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3. Inspection standards of BGA
For BGA assembled on PCB, inspection standard is a very important issue. Before
BGA is applied to the PCB, most BGA manufacturers don't use X-ray in process of
inspection. Instead, they employ some traditional methods to test PCB, such as automatic
optical inspection, man-eye inspection or on-line function test. However, these methods
can't detect the invisible problems very exactly, such as poor soldering, cold welding and
bridging. The X-ray can discover these problems very efficiently. At the same time, it can
do live monitoring, guarantee the quality, and realize the in-time feedback of the process
control,
a. Evaluation of X-ray
When BGA is first used on BGA, X-ray can evaluate the solder-reflow according to the
situation of un-solder area or areas around it. Open-circuit, non-touching and other similar
situations show the solder paste has not reflow enough. Bridging may result from the fact
that the temperature is too high for the solder to liquefy. So the solder flows from the pad
to the interval between them, causing short-circuit.
Poor welding should be evaluated objectively: it is not so terrible; the key point is that the
welding spots can still be welded on the pad. The ideal situation is no poor welding. Poor
welding may be caused by pollution or the uneven distribution of flux paste. What's more,
warped PCB may also lead to poor welding. Open-circuit welding spot may exist, too.
The quantity and size of poor welding are the key factors to decide whether it will
be accepted. Generally the size of single poor welding should be less than 50% of the
solder ball's diameter. If the ball is surrounded by reflow solder, BGA is able to work. It
is a very critical standard. The electrical properties may meet the requirements but the
mechanical strength will be affected.
PCB with BGA must use X-ray evaluation systems that can decern holes of less
than 100
μ
m diameter. The X-ray must be able to observe from top-down and tilt. X-rays
is a reliable guarantee of successful BGA welding,
b. Proposed inspection criteria
The inspection criteria will help X-ray inspection system confirm some typical
welding problems, which is related with the use of BGA device. It includes the following
factors:
(1)Poor welding
Poor welding results from the expansion of compounds in solder during the heating
of BGA. BGA with poor welding may cause some problems such as ineffectiveness. The
inspection criterias are as follows: the size of single poor welding should be no more than
20% of the solder ball's diameter, with no single poor welding on the surface; if many
poor welding may exist, the total should be no more than 20% of the solder ball's
diameter.
(2)Desoldering spots
Summary of Contents for Bird AC-5K
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