4 Protection Functions and Specifications
D02706R02.30
L-PRO 4000 User Manual
4-15
Phase Selector Criteria for I
2
and I
0
The following criteria is used to determine the fault type and phase:
AG Fault: AngleDiff_I2_I0_A<25.0 degrees
BG Fault: AngleDiff_I2_I0_B<25.0 degrees
CG Fault: AngleDiff_I2_I0_C<25.0 degrees
Though AG type of fault will be declared for a BCG fault by the above angle
criteria between
I
2
and
I
0
, the characteristic of AG impedance prevents AG
from tripping because the phase selector is used for supervision only, i.e. the
phase selector is not a tripping device.
Device 21P Supervision
A 21P supervision logic is formed based on the above Phase Selector Criteria.
The phase-to-phase distance element is only allowed to operate if the faulted
phase is not involved with the element:
21P_AB Supervision = Not AG Fault and Not BG Fault
21P_BC Supervision = Not BG Fault and Not CG Fault
21P_CA Supervision = Not CG Fault and Not AG Fault
The Start of the Phase Selector
The phase selector starts only when a fault occurs. The start definition is: if 3I0
is greater than the minimum of any enabled 21N zone’s 3
I0
supervision level
setting, begin the phase selector algorithm.
A buffer is used to track the pre-trigger load current, which is subtracted from
the total current before checking the phase selector criteria.
During fault conditions the system frequency may change causing a drift in the
angle difference being calculated by the phase selector. The locked pre-trigger
load current vector is adjusted accordingly based on this angle difference be-
tween the pre-trigger positive sequence voltage and the positive sequence volt-
age during the fault. If the faulted positive sequence voltage shifts, the angle
difference is taken into account. (i.e. the same angle relationship remains along
the fault duration.)
Duration of the Phase Selector Supervision
The maximum blocking time to 21N for a phase-phase-ground fault is from 2.0
seconds to x seconds, where x is the maximum pickup delay in enabled 21P2
to 21P5, and then plus 8 cycles (8 cycles is the maximum breaker opening).
This ensures that if 21P did not trip on the phase-phase-ground fault for some
reason, 21N is allowed to trip on this fault after this maximum blocking time
delay has expired.
Summary of Contents for L-PRO 4000
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