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4.2 Fouling

There are four types of fouling common to UF operations including particulate, biological, 
inorganic, and organic.

Particulate fouling

 is caused by suspended solids, colloids, and turbidity that can be 

reduced by coagulation, sedimentation, clarification, and media filtration. The common 
cleaning method for particulate fouling is air scour and backwash.

Biological fouling 

is caused by the growth of microorganisms that can be reduced by 

using in-line chemical feed of chlorine or biocide or by elimination of nutrients by using 
PAC,  GAC,  or  coagulation.  The  common  cleaning  method  for  removal  of  biological 
fouling is Chemically Enhanced Backwash (CEB) with oxidizers or biocides (Cl , H O , and 

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SBS).

Inorganic fouling

 is caused by the precipitation of inorganics on the membrane that 

can be reduced by using oxidation/precipitation and filtration as pretreatment to the UF or 
in some cases using low hardness water for the alkali chemically enhanced backwash.

UF membranes should be handled in such a way to help control the spread of and reduce 
bio-growth during long-term storage, shipping or system shutdowns.
UF modules should be shipped and stored in their original factory packaging and loaded 
into the system skids just prior to start-up. If the UF membrane is exposed to air for an 
extended  period  of  time,  the  membrane  may  become  dry  and  at  risk  to  irreversible 
damage and therefore, it is important to keep the membrane wetted.

UF membranes are recommended to be shipped and stored in their original packaging 
separate from the system skids, and loaded into the system just prior to start-up.
The following guidelines should be followed for the storage of new UF modules.

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Keep modules in original factory packaging.

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To prevent collapse of boxed modules, limit vertical stacking.

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Store inside a cool and dry building or warehouse away from sources of heat. 

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Ambient temperature are between 20 C ot 35 C.

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Sealed membranes may be stored up to 1 year from the date of manufacture, 
at the recommended storage conditions in the original packaging without 
additional measures required for storage.

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Temperature limits for modules during shipping and storage should be limited 

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to 5 C to 45 C. 

4.3 Handling and Storage procedure for UF membranes

 The common cleaning method for removal of inorganic fouling is chemically enhanced 
backwash with acid at pH 2 (HCl, H2SO4, Citric, Oxalic Acid).

Organic fouling

 is caused by organics adsorbing on the membrane (silt, organic acids, 

and  humus)  that  can  be  reduced  by  using  PAC,  GAC,  or  coagulation.  The  common 
cleaning method for removal of organic fouling is CEB with alkali at pH 12 (NaOH).

Summary of Contents for BUF 4

Page 1: ...Installation Operating Manual BUF 4 Ultrafiltration Treatment Plant...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...2 1 Equipment Speci cation 4 2 2 Module Description 4 3 OPERATION 5 3 1 Pre Treatment 5 3 2 Filtration Flushing Process 5 3 3 Start Up Start Up Pre Checks 8 3 4 Module Flushing 8 3 5 Shutdown 8 4 1 C...

Page 4: ...treatment of groundwater with high TDS levels Standard models are suitable for low turbidity up to 15NTU raw water applications Systems are frame mounted and supplied as complete units with all neces...

Page 5: ...ut frequent operational intervention Due to the efficiency of the membranes it also offers considerable savings over conventional systems and is the ideal solution where potable water is required OPER...

Page 6: ...membrane expressed in microns BUF4 membranes have a 100K pore size Different membrane materials with the same nominal MWCO may have differing particle rejection Pore size distribution and uniformity r...

Page 7: ...nt operation including normal filtration and flushing cycle High efficiency single Dayliff feed backwash Cleaning pump saving energy i e Low CAPEX and OPEX Integrated automated backwash flushing clean...

Page 8: ...UF system which must be frequently cleaned at least once a day depending on the quality of water A variety of technologies can be used such as self cleaning screens and bag cartridge or disc filters D...

Page 9: ...ater is converted into a filtrate As contaminants are removed during the filtration mode the trans membrane pressure TMP increases difference in pressure between the feed and the filtrate line At the...

Page 10: ...lush Valve Flush CIP Tank 100LT Drain Solenoid Drain Valve FILTRATE Dayliff UF Membrane The Clean in Place CIP is performed by circulating CIP chemicals until UF membrane recovers operating flow and p...

Page 11: ...er operation of float valve in the Flush CIP tank 9 Confirm filtrate water quality is okay 10 Confirm dry running protection by closing and opening the raw water source 3 4 Module Flushing The Ultrafi...

Page 12: ...in pH The process operating parameters for the cleaning steps are provided in table below Summary of Cleaning Process Flushing Frequency Once every 20 to 60 minutes water source or pilot test reaults...

Page 13: ...he system skids just prior to start up If the UF membrane is exposed to air for an extended period of time the membrane may become dry and at risk to irreversible damage and therefore it is important...

Page 14: ......

Page 15: ...ctrical Issues Check to ensure that there are no electrical fuses blown or breakers tripped and that all electrical connections are secure Use a voltmeter to verify that the pump motor is getting suff...

Page 16: ...embrane and examine the interconnector O rings to ensure they are in position and free of cuts and debris Defective Or Oxidized Membrane If the membrane has been exposed to certain solvents or oxidant...

Page 17: ...lity Instruments malfunction Keep instruments calibrated Cross check values with handheld devices or off line laboratory equipment Membrane Abrasion Check pre filters debris in pipes examine membrane...

Page 18: ...liability implied by law the liability of Dayliff in respect of any defect or failure of equipment supplied is limited to making good by replacement or repair at the Company s discretion defects which...

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Page 21: ...INS499A 11 22 www davisandshirtliff com...

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