Epson ET-4550, Service Manual

Page 1: ...E MANUAL SERVICE MANUAL CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL C Co olo lor I r I nkj nkje et t Pr Pri int nte er r Epson ET 4550 3600 Epson ET 4550 3600 Epson L655 656 605 606 Epson L655 656 605 606 SEMF15 002 SEMF15 002 ...

Page 2: ...hem med of them The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice The above not withstanding SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION can assume no responsibility for any errors in this The above not withstanding SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION can assume no responsibility for any errors in this manual or the consequences thereof manual or the...

Page 3: ... rs on Epson produ n product shou ct should be perf ld be performed o ormed only by an Ep nly by an Epson cert son certified re ified repair tec pair technicia hnician n 2 2 No work shou No work should be perfo ld be performed on this pr rmed on this produc oduct by persons un t by persons unfamili familiar with basic saf ar with basic safety know ety knowledge re ledge require quired for d for el...

Page 4: ...terior parts 14 14 Never use oil or grease other than Never use oil or grease other than those specified in this manual Use of diff those specified in this manual Use of different types of oil or grease may erent types of oil or grease may damage the component or give bad influence on damage the component or give bad influence on the printer function the printer function 15 15 Apply the Apply the ...

Page 5: ... to provide additional information on a specific topic or topic or to warn of possible danger present to warn of possible danger present during a procedure or an action Pay attention t during a procedure or an action Pay attention to all symbols when they are o all symbols when they are used and always read explanation thoroughly and follow the i used and always read explanation thoroughly and fol...

Page 6: ...he the Print Print Quality P27 Quality P27 2 1 5 2 2 1 5 2 Factors Factors Which Which Affect Affect the the Safety Safety of of Service Service Person Person such such as as Ink Ink Leakage Leakage during during Operation P30 Operation P30 2 1 5 4 2 1 5 4 Discharging Discharging Procedure Procedure P34 P34 2 3 2 Disassembly Flowchart 2 3 2 Disassembly Flowchart CISS CISS System P40 System P40 2 4...

Page 7: ...chart Flowchart 37 37 2 4 2 4 Detailed Detailed Disassembly Reassembly Disassembly Reassembly Procedure Procedure for for each each Part Unit 44 Part Unit 44 2 5 2 5 Routing Routing FFCs cables FFCs cables 50 50 Chapter 3 Adjustment Chapter 3 Adjustment 3 1 3 1 Required Required Adjustments Adjustments 54 54 3 2 3 2 Adjustment Adjustment Program Program 58 58 3 2 1 3 2 1 Operating Operating Enviro...

Page 8: ...8 8 E Ep ps so on n E ET T 4 45 55 50 0 L L6 65 55 5 6 65 56 6 R Re ev vi is si io on n B B Confidential Confidential 5 2 2 5 2 2 Securing Securing the the Stacker Stacker Assy Assy 77 77 ...

Page 9: ...Confidential Confidential CHAPTER CHAPTER 1 1 TROUBLESHOOTING TROUBLESHOOTING ...

Page 10: ...heck the return is evident first check the phenomenon user claims recurs phenomenon user claims recurs then proceed to then proceed to the troubleshooting the troubleshooting 5 5 What is returned reason What is returned reason 2 2 Standby condition Standby condition 3 3 Is printing operation Is printing operation finished without error finished without error Start Start Turn on the printer Turn on...

Page 11: ...ition 2 2 1 1 Print Printhead head initi initializat alization ion 3 3 1 1 Initializes the Printhead 1 1 Initializes the Printhead 2 2 Mainte Maintenance nance error error detect detection ion 2 1 Checks the tube maintenance counter for ink tube errors 2 1 Checks the tube maintenance counter for ink tube errors 2 2 Checks the waste ink counter if the waste ink overflow is occurring 2 2 Checks the ...

Page 12: ...nd in front of the Left Frame two times 6 1 The CR Unit moves between around the switch lever and in front of the Left Frame two times 6 2 The measured CR acceleration delay time is recorded in the EEPROM 6 2 The measured CR acceleration delay time is recorded in the EEPROM 7 7 CR m CR meas easure uremen ment t 7 1 The CR Unit moves until it touches the Right Frame 7 1 The CR Unit moves until it t...

Page 13: ...re 0x02 0x02 100002 100002 ADF PID reverse error ADF PID reverse error ADF Encode ADF Encoder failure cont r failure contaminat aminated det ed detached scal ached scale Encoder Boar e Encoder Board d failure failure Pa Pape per r ja jam m 0x03 0x03 100003 100003 ADF PID lock error ADF PID lock error ADF Encode ADF Encoder failure cont r failure contaminat aminated det ed detached scal ached scale...

Page 14: ...Loading Loading eject ejecting paper ing papers out of the sta s out of the standard ra ndard range or curle nge or curled papers d papers Usi Using lon ng long pape g papers Le rs Legal or lo gal or longe nger r 0x41 0x41 100065 100065 FB PID excess speed error FB PID excess speed error ADF Encode ADF Encoder failure cont r failure contaminat aminated det ed detached scal ached scale Encoder Boar...

Page 15: ...6 65 55 5 6 65 56 6 R Re ev vi is si io on n B B 0x6B 0x6B 000107 000107 PF runaway error PF runaway error PF Encoder fa PF Encoder failure co ilure contamin ntaminated d ated detache etached scale Enco d scale Encoder Board der Board failure failure Mot Motor or dri driver ver fai failur lure e 0x7F 0x7F 000111 000111 Inspection mode timing error Inspection mode timing error 0x8D 0x8D 000141 0001...

Page 16: ...R Timing Timing Belt Belt Carria Carriage overl ge overload erro oad error paper r paper jam fo jam foreign ob reign object ject E Ep ps so on n E ET T 4 45 55 50 0 L L6 65 55 5 6 65 56 6 R Re ev vi is si io on n B B Printer Printer 0xE8 0xE8 000232 000232 CR load position reverse error CR load position reverse error CR Encoder fai CR Encoder failure con lure contamina taminated de ted detache tac...

Page 17: ...xF9 0xF9 000249 000249 PF load position reverse error PF load position reverse error PF Encoder fa PF Encoder failure co ilure contamin ntaminated d ated detache etached scale Enco d scale Encoder Board der Board failure failure Motor d Motor driver river failur failure Mai e Main Board n Board failu failure re Slippi Slipping gears h ng gears have occ ave occurred ar urred around the ound the PF ...

Page 18: ...Confidential Confidential T Tr ro ou ub bl le es sh ho oo ot ti in ng g 1 18 8 CHAPTER CHAPTER 2 2 DISASSEMBLY REASSEMBLY DISASSEMBLY REASSEMBLY ...

Page 19: ...en you have to remove units or When you have to remove units or parts that are not described in parts that are not described in this chapter see the exploded diagrams this chapter see the exploded diagrams of SPI of SPI Service Parts Information Service Parts Information 2 1 1 Tools 2 1 1 Tools Use only specified tools to Use only specified tools to avoid damaging the printer avoid damaging the pr...

Page 20: ... mm me er rc ci ia al ll ly y a av va ai il la ab bl le e T Tu ub be e c cl li ip p 4 4 C Co om mm me er rc ci ia al ll ly y a av va ai il la ab bl le e E Ep ps so on n E ET T 4 45 55 50 0 L L6 65 55 5 6 65 56 6 R Re ev vi is si io on n B B 2 1 3 2 1 3 Locations Locations of the of the Parts Units Parts Units This section shows the This section shows the locations of the main parts units locations...

Page 21: ...lter Assy p42 FAX Filter Assy p42 4 4 Panel Unit p39 Panel Unit p39 11 11 Duplex Unit p37 Duplex Unit p37 5 5 Cassette Assy p37 Cassette Assy p37 12 12 Waste Ink Pad Assy p39 Waste Ink Pad Assy p39 6 6 ADF LD Cover Assy p39 ADF LD Cover Assy p39 13 13 Hinge p39 Hinge p39 7 7 ADF Pad Assy p40 ADF Pad Assy p40 13 13 11 11 12 12 10 10 E Ep ps so on n E ET T 4 45 55 50 0 L L6 65 55 5 6 65 56 6 R Re ev...

Page 22: ...Belt p43 5 5 PW Sensor p43 PW Sensor p43 3 3 Holder Board p39 Holder Board p39 4 4 5 5 3 3 E Ep ps so on n E ET T 4 45 55 50 0 L L6 65 55 5 6 65 56 6 R Re ev vi is si io on n B B Figur Figure 2 4 e 2 4 Print Printer Mec er Mechani hanism L sm Left eft N No o N Na am me e N No o N Na am me e 1 1 Main Board Assy p41 Main Board Assy p41 4 4 EJ Roller Gear p41 EJ Roller Gear p41 2 2 Panel FFC p39 Pane...

Page 23: ...der Cam Assy p41 4 4 Star Wheel Holder Assy p41 Star Wheel Holder Assy p41 8 8 CR Motor p43 CR Motor p43 5 5 7 7 8 8 6 6 E Ep ps so on n E ET T 4 45 55 50 0 L L6 65 55 5 6 65 56 6 R Re ev vi is si io on n B B Ink Tank Unit Ink Tank Unit Figur Figure 2 e 2 6 6 Ink Ink Tank Tank Unit Unit 1 1 N No o N Na am me e N No o N Na am me e 1 1 Tube Guide Sheet p44 Tube Guide Sheet p44 5 5 Tube Lock p44 Tube...

Page 24: ...standard operation time differs slightly due to ET 4550 L655 656 the standard operation time differs slightly due to the differences in structure however the differences in structure however perform servicing referrin perform servicing referring to this operation standard time g to this operation standard time The underlined parts units are supplied as After Service Parts The underlined parts unit...

Page 25: ...M M Y Y 2 2 1 10 0 2 2 1 10 0 T Tu ub be e G Gu ui id de e S Sh he ee et t 1 1 5 58 8 1 1 5 58 8 E Ep ps so on n E ET T 4 45 55 50 0 L L6 65 55 5 6 65 56 6 R Re ev vi is si io on n B B I In nk k S Su up pp pl ly y A Ad da ap pt te er r T Tu ub be e A As ss sy y 5 5 4 48 8 5 5 4 48 8 H Ho ou us si in ng g U Up pp pe er r 1 1 5 51 1 1 1 5 51 1 S Sp pe ea ak ke er r 0 0 5 52 2 0 0 5 52 2 T Tu ub be e...

Page 26: ... on n E ET T 4 45 55 50 0 L L6 65 55 5 6 65 56 6 R Re ev vi is si io on n B B I In nk k E En nd d S Se en ns so or r F FF FC C 7 7 0 01 1 7 7 0 01 1 E EJ J R Ro ol ll le er r G Ge ea ar r 9 9 0 03 3 1 1 4 45 5 1 10 0 4 48 8 F Fr ro on nt t F Fr ra am me e 1 10 0 5 59 9 5 5 3 34 4 1 16 6 3 33 3 S St ta ar r W Wh he ee el l H Ho ol ld de er r A As ss sy y 1 11 1 3 38 8 1 1 4 45 5 1 13 3 2 23 3 S St ...

Page 27: ...4 42 2 I I F F C Co ov ve er r 6 6 3 38 8 6 6 3 38 8 F FA AX X U Un ni it t 6 6 4 49 9 6 6 4 49 9 F FA AX X F Fi il lt te er r A As ss sy y 7 7 2 20 0 7 7 2 20 0 F FA AX X F Fi il lt te er r B Bo oa ar rd d 6 6 5 53 3 6 6 5 53 3 E Ep ps so on n E ET T 4 45 55 50 0 L L6 65 55 5 6 65 56 6 R Re ev vi is si io on n B B 2 1 5 2 1 5 Checks and Checks and Precautions before Precautions before Disassembli...

Page 28: ...e 2 3 Disassembly Reassembly Procedures 2 3 Disassembly Reassembly Procedures p37 p37 P Pa ar rt ts s W Wh he en n i in nk k m ma ay y s sp pi il ll l L Lo oc ca at ti io on n J Jo oi in nt t R Re em mo ov vi in ng t g th he I e In nk S k Su up pp pl ly T y Ta an nk T k Tu ub be A e As ss sy y I In nk S k Su up pp pl ly A y Ad da ap pt te er T r Tu ub be A e As ss sy f y fr ro om m the Joint the J...

Page 29: ... removed Adapter is removed Before disconnecting the joint parts of the Before disconnecting the joint parts of the ink path make sure that the ink path make sure that the Adapter is removed from the Carriage Adapter is removed from the Carriage Fig Figure ure 2 1 2 10 0 Ada Adapte pter r Adapter and Ink tube are disconnected Adapter and Ink tube are disconnected Before disconnecting the Adapter a...

Page 30: ...ing preparation 1 1 Re Remo move ve th the In e Ink T k Tan ank C k Cov over er 2 2 Remov Remove the e the screws screws x5 x5 that that secure secure the the Ink Ink Tank Tank Unit Unit p 47 p 47 3 3 Rem Remove t ove the In he Ink Tan k Tank Uni k Unit fro t from the Fr m the Frame B ame Base As ase Assy sy It is recommended that the ink in the It is recommended that the ink in the Ink Supply Tan...

Page 31: ... 65 55 5 6 65 56 6 R Re ev vi is si io on n B B 10 10 Remove the Remove the Ink Supply Ink Supply Adapter Tube Adapter Tube Assy from Assy from the Adapter the Adapter 11 11 Insert a cotton swab into the en Insert a cotton swab into the end of the Ink Supply Adapter d of the Ink Supply Adapter Tube to prevent ink fro Tube to prevent ink from leaking m leaking 12 12 Remove the Remove the Tube Clip ...

Page 32: ...p Hole Hole Ink Supply Adapter Tube Assy Ink Supply Adapter Tube Assy Frame Base Assy Frame Base Assy E Ep ps so on n E ET T 4 45 55 50 0 L L6 65 55 5 6 65 56 6 R Re ev vi is si io on n B B Discharging procedure Discharging procedure 1 1 Inser Insert the tip o t the tip of the in f the injector t jector to each o o each of the ref f the refill ho ill holes on th les on the Ink Sup e Ink Supply Tan...

Page 33: ...t y Adapter Tube A er Tube And retur nd return the ink of th n the ink of the Ink Tub e Ink Tube to the Ink Ta e to the Ink Tank Unit nk Unit Figur Figure 2 1 e 2 17 7 Disch Dischargin arging In g Ink 3 k 3 5 5 Suck ou Suck out all the rem t all the remaining i aining ink while i nk while inclini nclining the Ink T ng the Ink Tank Uni ank Unit And the t And then transf n transfer it to the con er ...

Page 34: ...ct the FFCs cables Ink tube if there is a possibility of coming into contact with them with them 3 3 When re When reassembling assembling the prod the product take uct take care no care not to let t to let compon components of ents of the the unit come off unit come off When When reassembling reassembling When installing parts take care not to damage them when securing them When installing parts t...

Page 35: ... pay attention to Paper Guide Front Lower Porous Pad 3 3 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 E Ep ps so on n E ET T 4 45 55 50 0 L L6 65 55 5 6 65 56 6 R Re ev vi is si io on n B B FF FFCs Cs 1 1 B Be s e su ure re to to in inse sert rt th them em to to th the eir ir c co on nn nec ecto tor rs o s on t n th he b e bo oa ard rds a s as f s fa ar a r as t s th he ey y will go without any loose connection such as a half...

Page 36: ...downward See 2 1 5 Checks and Precautions 2 1 5 Checks and Precautions before Disassembling p28 before Disassembling p28 MAC MAC Address Address Label Label 1 1 Take Take care care not t not to st o stain ain or d or damag amage it e it 2 2 When re When replacing placing the Hous the Housing Upp ing Upper transfe er transfer the MA r the MAC addres C address label to s label to the new Housing Upp...

Page 37: ...how to see the charts on the following pages the charts on the following pages Printer Printer Mechanism Mechanism 1 1 4 4 p 22 p 22 p 43 p 43 S2 S2 Main Frame Assy Main Frame Assy p 21 p 21 p 27 p 27 Paper Guide Paper Guide Upper Assy p29 Upper Assy p29 CR Timing Belt CR Timing Belt FFC Cable FFC Cable 1 1 Note Note The boxes with only The boxes with only part names indicates the part names indic...

Page 38: ... the ink spill Indicates the parts that may cause the ink spill when they are removed when they are removed 2 1 5 Checks and Precautions 2 1 5 Checks and Precautions before Disassembling p28 before Disassembling p28 Indicates necessary check items in the Indicates necessary check items in the disassembling assembling procedure disassembling assembling procedure Indicates the reference page in Indi...

Page 39: ......

Page 40: ...ZB B 3 3C C 6 6 1kgf 1kgf cm cm C C B B P P T TI IT TE E S SC CR RE EW W 3 3x x1 10 0 F F Z ZN N 3 3C C 6 6 1kgf 1kgf cm cm C C B B P P T TI IT TE E S SC CR RE EW W 2 2x x6 6 F F Z ZN N 3 3C C 2 2 0 5kgf 0 5kgf cm cm C C B B P P T TI IT TE E S SC CR RE EW W 2 2x x6 6 F F Z ZN N 3 3C C 6 6 1kgf 1kgf cm cm C C B B S S T TI IT TE EP P4 4 S SC CR RE EW W 3 3x x8 8 F F Z ZN N 3 3C C 6 6 1kgf 1kgf cm cm...

Page 41: ... U Un ni it t 4 45 5 Confidential Confidential 2 4 2 4 Detai Detailed Disassem led Disassembly R bly Reassem eassembly Proced bly Procedure for each Part Unit ure for each Part Unit ADF Scanner Unit ADF Scanner Unit Remove the ADF Scanner Unit as follows Remove the ADF Scanner Unit as follows 1 1 Open the ADF Open the ADF Scanner Un Scanner Unit and remove the scr it and remove the screw that secu...

Page 42: ...ace Panel Unit Backface Panel Unit Panel Unit C B P TITE SCREW 3x10 F ZB 3C 6 1 C B P TITE SCREW 3x10 F ZB 3C 6 1 kgf kgf cm cm Hook Hook Step3 Step3 P Pa an ne el B l Bo oa ar rd d S Sp pe ea ak ke er c r ca ab bl le e Panel FFC Panel FFC Panel Board Panel Board When reassembling align the dowels on the Panel Housing When reassembling align the dowels on the Panel Housing Assy with the positionin...

Page 43: ...Di is sa as ss se em mb bl ly y R Re ea as ss se em mb bl ly y P Pr ro oc ce ed du ur re ef fo or r e ea ac ch h P Pa ar rt t U Un ni it t 4 49 9 Confidential Confidential Ink Tank Housing Upper Ink Tank Housing Upper Remove the Ink Tank Housing Upper as follows Remove the Ink Tank Housing Upper as follows 1 1 Rem Remov ove Ca e Cap Ta p Tank nk 2 2 Remov Remove the screws e the screws x 2 that se...

Page 44: ... Right Frame Right Frame When reassembling align the hooks on the Main Frame Front When reassembling align the hooks on the Main Frame Front Frame with the positioning holes on the Right Frame Frame with the positioning holes on the Right Frame Right Frame Right Frame C B S TITE SCREW 3x6 F ZN 3C 4 1 C B S TITE SCREW 3x6 F ZN 3C 4 1 kgf kgf cm cm C B S TITE SCREW 3x6 F ZN 3C 8 1 C B S TITE SCREW 3...

Page 45: ...and connect it to the connector CN6 on the Main Board Assy above and connect it to the connector CN6 on the Main Board Assy PF Encoder Sensor FFC PF Encoder Sensor FFC Double sided tape Double sided tape Left side of Printer Mechanism Left side of Printer Mechanism PF Motor cable PF Motor cable Route through the grooves x 5 and the rib on the Paper Guide Front Route through the grooves x 5 and the...

Page 46: ...Confidential Confidential Confidential Confidential CHAPTER CHAPTER 3 3 ADJUSTMENT ADJUSTMENT ...

Page 47: ...terns carry out the adjustment again adjustment again When replacing the Main Board and the When replacing the Main Board and the Printer Mechanism at the same time Printer Mechanism at the same time the the adjustment should be made after performing the initial setting adjustment should be made after performing the initial setting The table items and marks used in The table items and marks used i...

Page 48: ......

Page 49: ...3 1 Required Adjustments p55 3 1 Required Adjustments p55 for the for the adjustments not explained here adjustments not explained here 3 2 3 2 1 1 Ope Operat rating ing Env Enviro ironme nment nt The operating environment for the Adjustment Program is as The operating environment for the Adjustment Program is as follows follows O OS S W Wi in nd do ow ws s V Vi is st ta a 7 7 8 8 8 8 1 1 Interf I...

Page 50: ...be estimated accurately either and which may results in trouble such as incorrect control of motors when cannot be estimated accurately either and which may results in trouble such as incorrect control of motors when allotting a cool down period according to each heat generation In the worst case excessive heat generation may allotting a cool down period according to each heat generation In the wo...

Page 51: ...m button Check the check box of the replaced parts Check the check box of the replaced parts E Ep ps so on n E ET T 4 45 55 50 0 L L6 65 55 5 6 65 56 6 R Re ev vi is si io on n B B 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 MAC MAC Addr Address ess Sett Setting ing Setting procedure Setting procedure 1 1 After r After replaci eplacing the Main Bo ng the Main Board Assy ard Assy note do note down the MAC addr wn the MAC addr...

Page 52: ... t ng the P he Plat laten G en Gap ap This section describes the procedure for checking the This section describes the procedure for checking the platen gap PG platen gap PG Tools Tools Thickness gauges for PG check 1 48 mm gauge 1 76 mm gauge Thickness gauges for PG check 1 48 mm gauge 1 76 mm gauge Teflon tape Commercially available product thickness 0 08 Teflon tape Commercially available produ...

Page 53: ...e material remain under the tape B Bu ub bb bl le es s F Fo or re ei ig gn n m ma at te er ri ia al l Teflon tape Teflon tape Thickness gauge Thickness gauge E Ep ps so on n E ET T 4 45 55 50 0 L L6 65 55 5 6 65 56 6 R Re ev vi is si io on n B B 3 3 Fold the excess Fold the excess portions of Teflon tape a portions of Teflon tape along the edges of long the edges of the thickness gauge the thickne...

Page 54: ...ollowing Make sure the parts assembled on the CR Make sure the parts assembled on the CR Unit are as follows Unit are as follows Move the CR Unit by pulling the top of the CR timing belt Move the CR Unit by pulling the top of the CR timing belt Be careful not to Be careful not to damage the nozzle surface of the damage the nozzle surface of the Printhead with the thickness gauge Printhead with the...

Page 55: ...rinter Mechanism Mechanism 4 4 Move the C Move the CR Unit back i R Unit back in the midd n the middle of the pr le of the printer a inter and place th nd place the 1 76 mm th e 1 76 mm thickne ickness gauge ss gauges protec s protected with ted with Teflon tape on the same points as in Step 2 Teflon tape on the same points as in Step 2 5 5 Move th Move the CR Unit to e CR Unit to the righ the rig...

Page 56: ... To prevent mixed colors make sure to clean it parallel to the To prevent mixed colors make sure to clean it parallel to the nozzle line nozzle line Only wipe off where foreign material attaches and do not Only wipe off where foreign material attaches and do not touch the other sections to the touch the other sections to the utmost If foreign material is big make sure to wipe it off with a cle utm...

Page 57: ...cuit may arise due to ink attachment on the terminal of the head FFC when replacing the So head short circuit may arise due to ink attachment on the terminal of the head FFC when replacing the printhead printhead Tool Tool Cotton swab or soft dry dust free cloth Cotton swab or soft dry dust free cloth Cleaning procedure Cleaning procedure 1 1 After pulling out the head FFC wh After pulling out the...

Page 58: ...stic rollers such as an Pickup Roller used to feed paper If paper dust adhered to the rollers decreases the frictional force of the rollers and the rollers cannot properly feed If paper dust adhered to the rollers decreases the frictional force of the rollers and the rollers cannot properly feed paper wipe off the paper dust with a paper wipe off the paper dust with a soft cloth moistened with dil...

Page 59: ...rovides information about whether or also provides information about whether or not the parts which not the parts which require lubrication are supplied as ASP and the lubrication status when supplied as ASP For the parts which are require lubrication are supplied as ASP and the lubrication status when supplied as ASP For the parts which are not supplied as ASP if not supplied as ASP if their move...

Page 60: ...jector After application spread After application spread with brush back and with brush back and forth over entire rail in forth over entire rail in the order of 1 through the order of 1 through 3 following the 3 following the arrows arrows Scanner Housing Lower Assy Scanner Housing Lower Assy 1 1 2 2 3 3 Rail Rail Application Point Application Point Figure 4 3 Figure 4 3 Lubrication of Lubricatio...