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A8 Understanding pH
Keeping hot tub water clean and clear involves a very complex set of chemical reactions. Most impor-
tantly, the hot tub must be sanitized. Bacteria, algae, and other single-cell life forms that may find their
way into the hot tub must be killed. Three chemical elements, chlorine, bromine, and ozone are all
good sanitizing agents. When any of these elements come into contact with bacteria or algae, these
single-cell organisms die. Therefore, to keep the water germ free, we must simply keep a residual of
the sanitizing agent in the water.
Making germs dead is only half the objective, however. The dead cells of the bacteria and algae
we have killed, and the organic “stuff” (dandruff, perspiration, dead skin cells, etc.) that our bodies
deposit in the hot tub, will make the water cloudy and uninviting as they decompose. These micro-
scopic contaminants must be “burned out” or oxidized. These oxidation reactions occur simultane-
ously with reactions known as reduction reactions. The balance of these chemical reactions is quite
critical and can occur properly only if pH levels are maintained from 7.2 to 7.8 pH (Ideal 7.4 to 7.6). If
the pH is out of range, the sanitizing agent itself will be oxidized or reduced and in effect be “used up”
before it has a chance to do it’s job.
pH is critical for maximum disinfection, sanitizing, and cleaning results with the least amount of chemi-
cal addition. Make sure your customer understands the importance of regular water test intervals and
the proper use of chemicals. Both are necessary to ensure maximum water quality and to maintain a
healthy and fun hot tub environment.
Summary of Contents for LCD Series
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