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Recent developments in wood-burning technology have made wood-burn-
ing a cleaner and more convenient way to heat your home. Overall efficiency
in a wood-burning appliance is a combination of combustion efficiency
and heat transfer efficiency. Whether heating your entire home or just a
room or two, your understanding of how to best operate your stove or
insert will enhance its overall efficiency and performance. What this can
mean to you is longer, cleaner burns, less wood use and more heat.
The following sections will outline techniques you can use to “get the
most out of Your appliance.” Please read them carefully.
OPERATING TECHNIQUES AND HINTS
GETTING THE MOST OUT OF YOUR APPLIANCE
It is important to know that for high, combustion efficient, clean burns,
you will need to have sufficient temperatures inside the firebox for thor-
ough combustion. The best method for determining if you have sufficient
temperatures is to watch the brick lining in your firebox. When you first
light your stove or fireplace insert, the firebrick will turn a dark brown
or black. After 20 to 30 minutes of a hot fire, most of the bricks should
return to near their original light brown or yellow color. This means the
firebrick have reached a high enough temperature for Your appliance to
achieve high combustion efficiency.
Second and just as important, is achieving a high level of heat transfer
efficiency. Slowing the rate of flow through the stove or insert enhances
heat transfer, thus allowing more time for heat to be transferred into your
home. To do this, be sure to thoroughly preheat Your appliance and then
reduce the amount of primary air by closing the draft control (lower left)
to about 1/2 to 3/4 open. This will decrease the excess oxygen in your
flue, which carries heat up your chimney, but should still be enough air
to allow the fireplace insert to produce its maximum heat output. (More
air may produce a lightly greater amount of heat, but will greatly increase
wood consumption). When the area being heated reaches a comfortable
temperature, slow the burn rate by closing the control to further improve
heat transfer.
To get the most out of Your appliance, you will need to combine good
combustion efficiency with good heat transfer practices. The following
are some tips on how to operate Your appliance to achieve the highest
overall efficiency.
1. Thoroughly preheat Your appliance before slowing the burn rate by
closing the draft control.
2. Measure the fireplace insert temperature at the hottest point on
the fireplace insert top or face. Use this information to repeat burn
rates.
3. Once preheated, add wood (if needed) and partially close the draft
control (lower left).
4. Operate your stove or fireplace insert as much as possible in the low
to medium burn ranges.
5. Do not lower the draft setting so low as to completely extinguish
the flames in the firebox. Check for at least some small flames 20
minutes after setting the draft control.
6. Do not continually operate your stove or fireplace insert in the high
(wide open) setting. This wastes wood by carrying a great deal of
heat up the chimney and can damage your stove or fireplace insert
and chimney.
7. Go outside and check your chimney. More than a very small amount
of smoke indicates wasted heat, creosote build up and pollution.
MAXIMIZING YOUR APPLIANCE’S OVERALL EFFICIENCY
To achieve long burn times, after having thoroughly preheated the
appliance, let the appliance top cool down to 275 to 400 degrees (on
Elite inserts, locate thermometer on the face of the insert just above
the door). Now load the firebox and set the draft control. At this point,
you may need to burn the fireplace insert with the draft open for a few
minutes to ignite the wood. All IHP stoves and inserts are EPA tested for
emissions at low burn with the air control completely closed. Whether
or not you should burn Your appliance with the air control completely
closed will depend on the following factors:
• How you load your wood
• Your chimney type, height and draft
• Your wood type and its moisture content
• The temperature of the appliance or fireplace insert
• Which model stove or insert you have
Experiment with different loading configurations to achieve longer burns.
Try loading the wood from side to side and nesting it in the ashes to prevent
airflow under and around the wood. Fresh wood should be loaded to the
back of the firebox or to the sides. Hot coals or half burned wood should
be brought toward the front of the firebox. The way you load your wood
can seriously affect burn times. If the new load does not ignite within a
few minutes, try crisscrossing the load to allow more airflow around the
fire, or try a slightly hotter fireplace insert temperature.
Determining the lowest setting for efficient low burns. This will require
some experimentation on your part. Try closing the air control all the way
with the fireplace insert temperature at 325 to 350 degrees. If the flames
are completely extinguished, open the air control halfway and then slowly
close it until there is only a small amount of flame. It is important to check
the fireplace insert about 20 minutes after setting the draft control as
it takes this long for the fireplace insert temperature to stabilize. There
should still be some small flames on or above the wood load.
Use 325 degrees as a starting point. You can try starting temperatures
25 degrees higher or lower to achieve desired burn times, start 25 degrees
lower if the fireplace insert burns the wood too quickly or 25 degrees
higher if there are no flames in the firebox for more than a few minutes
after loading the wood. You may or may not need to burn the fireplace
insert with the air control open for a few minutes prior to setting the draft
for a low burn, this will depend on the factors mentioned above. Be sure
not to smolder a fire overnight. Check your chimney for large amounts
of smoke as this indicates very poor combustion.
It is important to realize that stove technology has changed. Stoves
and fireplace inserts have changed a great deal in the last few years. This
has led to substantial changes in the methods of operation in new stoves
as compared to older stoves. In old stoves without full brick linings and
ceramic insulation, the rule was “get the stove as hot as possible before
setting the draft on low for overnight burns.” On newer, high technology
IHP stoves, this is not necessary. Although it is still important to have
the stove hot enough to burn efficiently, it will require less preheating.
Once you have determined your optimum operating temperatures for
various burn rates, we believe you will find your stove or fireplace insert
an extremely convenient way to achieve your heating needs.
Do not reload the fireplace insert for long burns when the stainless
secondary tubes or baffles are glowing red, or when the fireplace
insert is uncomfortably hot to load. This indicates the fireplace insert
is too hot to load for a long burn. Also, do not load wood for a long burn
on a deep bed of hot coals. Try stirring the coals a few minutes before
loading the fireplace insert for a low burn to allow some of the unburned
coals time to burn.
ACHIEVING CLEAN, LONG BURNS
