Tiny Serial-to-Ethernet Device Server
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13. Socket
Each TCP segment contains a source and destination port number that can be used to identify the
sending and receiving application. These two values, along with the source and destination IP
addresses in the IP header, uniquely identify each connection. The combination of an IP address
and a port number is called a socket.
14. Subnet Mask
A Subnet mask, often simply called the
“
Mask
”
, is a 32-bit number that masks and IP address, and
divides the IP address into the network address and the host address. Given its own IP address and
its subnet mask, a host can determine whether a TCP/IP packet is destined for a host that is (1) on
its own subnet, or (2) on a different network. If (1), the packet will be delivered directly; otherwise
it, will be delivered via a gateway or a router.
15. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
TCP is a set of rules used in combination with the Internet Protocol to send data in the form of
message units between computers over the Internet. TCP provides a reliable flow of data between
two hosts and is associated with tasks such as dividing the data passed to it from an application into
appropriately sized chunks for the network layer below, acknowledging received packets, setting
timeouts to make certain that the other end acknowledges packets that are sent, and so on.
16. TCP/IP
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP) is standard network
protocols that are almost always implemented and used together in a formation are known as
TCP/IP. TCP/IP can be used to communicate across any set of interconnected networks.
17. UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
UDP is an internet protocol that provides a much simpler service to the application layer as it only
sends packets of data from one host to another, but there is no guarantee that the packets will
reach the destination host. UDP is suitable for purposes where error checking and correction is
either not necessary or is performed in the application.
