background image

21

“D-Max” Clip Limiter

The main limitation with traditional dynamics control is the inability of the processing to react truly 

instantaneously to the signal. One of the most significant advantages of digital signal processing over 
analogue is the ability to delay the audio signal precisely and without extensive complex hardware. The entire 
domain  of  digital  signal  processing  is  based  around  the  combination  of  delaying,  multiplying,  and 
accumulating numbers (representing samples of audio) to implement all the filters and dynamics processing 
we have come to expect today.

In the case of dynamics processing, being able to delay a signal allows the processor module to delay the 

main signal in relation to the sidechain (the signal being monitored relative to the threshold), so that it can 
compensate for peaks prior to the arrival of the main signal.

Consider the situation of a monitor engineer listening to a band perform.  Having no access to dynamics 

processors, he has had to resort to manually 'riding the faders' in an attempt to keep control of the levels. 
Should the level of one of the channels on his desk reach an unacceptably high level, he will turn it down 
appropriately.

In this case, the delay between the signal actually going over the threshold, the engineer registering the 

situation, and then turning the signal down will be in the order of several hundred milliseconds at best. This 
will only be true if he is not distracted – in reality, it may be several seconds before any gain reduction is 
imposed on the signal to bring it under control.

For an analogue dynamics processor, the situation is 

much better. Controlling the gain electronically, and not 
relying on a human sidechain feedback mechanism, it 
can react much more quickly.

The  red  waveform  represents  the  input  to  the 

dynamics  module,  with  the  dotted  line  showing  the 
threshold for gain control to occur. There are several 
peaks towards the start of this signal that are above the 
threshold, and so the dynamics processing should react 
to these as appropriate. (In this case reduce the gain).

The  blue  waveform  shows  the  output  of  the 

dynamics module. The circled peak demonstrates that 
the  processor  has  missed  the  first  peak  above  the 
threshold (as it is very fast and short), but has 'caught 
up' shortly afterwards, keeping all other peaks under 
control. As it is unable to predict what is coming, this 
will  always  be  a  failing  with  analogue  dynamics 
processing.

There is a hidden sidechain in 

operation even in this case. The 
main signal path is fed through 
the  monitor  desk  and  the  gain 
controlled by adjusting the fader. 
The sidechain is formed by the 
feedback  path  between  the 
engineer's ears checking the level 
and his brain instructing his hand 
to  turn  the  fader  down  if  the 
volume goes over the threshold 
he has chosen.

Manual de Usuario

DSP-2040

Summary of Contents for DSP-2040

Page 1: ...uipo lea la secci n Precauciones de seguridad de este manual Conserveestemanualparafuturasconsultas Before operating the device please read the Safety precautions section of this manual Retainthismanu...

Page 2: ...60065 2001 If the fuse needs to be replaced please pay attention to correct type and ratings Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms earthquakes or when unused for long periods of time Do not i...

Page 3: ...icitar reparaci n en garant a es imprescindible que el producto no haya sido previamente manipulado e incluir una fotocopia de la factura de compra All our products are warrantied against any manufact...

Page 4: ...al use Part 2 Immunity l EN 50581 2012 Technical documentation for the assessment of electrical and electronic products with respect to the restriction of hazardous substances Cumple con los objetivos...

Page 5: ...cription Rear panel description Operating the device Editing audio parameters Input channels Editing audio parameters Output channels Input ganging and output ganging Memory structure Security and loc...

Page 6: ...DSP 2040 User s Manual...

Page 7: ...erface may also be fitted to allow remote memory recalls using simple switch closure apparatus Security lock out is available for all controls Features Superb audio quality carefully optimised double...

Page 8: ...o the default screen 2 3 4 5 ENTER 6 BYPASS 7 QUIT 8 Rotary Encoders Three velocity sensitive encoders adjust the relevant parameters as displayed on the screen Input Sections Control and monitor inpu...

Page 9: ...nnector for connection to a PC 3 Audio Outputs 3 pin XLR sockets are provided for each channel All are fully balanced pin 2 hot pin 3 cold pin 1 screen 4 Audio Inputs 3 pin XLR sockets are provided fo...

Page 10: ...NTER Use the BACK or NEXT key to select Design a crossover and then press ENTER Finally use the BACK or NEXT key to select the desired routingand follow the set up wizard to finalise your design Note...

Page 11: ...nput Channel Makeup The diagram below shows the processing available on each of the four input channels before routing to the matrix Output Channel Makeup The diagram below shows the processing availa...

Page 12: ...LOW OUTPUT 40 1Hz 1 62kHz HIGH OUTPUT 1 62kHz 22 2kHz HIGH OUTPUT 1 62kHz 22 2kHz 2 x 2 way crossover As shown each input feeds a pair of outputs odd numbers being the low frequency split and even num...

Page 13: ...ll four outputs with input B unused The crossover points can be adjusted as desired Note Input B will be muted and cannot be unmuted OUTPUT 1 15Hz 149Hz OUTPUT 2 149Hz 1 31kHz OUTPUT 3 1 31kHz 8kHz OU...

Page 14: ...press ENTER The EDIT key will illuminate for output 1 as will any relevant input EDIT keys showing which inputs are feeding output 1 The display will also detail the current combination of inputs feed...

Page 15: ...Input parametric EQ The display shows IPA Input A Gain Input Gain 6 0dB IPA Input A Delay Base Delay 0 00mS IPA Input A PEQ 1 1k00Hz Q 3 0 0 0dB Use the GAIN allow to change its value Pressing ENTER...

Page 16: ...non inverted phase Output delay The maximum available delay between any input and output is 650mS For example if the input delay on channel A is set to 500mS the maximum available output delay for any...

Page 17: ...e slope High Low Freq Overlap will be displayed Note that to access the 48dB Octave filters parametric bands 6 7 need to be bypassed or set to 0dB If they are not the message Bypass PEQ s 6 7 To Acces...

Page 18: ...er be exceeded The release time can be automatically linked to the high pass filter frequency so that it is set to a value appropriate for the output s frequency range If this feature is enabled the d...

Page 19: ...g 3 4 4 must be selected and then ganged to 3 Outputs cannot share more than one ganging set so for example output 3 cannot be ganged to 2 and 4 unless they are ganged together as well Effectively 3 a...

Page 20: ...also combinations Input Xover These and all combinations of memory types appear in the GLOBAL MEMORY Sub Menu and its operation warrants a little more explanation Selecting to STORE or RECALL using th...

Page 21: ...hange all the parameters Note that storage and erasure of memories does not follow quite the same rules being simpler in its operation Selecting Input and Crossover during a Store will skip any memori...

Page 22: ...tput parameters the crossover sections are completely locked All mutes remain active Xover Trim Mute As for Xover Trim but additionally output mutes are locked Input mutes remain active Changes Only A...

Page 23: ...ntarily After a few seconds the unit will ask for a security code Use the EDIT keys in the same manner as for entering lock codes see page 20 for details and enter 2121 The display will show Enter XTA...

Page 24: ...may sound awful In particular as with all limiters using too fast an attack or release time will result in excessive low frequency distortion In the Design a Crossover sub menu there is an option for...

Page 25: ...urning the signal down will be in the order of several hundred milliseconds at best This will only be true if he is not distracted in reality it may be several seconds before any gain reduction is imp...

Page 26: ...similar results but with the penalty of delaying the main signal by the amount of look ahead delay introduced The D Max limiter which appears in output lists just following the traditional limiter has...

Page 27: ...speaker manufacturer s specification Have a release time which is sufficiently long to avoid the limiter itself modulating the program Be intelligent enough to adjust the envelope of the limiter accor...

Page 28: ...ossover filter settings Time Alignment A further advantage of the DSP 2060 over conventional products is the provision of an independently adjustable delay section for each output This allows the true...

Page 29: ...gh Shelf shown InA Input A HSF 1 1k00Hz Q 3 0 0 0dB Remember to change filter types press BYPASS to bypass the filter and then use ENTER to select the filter type The shelving EQ has adjustable freque...

Page 30: ...l adjust the damping of the filter so that low Q settings show less overshoot at the turnover frequency but also slower roll off Remember that Q is 1 Bandwidth so the higher the Q the lower the Bandwi...

Page 31: ...ad 600 ohms Max Level 20dBm into 600 ohms MUTE ON OFF Frequency Resp dB 20Hz 20kHz Dyn Range 116dB 20Hz 20kHz unweighted Distortion 02 1kHz 18dBm Maximum Delay 650 mS Min Step Size 0 3uS Input Gain 6d...

Page 32: ...88 DAS 4 USA DAS Audio Asia PTE LTD 3 Temasek Avenue Centennial Tower 34 36 Singapore 039190 Tel 65 6549 7760 DAS Audio Group S L C Islas Baleares 24 46988 Fuente del Jarro Valencia SPAIN Tel 34 96 13...

Reviews: