11
Formalin Vaporizer
3.5 Decontamination Process
There are two alternative combinations of decontaminants and their corresponding neutralizers that are
commonly used:
1.
37% formalin solution (HCHO) with 25% ammonia solution (NH4OH) being the neutralizer
2.
Paraformaldehyde with ammonium bicarbonate (NH4CO3) being the neutralizer
3.
The decontamination processes carried out using these two combinations are slightly different. Both these
processes are discussed in details.
It is very important to ensure compliance with local laws and regulations with respect to the above mentioned
techniques. For instance, if local environmental regulation prohibits the release for formalin vapor into outside
environment, the formalin vapor needs to be neutralized by ammonia first, before their byproduct can be
exhausted outside.
Connecting a temporary duct to the Unit, with the gas being released into a fume cupboard.
Connecting a temporary duct to the external atmosphere using a temporary form connection.
Using the existing duct connection of the Unit to exhaust the gas (This is applicable only if the Unit is
itself ducted).
It is very important to ensure compliance with local laws and regulations with respect to the above mentioned
techniques. For instance, if local environmental regulation prohibits the release for formalin vapor into outside
environment, the formalin vapor needs to be neutralized by ammonia first, before their byproduct can be
exhausted outside.
3.5.1 Formalin – Ammonia Combination
Calculate the amount of 37% formalin, 25% ammonia, and water required, which is 85 ml each, for every 1
cubic meter volume to be decontaminated.
Water is poured into the formalin tank to increase the decontamination area humidity to be above 60%. If the
room humidity already exceeds 60%, and the formalin tank usage needs to be optimized to decontaminate a
large space, such as a small room, then there is no need to add water. Please note that the water shall not be
poured into the ammonia tank because it will not assist in the decontamination process.
After approximately 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the formalin being evaporated, turn on the Unit blower
for 10 to 15 seconds to circulate the formalin throughout the Unit.
In cases where Unit blower is inoperative, circulation of air inside the Unit should be promoted with
additional blower or fans, or the time of decontamination should be extended beyond the times
suggested below.
Allow the formalin vapor a minimum 6 hours (10 to 12 hours is preferable) contact time inside the
Unit.
Once the formalin decontamination time is reached, start the apparatus containing 25% ammonia to
neutralize the formaldehyde. It is recommended to circulate the ammonia by turning on the Unit
blower at the same interval as the formalin vaporization. Without any circulation, the neutralization
time should be extended to a minimum of 6 hours.
Let the ammonia vapor to have a contact time of at least 1 hour (2 hours is preferable) after the
solution has been completely evaporated, before opening the seals. Please be aware that the
formalin and/or ammonia concentration inside the decontamination bag may be above the STEL and
full face mask with formalin filter is required when opening the decontamination bag.
3.5.2 Paraformaldehyde – Ammonium Bicarbonate Combination
Additional apparatus needed:
•
Heating device (e.g. frying pan)
•
Aluminum foil
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