3
1. WPROWADZENIE
']LÛNXMHP\ ]D Z\EµU QDV]HJR SURGXNWX :LHU]\P\ ľH MHJR Xľ\WNRZDQLH EÛG]LH GOD
3DĆVWZD SU]\MHPQRĝFLÇ 3URV]Û XZDľQLH ]DSR]QDÉ VLÛ ] LQVWUXNFMÇ REVĄXJL SU]HG
UR]SRF]ÛFLHP NRU]\VWDQLD ]b SURGXNWX D Z V]F]HJµOQRĝFL ] LQVWUXNFMÇ EH]SLHF]QHJR
Xľ\WNRZDQLDRUD]LQVWUXNFMÇF]\V]F]HQLDLSU]HFKRZ\ZDQLD
3URVLP\ ]DFKRZDÉ WÇ LQVWUXNFMÛ REVĄXJL DE\ PµF NRU]\VWDÉ ] QLHM Z F]DVLH
Xľ\WNRZDQLD SURGXNWX 3U]HVWU]HJDQLH LQVWUXNFML ]DSHZQLD EH]SLHF]QÇ LQVWDODFMÛ
LXľ\WNRZDQLHXU]ÇG]HQLD
8Ľ<&,(=*2'1,(=35=(=1$&=(1,(0
x
8U]ÇG]HQLHMHVWSU]H]QDF]RQHZ\ĄÇF]QLHGRXľ\WNXGRPRZHJRZHZQÇWU]SRPLHV]F]HĆ
LQLHPRľHE\ÉXľ\ZDQHZFHODFKSURIHVMRQDOQ\FK.DľGHLQQH]DVWRVRZDQLHX]QDZDQH
MHVW]DQLHZĄDĝFLZHLW\PVDP\PQLHEH]SLHF]QH
x
3URGXFHQWQLHSRQRVLRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĝFL]DREUDľHQLDZ\QLNDMÇFH]QLHSUDZLGĄRZHJR
Xľ\WNRZDQLDXU]ÇG]HQLD
x
1LQLHMV]DZ\FLVNDUNDSU]H]QDF]RQDMHVWGRZ\FLVNDQLDRZRFµZF\WUXVRZ\FKWDNLFK
MDNSRPDUDĆF]HJUDSHIUXLW\PDQGDU\QNLF\WU\QDOLPRQND
'$1(7(&+1,&=1(
=DVL]
0RF:
&]DVSUDF\FLÇJĄHMQLHZLÛFHMQLľPLQXWD
3RMHPQRĝÉSRMHPQLNDPO
=$6$'<%(=3,(&=1(*28Ľ<7.2:$1,$
1DOHľ\ GRNĄDGQLH SU]HF]\WDÉ LQVWUXNFMÛ REVĄXJL SU]HG
UR]SRF]ÛFLHP Xľ\WNRZDQLD 3RGF]DV REVĄXJL QDOHľ\ ĝFLĝOH
SU]HVWU]HJDÉ SROHFHĆ ]DZDUW\FK Z QLQLHMV]HM LQIRUPDFML
3URV]Û ]DFKRZDÉ RSDNRZDQLH RUD] LQVWUXNFMÛ REVĄXJL JG\ľ
]DZLHUDMÇ ZDľQH LQIRUPDFMH ,QVWUXNFMD MHVW GRVWÛSQD UµZQLHľ
Z ZHUVML HOHNWURQLF]QHM SRG DGUHVHP SRF]W\ HOHNWURQLF]QHM
LQIR#MRLQFRFRPSO
x
8U]ÇG]HQLHPRľHE\ÉXľ\ZDQHSU]H]G]LHFL
RGURNXľ\FLDLVWDUV]HMHĝOLSR]RVWDMÇRQH
SRGQDG]RUHPOXENRU]\VWDMÇ]XU]ÇG]HQLD