of a standard project le key offset velocity offset time offset and forced channel...

Page 537: ...ginning of the song When Pro Audio nds a GM GS or XG reset message it assumes that you would like to work within the GM Score Production guidelines This causes Pro Audio to use special timing for prog...

Page 538: ...esizer voices during playback the GM GS and XG speci cations all recommend the use of Standard MIDI Format 0 for distribution of music data which would make this problem irrelevant If you encounter th...

Page 539: ...e the song in Standard MIDI Format See Variables in the Options Section on page E 4 for information on disabling setup measure For best results you should always place program changes and other MIDI m...

Page 540: ...D 6...

Page 541: ...ogram Files Cakewalk Cakewalk Pro Audio 9 cakewalk ini ttsseq ini aud ini To view and edit the cakewalk ini le choose Options Initialization File Use the Windows Notepad to open and alter any of the t...

Page 542: ...re redrawn To redraw waveforms when scrolling during playback the entry in the le looks like this Wincake DrawPlayingAudio 1 The variable names contain no spaces They are not case sensitive CAKEWALK I...

Page 543: ...enator extension DLL used by Pro Audio and is written during installation This should never need to be changed MaxPanelUndoSteps num Integer 128 Each StudioWare view remembers a certain maximum number...

Page 544: ...This line specifies where to store temporary WAV files when launching a third party wave editor from the Tools menu Variable Type Default value What it does ChaseDelay num Integer 20 2 seconds This li...

Page 545: ...roper value for your system MMCPort num Integer 1 all By default Pro Audio will transit MMC commands on all MIDI ports In some situations it is necessary to limit the number of ports MMC is transmitti...

Page 546: ...on for a certain amount of time if it encounters an F7 in a Sysx bank This gives some instruments a required amount of delay time that is necessary to process the Sysx transmission The default delay i...

Page 547: ...is 16 ports Variable Type Default value What it does MaxOutPort num Integer 15 16 ports This variable determines the maximum number of MIDI output ports The value is 0 based so a value of 15 means th...

Page 548: ...E 8...

Page 549: ...F Presets Appendix F Presets The following is a list of presets provided with Pro Audio plug in audio effects The FX effects are stereo effects the CFX effects are mono effects F...

Page 550: ...ms or vocals Symphonic Good for orchestral instruments Vocal Club Wet A fairly wet reverb that works well with lead vocals Tiled Room Reverb with that tiled shower sound very bright and slightly ringy...

Page 551: ...nd Slightly Chorused A definite chorus sound but more subtle than the other effects Chorus Slight Flange Chorused with a subtle flanging Great on guitars Preset Description Classic Flange A classic fl...

Page 552: ...ood for vocals especially when mixed with Reverb 98bpm Delay Delay time is set at 98 bpm 120bpm Delay Delay time is set at 120 bpm Fast Tremolo Delay A fast delay with a tremolo effect Great on guitar...

Page 553: ...Vocal 4th Up A formant preserving pitch shift a 4th up Vocal 4th Down A formant preserving pitch shift a 4th down Vocal 5th Up A formant preserving pitch shift a 5th up Vocal 5th Down A formant prese...

Page 554: ...utoff frequency is set at 10 000 Hz but can be moved as needed 1 Pole HiPass A template 6dB per octave roll off hipass The cutoff frequency is set at 1 000 Hz but can be moved as needed 2 Pole HiPass...

Page 555: ...View AudioX See the online help or your soundcard s documentation for more information about AudioX AudioX appears in the View menu only if you have at least one AudioX driver installed Reduced Audio...

Page 556: ...mmer Export to MP3 and RealAudio Pro Audio 9 s mixdown features offer greatly enhanced capabilities Export to MP3 Export to RealAudio G2 with optional inclusion of RA 5 0 compatible stream Export to W...

Page 557: ...he new Apply Audio Effects button lest you destructively apply an audio track s effects to the track thereby freeing up CPU resources for more tracks and or effects For more information see To Apply M...

Page 558: ...neral tab Reorganized Menus The Tools menu has been split into two separate menus Tools and Options The MIDI Devices command Audio Options and all options type menu choices are now in the Options menu...

Page 559: ...pattern within a song in Cakewalk It is as simple to use as standard drum machine but unlike the hardware device it works within the program so no syncing is required It uses standard MIDI les so use...

Page 560: ...When you have nished a song you can save your song as a preset or create a MIDI drum track in your project Clear a Song Click the button to clear all the patterns from the Song section Move Down Selec...

Page 561: ...o organize your patterns into different folders and still have access to them from within the plug in You aren t limited to a single folder In addition the settings dialog also includes a drum map Thi...

Page 562: ...r a name for the new mapping in the drop down list 4 Click the Note If you do not select an output port the default port is set at 1 To Save as a Preset 1 Click to open the Settings dialog 2 Make the...

Page 563: ...Low Timbale 43 G3 High Floor Tom 67 G5 High Agogo 44 Ab3 Pedal Hi Hat 68 Ab5 Low Agogo 45 A3 Low Tom 69 A5 Cabasa 46 Bb3 Open Hi Hat 70 Bb5 Maracas 47 B3 Low Mid Tom 71 B5 Short Whistle 48 C4 Hi Mid...

Page 564: ...have been added to the track Session Drummer data always begins one measure into the track regardless of the Now Time To Apply Session Drummer as a Real time Effect 1 Start a new project 2 Open the Co...

Page 565: ...it the Delete key To remove all patterns from the Song pane click the button in the toolbar Creating Drum Styles for the Session Drummer The Session Drummer supports standard Type 0 MIDI les so that y...

Page 566: ...for General MIDI 2 Arrange patterns in a track making sure to align them to the first beat of each measure 3 Create and name one or more markers aligning them with the beginning of each measure 4 Sav...

Page 567: ...oop on measure boundaries Make sure that the volume of the pattern is constant with no volume increase or decreases Drumtrax Style files in the Session Drummer Experiment with sounds A Hip Hop or a Ra...

Page 568: ...the Session Drummer from the Song pane Once you have mapped out your song with other instruments go back to the drum arrangement and replace the looped patterns with other groove variations lls intros...

Page 569: ...ll use the mouse and keyboard while U 8 is on Note Turn the U 8 module off before you install Cakewalk Otherwise you will receive an error message Turn the U 8 module back on when you have successfull...

Page 570: ...pears while Cakewalk boots up U 8 s Track Status lights go off as soon as Cakewalk and U 8 connect Caution When you launch Cakewalk or open a new project it takes a few seconds for U 8 and Cakewalk to...

Page 571: ...or more information Note You must open the U 8 StudioWare panel representing U 8 s controls after you open Cakewalk To open the U 8 StudioWare panel select File Open and choose Roland U 8 Cakewalk Stu...

Page 572: ...lect a track group display U 8 s StudioWare panel press the Window button if the panel is not visible move U 8 s faders and confirm that the correct faders move in the StudioWare panel If you open a n...

Page 573: ...he Record Options dialog Press the Auto Punch button Execute the Previous Marker command Press the Prev button Execute the Next Marker command Press the Next button Insert a marker Press the Set Tap b...

Page 574: ...ording mono or stereo To record two tracks at the same time you can plug two mono instruments into the U 8 inputs and use the mouse to arm two tracks in Cakewalk In Cakewalk s Source column choose Lef...

Page 575: ...t channels Press the Next Marker button to move to the next page 6 On the Effect Selection page if you want to add an effect to your track use the Time Value wheel to scroll through the effects Pressi...

Page 576: ...tion track you want your mix to end up on Press the Next Marker button to move to the next page Pressing the Prev Marker button takes you back to the previous page 6 On the Effect Selection page use U...

Page 577: ...heel All System Effects in the list are labeled with the sys suffix When you find the effect you want select it by pressing U 8 s Enter button Press the Next Marker button to move to the next page 8 P...

Page 578: ...cordthrougheitherthe Guitar input or input B Stereo Choose this to record a stereo instrument through inputs A and B Move the Cursor buttons until the blue frame encloses the Input Inst Input button U...

Page 579: ...e effects processor either pre or post fader Move the Cursor buttons until the blue frame encloses the two Pre Post buttons Use Effects Mixer Control knobs 3 4 to choose values Send Turn this knob to...

Page 580: ...r button Note The Direct button does not respond unless an Insert button is highlighted and either Inst or Aux is highlighted under Record Master meter The Master meter measures playback volume throug...

Page 581: ...f the input Insert buttons turn off also Move the Cursor buttons until the blue frame encloses the Insert button and press U 8 s Enter button to turn the button on or off System button master Highligh...

Page 582: ...the Effects Patch Manager window Pressing U 8 s Exit button closes the window Advanced Basicbutton This button controls whether the Effects window is in its reduced Basic size or its larger Advanced s...

Page 583: ...dow or U 8 Effects window will not open Open the StudioWare panel first My effects did not record Select Apply Insert Effect in the EZ Record wizard I can t hear some of my audio tracks Make sure the...

Page 584: ...nds If you like it rewind and press Record Otherwise open the Effects window and choose another effect When you work with the U 8 Mixer always set the Track Status to Audio MIDI That way U 8 faders 5...

Page 585: ...1 14 7 2 to 7 9 distortion 4 17 importing 4 30 mixing 9 10 to 9 15 modules 9 13 recording See Recording audio routing 9 10 to 9 15 setting up for recording C 10 under SMPTE MTC Sync 15 11 Audio data 1...

Page 586: ...0 to 7 11 opening 7 10 overview 1 9 Audio Extract Timing 6 26 Auto arming 4 14 Auto punch 4 10 See also Punch recording Auto save 12 5 changing settings 4 34 Auto Send banks 14 6 Auto Shuttle 15 10 Au...

Page 587: ...Library 8 24 Chord Symbols 8 21 to 8 25 Chords 6 44 8 21 to 8 25 editing from the fretboard 8 35 properties of 8 22 Chorus 7 40 to 7 41 Clean Audio Disk 13 15 13 16 to 13 19 Clip size setting minimum...

Page 588: ...atio 7 45 Cut dB 7 34 Cycle 7 2 Cycles per second 7 2 D Data sysx 11 25 14 1 to 14 12 See also Audio data Decay 7 43 Decibel scale 7 7 to 7 8 Decrescendos 6 15 De ning instruments C 16 Deglitch lter 8...

Page 589: ...tering 4 37 Events arranging audio 7 1 audio 6 49 7 8 to 7 9 7 38 audio changing 6 19 channel aftertouch 6 29 controller 6 29 crossfading 7 36 editing 6 8 to 6 15 6 45 hearing 7 20 Key aftertouch 6 29...

Page 590: ...7 28 Fit Improvisation 5 27 6 16 6 26 to 6 27 Fit to Time 2 30 2 36 5 27 6 12 Flanging 7 42 frame rate 15 8 Frequency 7 2 fundamental 7 3 LFO 7 41 Fretboard changing appearance 8 31 displaying 8 6 hi...

Page 591: ...0 10 to 10 12 percussion 2 11 to 2 12 problems recording from MIDI A 2 to A 3 recording from MIDI 4 15 to 4 16 See also Instrument de nitions Instrument sound Interfaces custom software See also Studi...

Page 592: ...ia Control Interface command 6 44 6 48 11 26 MCIcmd event 6 44 Measure inserting a blank 6 11 Measures inserting 6 10 to 6 12 Meter 4 3 8 40 to 8 41 settings 12 5 Meter display 9 6 changing 9 6 Meter...

Page 593: ...IDI Out D 3 MIDI Sync 15 4 to 15 8 status messages 15 6 troubleshooting 15 8 with drum machine 15 7 MIDI sync freeze problem xing 15 8 MIDI System Exclusive messages 14 1 MIDI THRU jack C 8 MIDIEX bul...

Page 594: ...4 3 2 to 3 5 changing 3 3 how to use it 1 10 keyboard shortcuts 3 5 large print 2 4 3 4 NRPN Non Registered Parameter Number 6 34 6 35 6 36 6 44 assigning to instruments 10 14 data display 6 39 event...

Page 595: ...Detection 7 32 to 7 33 Pitch wheel 6 36 7 32 to 7 33 11 23 events thinning 16 5 parameters 6 43 Pitch bend data display 6 39 Play 3 6 Play List B 3 to B 4 purpose of 1 12 to play les from B 4 Playbac...

Page 596: ...rd Options 2 22 4 21 4 24 Recording Arming tracks for 4 14 arming tracks for 4 14 at low sampling rate 13 22 audio 4 16 to 4 29 choosing a source 4 11 connecting instruments and mixers C 10 to C 13 de...

Page 597: ...silence with 2 35 to 2 36 Search 6 27 Search Again 6 31 Search Next 6 27 Select All Siblings 5 21 5 23 Select by Filter 6 27 6 28 6 31 to 6 32 Select by Time 5 14 Select None 5 14 Sensitivity setting...

Page 598: ...3 6 4 15 4 20 4 21 4 23 4 24 Strength quantizing parameter 6 17 6 20 6 21 Stretch Audio 6 21 Striping 15 8 Stuck note stopping 3 6 StudioWare how to use it 1 10 StudioWare Controls grouping 11 6 to 11...

Page 599: ...zing to audio track 7 31 toolbar 5 27 to 5 28 view 5 31 to 5 33 Tempo Change 5 26 5 29 Tempo commands using 5 29 Tempo view how to use it 1 10 Text 6 44 Text event 6 44 THIN CHANNEL AFTERTOUCH CAL 16...

Page 600: ...ing 5 5 grouping 2 38 increasing number of 9 4 13 20 to 13 22 inserting 2 31 inserting blank 5 4 killing 5 5 maximum number of audio 13 20 mixing 13 21 muting 2 8 to 2 9 3 12 9 13 output devices of 3...

Page 601: ...project 3 30 setting start time 3 32 setting trim time 3 32 Video display format setting 3 31 Video view setting background color of 3 32 View options display clip names 5 7 Views 1 4 to 1 11 Audio 7...

Page 602: ...rting custom bitmaps to 11 29 to 11 30 11 44 Knob 11 29 LED 11 29 linking 11 28 linking commands to 11 26 Meter 11 29 11 41 parameters 11 20 properties of 11 21 redirecting messages to ports 11 34 siz...

Page 603: ...to support your use of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT 2 6 You may not perform engineering analyses of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT including performance anal yses or benchmark analyses without the written permission o...

Page 604: ...t the Product was developed at private expense and that the computer software component is provided to you subject to RESTRICTED RIGHTS The rights of the government regarding its use duplication repro...

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