5(1',0,(172FRQW
&DXVDVSRVLEOHV
4XpKDFHU
)RUPDFLyQGH
EROLWDV
5HVXOWDGRGHO
GHVJDVWH
QRUPDO
6
LELHQ
HVWR
QRVH
GHEHD
OD
ODYDGRUDSXHGH
UHGXFLU
GHPH]FODV
GH
DOJRGyQ\
ODYHORFLGDG
GHO
SURFHVR
GH
IRUPDFLyQGH
EROLWDVODYDQGR
SROLpVWHUWHODV
FRQSHOXVD
ODVSUHQGDV
GDGDVYXHOWD
(QJDQFKHVDJXMHURV
$OILOHUHVEURFKHV
JDQFKRV
&
LHUUHEURFKHV
JDQFKRVERWRQHV
\F
LHUUHV
GHVJDUURVUDVJRQHV
R
ERWRQHV
FRUWDQWHVKHELOODV
5
HWLUHORV
REMHWRVVXHOWRV
FRPRDOILOHUHV
REMHWRVHQ
ORV
EROVLOORV
GHVJDVWHH[FHVLYR
GH
FLQWXUyQFLHUUHV
\R
EMHWRV
\ERWRQHV
FRUWDQWHV
FRUWDQWHVGHMDGRV
HQ
ORVEROVLOORV
'
HYXHOWD
ODVSUHQGDV
GH
SXQWRTXH
VH
HQJDQFKDQIiFLOPHQWH
%ODQTXHDGRUFRQ
FORUR
QR
GLOXLGR
9
HDODV
LQVWUXFFLRQHV
HQ
HOHQYDVH
GHOEODQTXHDGRU
SDUDYHU
ODFDQWLGDG
FRUUHFWD
1R
DJUHJXHEODQTXHDGRU
VLQGLOXLU
DOD
FRODGDQL
SHUPLWDTX
H
ODV
SUHQGDV
HQWUHQ
HQ
FRQWDFWRFRQ
HOEODQTXHDGRU
VLQGLOXLU
4XtPLFRVFRPR
HOEODQTXHDGRU
(QMXDJXH
ODVSUHQGDV
TXHSXHGDQ
WHQHU
TXtPLFRVDQWHV
SDUDHO
FDEHOOR
RWLQWXUD
GH
ODYDUODV
VROXFLyQSDUD
SHUPDQHQWH
$UUXJDV
6HSDUDFLyQ
LQFRUUHFWD
(
YLWHP
H]FODUODV
SUHQGDVSHVDGDV
FRPRURSD
GHWUDEDMR
FRQ
RWUDV
OLYLDQDVFRPR
EOXVDV
3UXHEH
FRQXQ
VXDYL]DQWH
6REUHFDUJDR
QLYHOGH
DJXD
/D
WDEODVLJXLHQWH
ORD\XGDUi
DFRPELQDU
ODFRQILJXUDFLyQ
LQFRUUHFWR
GHFLFOR
GH
ODYDGRFRQ
VXV
SUHQGDV
/D
WDEODHVWi
FODVLILFDGD
GHPD\RU
DP
HQRULQWHQVLGDG
GHODYDGR
RQLWHP
VL]HDQG
PDWHULDO
&LFORVGH
ODYDGR
\V
HFDGR
+
DJDFRLQFLGLU
ODVHOHFFLyQ
GHO
FLFOR
FRQ
HOWLSR
GH
WHODTX
H
LQFRUUHFWRV
HVWpODYDQGR
HVSHFLDOPHQWH
SDUDFDUJDV
IiFLOHVGH
OLPSLDU
/DYDGRUHSHWLGR
HQDJXD
/
DYHHQ
DJXDWLELD
RIUtD
GHPDVLDGRFDOLHQWH
621,'26
&DXVDV
SRVLEOHV
0RWLYR
´&OLFPHWiOLFRµ
(OPHFDQLVPR
GHFRQPXWDFLyQ
(
OVLVWHPD
GHWUDQVPLVLyQ
VHHQJDQFKD
DOLQLFLR
GH
ODDJLWDF
LyQ
HVW
iH
QJD
QFK
DGR
RV
XHO
WR
\VH
VXHOWD
FXDQGRpVWD
VHFRPSOHWD
(VWR
RFXUUHYDULDV
YHFHVGXUDQWH
HOODYDGR
´6LOELGRVµRVFLODQWHV
(OPRWRU
HOpFWULFRUHYLHUWH
(VWD
PiTXLQDWLHQH
XQVLVWHPD
GHWUDQVPLVLyQ
TXHQR
XVD
HQJUDQDMHV
RVRQLGR
OLJHUR´FOLFµ
OD
GLUHFFLyQ
eVWHHV
HOVRQLGR
TXHKDFH
HOPRWRU
DOURWDU
KDFLDDWUiV
SDUDOLPSLDU
GXUDQWHHO
DJLWDFLyQ
ODODYDGR
6RQLGRGH
DJLWDFLyQFRUWR
5HGLVWULEXFLyQGH
ODURSD
$
OILQDO
GH
ODDJLWDFLyQ
HOP
RWRUKDFH
JROSHV
GHDJLWDFLyQ
FRUWRVSDUD
DOILQDO
GHOD
DJLWDFLyQ
GLVWULEXLU
ODFDUJD
+DFHXQ
FKDVTXLGRFXDQGR
5HOp
(
OUHOp
KDFHXQ
FKDVTXLGRFXDQGR
VH
DFWLYD(O
QLYHOGH
DJXD
HODJXD
GHMDGH
OOHQDUVH
DFWLYDDO
UHOp\
GHMDGH
OOHQDUVH
6RQLGRGH
´FOLFµGHWUiV
9iOYXOD
GH
FRQWURO
'
RVYiOYXOD
PH]FODHO
DJXDIUtD
\OD
FDOLHQWH(O
´FOLFµ
HVFXDQGR
FXDOTXLHUYiOYXOD
HOSDQHO
GHFRQWURO
GH
ODWHPSHUDWXUD
GHODJXD
VHHQFLHQGH
RDSDJD
SDUDHOHYDU
RUHGXFLU
ODWHPSHUDWXUD
GHOOHQDGR
GHDJXD
PLHQWUDVOOHQD
(OI
OXMRGH
DJ
XD
9iOYXOD
GH
FRQWURO
'RV
YiOYXODP
H]FODHO
DJXDIUtD
\OD
FDOLHQWH
(OIOXMR
FDPE
LDFXDQGR
FXDOTXLHU
YiOYXOD
FDPELDGXUDQWH
HOOOHQDGR
GHOD
WHPSHUDWXUD
GHODJXD
VHHQFLHQGH
RDSDJD
SDUDHOHYDU
RUHGXFLU
OD
WHPSHUDWXUDGH
OOHQDGR
GH
DJXD
(OP
RWRU´D~OODµ
R´
VHP
XHYHµ
(OPRWRU
FDPELHOD
YHORFLGDG
(
OPRWRU
YDDXPHQWDQGR
OD
YHORFLGDGGXUDQWH
HOFLFOR
GH
FHQWULIXJDGR
GXUDQWHHO
FHQWULIXJDGR
GXUDQWH
HOFLFOR
GHFHQWULIXJDGR
&XDQGRHO
FHQWULIXJDGRVH
FRPSOHWDVH
LUiGHWHQLHQGR
KDVWDTXH
SDUH
´=XPELGRµ
%RPED
GHGHVDJH
/
DERPED
GHGHVDJH
KDUiXQ
]XPELGRFXDQGR
HOLPLQH
HODJXD
WUDV
ODDJLWDFLyQ
\F
RQWLQXDUiKDVWD
TXHVH
FRPSOHWHHO
FHQW
ULIXJDGR
´*RUJRWHRµ
%RPED
GH
GHVDJH
&
XDQGROD
ERPEDFRPLHQ]D
DD
VSLUDUDLUH
KDFHXQ
JRUJRWHR
/D
ODYDGRUDFRPHQ]DUi
HOFHQWULIXJDGR
\H
OVRQLGR
FRQWLQXDUi
KDVWDTXH
VH
FRPSOHWHHO
FHQWULIXJDGR
(ODJXD
´ERUERWHDµ
(VWR
HVQRUPDO
(VWD
ODYDGRUD
XWLOL]DXQD
DFFLyQGH
ODYDGRP
HGLDQWH,QIXVRU
70
5HVXOWDQRUPDO
TXHHO
DJXDERUERWHH
PLHQWUDVOD
XQLGDGUHDOL]D
ODDJLWDFLyQ
HVSHFLDOPHQWHFRQ
FDUJDVSHTXHxDV
/DODYDGRUD
KDFHUXLGR
/D
ODYDGRUDHVWi
WRUFLGD
3DUD
QLYHODU
HOIUHQWH
GHOD
ODYDGRUDDMXVWH
ODV
SDWDVGH
QLYHODFLyQIURQWDOHV
JLUDQGROD
SDWDLQGLYLGXDO
HQOD
GLUHFFLyQDSURSLDGD
SDUDVXELU
R
EDMDU3DUD
QLYHODUOD
SDUWHWUDVHUD
GH
ODODYDGRUD
OHYDQWHOD
SDUWHWUDVH
UDGH
ODPiTXLQD
µ
FP\
EDMH
/DYDULOOD
GH
HPEDODMHWRGDYtD
3
DUDTXLWDU
ODYDULOOD
GHHPEDODMH
GHOD
ODYDGRUDKDOH
ODHWLTXHWD
DPDULOOD
VHHQFXHQWUD
PRQWDGD
HQOD
XQLGDG
\U
HWLU
HOD
YDULOODFRQHFWDGD
GHVGHHO
ODGR
LQIHULRU
GHUHFKR
GH
ODODYDGRUD
$QWHVGH
OODPDUSDUD
VROLFLWDUVHUYLFLR«
&RQVHMRVSDUD
ODVROXFLyQ
GHSUREOHPDV