3) Operating principle
The turbocharger is a system designed to make use of the engine exhaust gas energy to
charge high-density air into the cylinders, thereby to increase the engine output.
10.4.2. General descriptions
The engine output is determined by the fuel delivery volume and engine efficiency.To burn the
supplied fuel completely to change into effective power for the engine, the volume of air
enough to burn the fuel completely should be supplied into the cylinders.Therefore, the
engine output is determined substantially by the cylinder capacity, and a greater volume of
compressed air is charged into cylinders of given capacity, the greater engine output can be
obtained as a greater volume of air charged into the cylinders burns so much more fuel.
As explained, the compressing of air to supply into the cylinders is called “Supercharging” and
the making use of the energy of exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber to
charge the compressed air into the cylinders is called “Turbocharging”.
10.4.3. Functions
1) Turbine
Exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber distributes its own energy to the turbine
blades while passing the inside of the turbine housing, with the result that the turbine shaft can
get rotating force. This is the operating principle of ‘turbine’, which is mounted with seal rings
and heat protector to prevent exhaust gas from affecting the bearings adversely.
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