E-20
Function Calculations
For actual operations using each function, see the “Examples” section
following the list below.
ππ
:
π
is displayed as 3.141592654, but
π
= 3.14159265358980 is used for
internal calculations.
e
:
e
is displayed as 2.718281828, but
e
= 2.71828182845904 is used for
internal calculations.
sin, cos, tan, sin
−1
, cos
−1
, tan
−1
:
Trigonometric functions. Specify the
angle unit before performing calculations. See
1
.
sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh
−1
, cosh
−1
, tanh
−1
:
Hyperbolic functions. Input a
function from the menu that appears when you press
w
. The angle unit
setting does not affect calculations. See
2
.
°,
r
,
g
:
These functions specify the angle unit. ° specifies degrees,
r
radians,
and
g
grads. Input a function from the menu that appears when you perform
the following key operation:
1G
(DRG
'
). See
3
.
$
,
%
:
Exponential functions. Note that the input method is different
depending upon whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display.
See
4
.
log
:
Logarithmic function. Use the
l
key to input log
a
b as log (
a
,
b
). Base
10 is the default setting if you do not input anything for
a
. The
&
key also
can be used for input, but only while Natural Display is selected. In this
case, you must input a value for the base. See
5
.
ln
:
Natural logarithm to base
e
. See
6
.
x
2
,
x
3
,
x
^
,
)
,
#
,
"
,
x
−1
:
Powers, power roots, and reciprocals. Note
that the input methods for
x
^
,
)
,
#
, and
"
are different depending upon
whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display. See
7
.
Note:
• The following functions cannot be input in consecutive sequence:
x
2
,
x
3
,
x
^
,
x
−1
. If you input 2
ww
, for example, the final
w
will be ignored.
To input 2
2
2
, input 2
w
, press the
d
key, and then press
w
(
B
).
•
x
2
,
x
3
,
x
−1
can be used in complex number calculations.
:
Function for performing numerical integration using the Gauss-Kronrod
method. Natural Display input syntax is
∫
a
b
f
(
x
), while Linear Display input
syntax is
∫
(
f
(
x
),
a
,
b
,
tol
).
tol
specifies tolerance, which becomes 1
×
10
–5
when nothing is input for
tol
. Also see “Integration and Differential
Calculation Precautions” and “Tips for Successful Integration Calculations”
for more information. See
8
.
F
:
Function for approximation of the derivative based on the central
difference method. Natural Display input syntax is
dx
d
(
f
(
x
))
x
=
a
, while
Linear Display input syntax is
dx
d
(
f
(
x
),
a
,
tol
).
tol
specifies tolerance,
which becomes 1
×
10
–10
when nothing is input for
tol
. Also see “Integration
and Differential Calculation Precautions” for more information. See
9
.
8
:
Function that, for a specified range of
f
(
x
), determines sum
Σ
(
f
(
x
))
x
=
a
b
=
f
(
a
) +
f
(
a
+1) +
f
(
a
+2) + ...+
f
(
b
). Natural Display input syntax is
Σ
(
f
(
x
))
x
=
a
b
,
while Linear Display input syntax is
Σ
(
f
(
x
),
a
,
b
).
a
and
b
are integers that