RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS
21
INSTALLATION AND SERVICE
Leak detection
Whenever possible the compressor
must be kept isolated from the sys-
tem during leak detection by closing
the suction and discharge valves Use
a mixture of nitrogen and the final re-
frigerant (eg. R404A or R507) and use
a leak detector for the applied refrige-
rant. A spectrometric detection system
using helium can also be applied. Note
that leak detection with refrigerant
may not be allowed in some countries.
Do not use other gasses such as oxy-
gen, dry air or acetylene as these gas-
ses can form an inflammable mixture
with the compressor oil. Never use CFC
or HCFC refrigerants for leak detection
of HFC systems. Leak detecting additi-
ves shall not be used as they may af-
fect the lubricant properties. Warranty
may be voided if leak detection additi-
ves have been used.
Eventual leaks shall be repaired respec-
ting the instructions written above.
Vacuum pump-down and
dehydration procedure
Moisture obstructs proper operation
of the compressor and the rest of the
refrigeration system. Air and moisture
reduce service life, increase conden-
sing pressure and cause excessively
high discharge temperatures, which
are capable of destroying the lubri-
cating properties of the oil. Air and
moisture also increase the risk of acid
formation, thus giving rise to copper
plating. All these phenomena can ul-
timately induce mechanical and elec-
trical compressor failure. To eliminate
these risks, it is recommended to per-
form the following vacuum pull-down
procedure:
1.
To the extent possible (i.e. if valves
are present), the compressor must be
kept isolated from the system.
2.
After leak detection, the system
must be pulled-down under a vacuum
of 500 microns (0.67 mbar). A two-sta-
ge vacuum pump shall be used with
a capacity appropriate for the system
volume. It is recommended to use
connection lines with a large diame-
ter and to connect these lines to the
service valves and not to the schrader
connection, so as to avoid excessive
pressure losses.
3.
Once the vacuum level of 500 mi-
crons has been reached, the system
must be isolated from the vacuum
pump. Wait 30 minutes; during this
time, system pressure should not rise.
However, if the pressure were to ra-
pidly increase, the system would not
be leak-tight and leak detection and
repair would have to be repeated;
also, the vacuum pull-down proce-
dure would have to be restarted from
Step 1. A slowly-increasing pressure
would indicate the presence of mois-
ture, in which case Steps 2 and 3
should be repeated.
4.
Connect the compressor to the sys-
tem by means of opening the valves.
Repeat Steps 2 and 3.
5.
Break the vacuum with either nitro-
gen or the ultimate refrigerant.
6.
Repeat Steps 2 and 3 on the total
system.
Upon commissioning, the system
moisture content may be as high as
100 ppm. During compressor opera-
tion, the filter drier must reduce this
content to a level of 20 to 50 ppm.
Warning:
Do not use a megohmmeter or apply
power to the compressor while it is
under vacuum as this may cause mo-
tor winding damage, and never run
the compressor under vacuum as this
may cause the compressor motor to
burnout.
Refer to News bulletin "Vacuum pump
down and dehydration procedure" for
more complete information.
Start-up
Before initial start-up or after a pro-
longed shut-down period, energise
the crankcase heater 12 hours prior to
start-up. If the crankcase heater can-
not be energised long enough before
start-up, the compressor shall be hea-
ted in another way (for example with
an electric heater or flood light) to boil
off refrigerant from the oil. This is par-
ticulary important when ambient tem-
perature is low at commissioning.
Summary of Contents for Maneurop NTZ048
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