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E78-868LN22S User Mannual
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4. Terms and Definitions
2.1 LoRa
LoRa is one of the LPWAN communication technologies, known as Long Range Radio, means "long distance radio";
The company that currently dominates the technology is semtech abroad;
LoRa's main ISM brand is in the global free band: 433MHz, 470MHz, 868MHz, 915MHz, etc.
Features: Low power consumption, long distance, low cost.
2.2 LoRaWAN
The LoRa Alliance is an open, non-profit organization led by Semtech in March 2015. The Alliance released a low-power
wide area network standard based on the open source MAC layer protocol: the LoRaWAN protocol standard.Network
topology: star structureNetwork composition: LoRa module, gateway (Gateway or base station), Server (including Network
Server, Network control, Application Server). LoRaWAN divides LoRa nodes into three categories: A/B/C:
Two-way transmission terminal (Class A):
The Class A terminal will follow two short downlink receiving windows immediately after each uplink to achieve two-way
transmission. The terminal arranges the transmission time slot based on its own communication requirements, with small
changes on the basis of random time (that is, the ALOHA protocol). This Class A operation provides the application with the
lowest power consumption terminal system, and only requires the application to perform the server's downlink transmission
within a short time after the terminal's uplink transmission. Downlink transmission by the server at any other time has to wait
for the next uplink of the terminal.
Two-way transmission terminal with designated receiving time slot (Class B):
Class B terminals will have more receiving time slots. In addition to the random receiving window of Class A, Class B
devices will also open other receiving windows at the specified time. In order for the terminal to open the receiving window
at a specified time, the terminal needs to receive a time synchronization beacon (Beacon) from the gateway. This allows the
server to know when the terminal is listening.
Two-way transmission terminal that maximizes the receiving time slot (Class C):
The Class C terminal basically keeps the receiving window open all the time, and only closes it briefly when sending.
Class C terminals consume more power than Class A and Class B, but at the same time, the delay from the server to the
terminal is also the shortest.
Note: E78-868LN22S(6601) supports Class A and Class C equipment types;
2.3 ADR
ADR is called adaptive data rate. In the loraWan network system, in order to maximize the battery life and overall
network capacity of the terminal device, the LoRaWAN network server manages the data rate and RF output of each
terminal device through the adaptive data rate (ADR) algorithm. Through the ADR technology, In the LORAWAN system,
the server automatically updates and sets the speed of the node according to the signal receiving ability of the node. The
