Keithley TEC SourceMeter 2510, User Manual

Page 1: ...Models 2510 and 2510 AT TEC SourceMeter User s Manual A G R E A T E R M E A S U R E O F C O N F I D E N C E...

Page 2: ...TIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS INC HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES SUCH EXCLUDED DAM AGES SHALL INCLUDE...

Page 3: ...r User s Manual 2001 Keithley Instruments Inc All rights reserved Cleveland Ohio U S A Fifth Printing February 2002 Document Number 2510 900 01 Rev E All references to the Model 2510 apply to the Mode...

Page 4: ...d with the previous Revision of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page Revision A Document Number 2510 900...

Page 5: ...ected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high tran sient over voltages Installation Category II connections require protection for high transient over voltages often associated with localAC m...

Page 6: ...personal contact with these voltages The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death Always read the associated information very carefully before perfor...

Page 7: ...ne power connection 1 8 Power up sequence 1 8 System identification 1 9 Line frequency setting 1 9 Fuse replacement 1 10 Display 1 10 Display format 1 10 Display readings 1 11 Temperature function rea...

Page 8: ...precautions 3 2 Operation overview 3 2 Control characteristics 3 2 Measurement characteristics 3 2 Limit characteristics 3 3 Configuring functions 3 3 Configuring temperature 3 3 Configuring voltage 3...

Page 9: ...ance operation 3 17 Temperature sensors 3 18 Open and shorted lead status indications 3 18 Solid state sensor restrictions 3 18 Thermistor sensor ranges 3 18 RTD sensor ranges 3 18 4 PID Control Conce...

Page 10: ...enable 5 6 6 Remote Operations Differences remote vs local operation 6 2 Local to remote transition 6 2 Remote to local transition 6 2 Setting interface parameters 6 2 Selecting an interface 6 2 GPIB...

Page 11: ...16 Multiple command messages 6 16 Command path rules 6 17 Using common and SCPI commands in the same message 6 17 Program message terminator PMT 6 17 Command execution rules 6 17 Response messages 6 1...

Page 12: ...ng example program and read register set 7 19 Queues 7 19 Output queue 7 19 Error queue 7 20 Programming example read error queue 7 21 8 Common Commands Command summary 8 2 Command reference 8 3 IDN i...

Page 13: ...0 29 Thermistor sensor parameters 10 31 Solid state sensor parameters 10 32 SOURce 1 subsystem 10 34 Control source output off 10 34 Select source function 10 34 Current function 10 35 Resistance func...

Page 14: ...tus and Error Messages Introduction B 2 Status and error messages B 2 Eliminating common SCPI errors B 7 113 Undefined header B 7 410 Query INTERRUPTED B 7 420 Query UNTERMINATED B 8 C IEEE 488 Bus Ov...

Page 15: ...readings E 3 Setpoint tolerance temperature sweep E 4 Overview E 4 Enabling SRQ on setpoint tolerance E 5 Temperature sweep program summary E 5 Program 1 Basic temperature control E 6 Program 2 Setpo...

Page 16: ...t tolerance operation 3 17 4 PID Control Concepts Figure 4 1 Temperature control model 4 2 Figure 4 2 Proportional control characteristics 4 3 Figure 4 3 PID control characteristics 4 5 Figure 4 4 Res...

Page 17: ...s 7 13 Figure 7 6 Measurement event status 7 15 Figure 7 7 Questionable event status 7 16 10 SCPI Command Reference Figure 10 1 ASCII data format 10 19 Figure 10 2 IEEE 754 single precision data forma...

Page 18: ...e configuration menu 3 5 Table 3 4 Resistance configuration menu 3 7 Table 3 5 Output configuration menu 3 8 Table 3 7 Setpoint adjustment ranges 3 9 Table 3 6 Setpoint tolerance configuration menu 3...

Page 19: ...system commands 10 3 Table 10 2 FORMat subsystem commands 10 4 Table 10 3 OUTPut subsystem commands 10 4 Table 10 4 SENSe 1 subsystem commands 10 5 Table 10 5 SOURce 1 subsystem commands 10 7 Table 10...

Page 20: ...characteristics of the Model 2510 Front and rear panel familiarization Summarizes the controls and connectors of the instrument Power up Covers line power connection line voltage settings fuse replace...

Page 21: ...Manual addenda Any improvements or changes concerning the instrument or manual will be explained in an addendum included with the manual Be sure to note these changes and incorporate them into the man...

Page 22: ...f calibration User s Manual If an additional manual is required order the appropriate manual package for example 2510 900 00 The manual packages include a manual and any pertinent addenda Options and...

Page 23: ...00 2410 2420 2430 6430 or 7001 side by side in a standard 19 inch rack Carrying case Model 1050 padded carrying case A carrying case for a Model 2510 Includes handles and a shoulder strap Product over...

Page 24: ...ltage function Current function R Resistance function EDIT keys and Increase decrease displayed value scroll through menu and Move display cursor left or right Operation keys DISPLAY TOGGLE LOCAL Togg...

Page 25: ...LSTN Instrument addressed to listen over GPIB SRQ Service request over GPIB 4W Indicates 4 wire sense mode enabled ARM Operations being performed REAR Ground connect mode enabled Setpoint tolerance re...

Page 26: ...straight through not null modem DB 9 cable such as a Keithley Model 7009 5 GPIB connector IEEE 488 INTERFACE Connector for GPIB remote operation Use a shielded cable Model 7007 1 or 7007 2 Ground scr...

Page 27: ...on the rear panel 3 Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to a properly grounded AC outlet WARNING The power cord supplied with the Model 2510 contains a separate ground for use with groun...

Page 28: ...sage is displayed System identification To obtain the serial number and revision information use the MENU GENERAL SERIAL selection The top line displays the serial number the bottom line displays the...

Page 29: ...drawer open 2 Slide the fuse drawer out to gain access to the fuse Note that the fuse drawer does not pull all the way out of the input module 3 Snap the fuse out of the drawer and replace it with the...

Page 30: ...tance Sensor RT resistance NOTE The terms Peltier and thermoelectric cooler TEC are used interchange ably throughout this manual Voltage function readings The voltage function displays measured and se...

Page 31: ...tier current Peltier power Peltier resistance Reading format Reading information on the top line of the front panel display can be displayed using either engineering units or scientific notation in ei...

Page 32: ...tpoint 025 000 C PEL 00 002W 025 000 C Setpoint 025 000 C PEL 002 40 025 000 C Setpoint 025 000 C RT 000 04k Voltage 01 000V Setpoint 01 000V T 030 630 C 01 000V Setpoint 01 000V PEL 0 3689A 01 000V S...

Page 33: ...75 Use DISPLAY TOGGLE key to cycle through displays for each function Table 1 2 Display messages Display message Description OFF UNDER TEMP OVER TEMP ILIM VLIM UNDER OHMS OVER OHMS URR ORR OpenLead S...

Page 34: ...for more details Status and error messages During Model 2510 operation and programming you will encounter a number of front panel messages Status and error messages are displayed momentarily See Appe...

Page 35: ...setups 1 Press the MENU key select SAVESETUP then press ENTER 2 Select RESTORE then press ENTER 3 Select the setup position 0 to 4 to restore then press ENTER to complete the process Power on configur...

Page 36: ...o current state On Sensor type Thermistor Sense mode 2 wire RTD sensor parameters Type PT385 Range 100 Alpha 0 00385 Beta 0 111 Delta 1 507 Thermistor sensor parameters Range 10k A 1 13030e 3 B 2 3389...

Page 37: ...stor 5k 10k thermistor 50k 100k thermistor Protection state Enabled Sensor current 2 5mA 100 range 833 3 A 1k range 100 A 10k range 33 3 A 100k range Sensor current auto state On Sensor type Thermisto...

Page 38: ...ION2 GPIB RS 232 BAUD BITS PARITY TERMINATOR FLOW CTRL Configure setup conditions Save present Model 2510 setup to memory location Return the Model 2510 to setup saved in memory Select the power on de...

Page 39: ...line frequency Set the line frequency Select general operations Set Digital I O port bit pattern Display serial number firmware revision SCPI version Reset timestamp Select engineering units or scient...

Page 40: ...IT and keys A change is executed only when ENTER is pressed Entering an invalid parameter generates an error and the entry is ignored However entering an out of range value too small or too large sele...

Page 41: ...then press ENTER SAVESETUP COMMUNICATION GPIB RS 232 BITS PARITY TERMINATOR FLOW CTRL CAL UNLOCK EXECUTE VIEW DATES SAVE CHANGE PASSWORD TEST DISPLAY TESTS BAUD KEYS DISPLAY PATTERNS CHAR SET A D CTR...

Page 42: ...Program A coefficient Program B coefficient Program C coefficient Set thermistor current AUTO 3 3 A 10 A 33 3 A 100 A 833 3 A 2 5mA Select 2 WIRE or 4 WIRE sense mode Program RTD sensor parameters Se...

Page 43: ...DERIVATIVE Program PID loop constants for voltage control Set proportional constant Set integral constant Set derivative constant Table 1 7 Current source configuration menu Configuration menu item De...

Page 44: ...rogram higher resistance limit SENSOR TYPE THERMISTOR RANGE I SRC SENSE MODE RTD I SRC RANGE SENSE MODE Select sensor type and settings Program thermistor settings Set thermistor range 100 1k 10k 100k...

Page 45: ...connection Disable ground connection Enable ground connection ENABLE DISABLE ENABLE Enable disable Digital I O port output enable line Inactivate output enable line Activate output enable line Table 1...

Page 46: ...ns Discusses connections for the thermoelectric cooler and temperature sensor Sense selection Summarizes 2 wire and 4 wire sensing selection for both INPUT and OUTPUT terminals Ground connect mode Des...

Page 47: ...sors with 1k resistance Both AD590 current and LM335 voltage type solid state sensors Figure 2 1 2 wire input output connections Model 2510 INPUT F INPUT F OUTPUT F OUTPUT F TEC RTD Thermistor or Soli...

Page 48: ...F TEC RTD or Thermistor Temperature Sensor OUTPUT S S OUTPUT F INPUT S S INPUT S S S Mating Connector F S S F F F S S Output Input RT Note These connections assume positive current heats TEC WARNING...

Page 49: ...gure your system so that a positive current is a cooling current reverse your TEC connections as shown in Figure 2 3 In this case OUTPUT F and S are connected to TEC while out put F and S are connecte...

Page 50: ...ns and 4 wire sensing should be used with RTD and thermistor sensors with resistances 1k to avoid errors caused by lead resistance Sensing considerations Figure 2 4 shows a comparison of 2 and 4 wire...

Page 51: ...ted to the S and S sense terminals Although some small current may flow through the sense wires it is usually negligible and can generally be ignored for all practical purposes Since the voltage drop...

Page 52: ...using PID control The AC ohms measurement can be displayed from the front panel by configuring the resistance function Section 3 and via remote by using the MEAS RES AC query Section 9 As shown in Fig...

Page 53: ...nges Basic front panel control measure procedure Describes the basic procedure for setting up unit control and measurement operating modes and using the unit from the front panel Basic remote control...

Page 54: ...erminals Exceeding this value may result in instru ment damage Operation overview Control characteristics The Model 2510 has the following basic control characteristics Control capabilities Control th...

Page 55: ...temperature Using Table 3 1 as a guide configure the temperature function as follows 1 Press CONFIG then T to access the temperature configuration menu 2 Select PROTECTION then press ENTER 3 Select C...

Page 56: ...rogram B coefficient 10 to 10 Program C coefficient 10 to 10 Set thermistor current AUTO 3 3 A 10 A 33 3 A 100 A 833 3 A 2 5mA Select 2 WIRE or 4 WIRE sense mode Program RTD sensor parameters Select P...

Page 57: ...n press ENTER 3 Using the EDIT keys set the current limit to the desired value then press ENTER 4 Choose PID then press ENTER 5 Program the PROPORTIONAL INTEGRAL and DERIVATIVE constants as required 6...

Page 58: ...ect PT385 PT3916 PT100 D100 F100 or USER type For USER type set and RANGE Select 100 or 1000 I SRC Set RTD current AUTO 3 3 A 10 A 33 3 A 100 A 833 3 A or 2 5mA SENSE MODE Choose 2 WIRE or 4 WIRE sens...

Page 59: ...0 to 1k 100 thermistor 500 to 9 999k 1k thermistor 5k to 80k 10k thermistor 50k to 200k 100k thermistor 50 to 250 100 RTD 500 to 3k 1k RTD SENSOR TYPE THERMISTOR RANGE I SRC SENSE MODE RTD I SRC RANGE...

Page 60: ...of the four EDIT keys to access the setpoint tolerance menu 2 From the SETPOINT TOLERANCE MENU select PERCENTAGE then press ENTER 3 Choose PERCENTAGE then press ENTER 4 Using the EDIT keys set the pe...

Page 61: ...nctions or below the lower protection setting temperature and resistance Table 3 6 Setpoint tolerance configuration menu Configuration menu item Description SETPOINT TOLERANCE PERCENTAGE WINDOW SIZE P...

Page 62: ...erating parameters PROTECTION Enable protection and program the high and low temperature limits SENSOR TYPE Select the type of sensor being used then set the associated sen sor parameters UNITS Select...

Page 63: ...ff When finished turn the output off by pressing the ON OFF OUTPUT key The OUTPUT indicator light will turn off to show the output is off Basic remote control measure procedure Use the following proce...

Page 64: ...CON INT 0 5 Temperature integral constant 0 5 SOUR TEMP LCON DER 0 Temperature derivative constant 0 Step 4 Program setpoint Program the setpoint for the selected control function For example the foll...

Page 65: ...racteristics Function Limit range Output Inhibited Display message Temperature Lower limit 50 to 250 C Upper limit 50 to 250 C Yes Yes UNDER TEMP OVER TEMP Voltage 0 5 to 10 5V No VLIM Current 1 0 to...

Page 66: ...by exceeding the voltage limit To program the voltage limit press CONFIG then V then select PROTECTION and pro gram the limit as required See Configuring voltage page 3 5 for details Current protecti...

Page 67: ...t are restricted by the respective limits Figure 3 1 Voltage and current limit operating boundaries Setpoint tolerance The setpoint tolerance feature allows you to program the Model 2510 to indicate w...

Page 68: ...set the percent tolerance and window size as required Setpoint tolerance indicator The front panel annunciator will turn on when the output is within the setpoint toler ance for the programmed number...

Page 69: ...aits until the number of readings within the Set point Tolerance Window have occurred at which point the Final Setpoint is reached At that point the unit issues an SRQ over the bus if programmed to do...

Page 70: ...n active The resistance function is intended for use only with thermistor and RTD sensors Thermistor sensor ranges Available thermistor sensor ranges are 100 1k 10k and 100k For optimum accu racy use...

Page 71: ...s used for temper ature control including on off proportional proportional derivative and propor tional integral derivative PID tuning Provides a basic step by step procedure for tuning the PID loop f...

Page 72: ...nt and equilibrium can be maintained Temperature feedback for the PID controller is provided by the temperature sensor which is in thermal contact with the thermoelectric cooler PID control parameters...

Page 73: ...steresis required to limit excessive temperature cycling Proportional P control A proportional controller usually performs better than the on off type discussed above by applying power W to the cooler...

Page 74: ...eliminate this error while using relatively low proportional gain by adding an integral term to the control function as follows Here Ki the integral gain parameter is sometimes known as the controlle...

Page 75: ...g process that could cause damage to the thermoelectric cooler 1 Adjust the temperature setpoint value TS to a typical value for thermoelectric cooler and set the Derivative D and Integral I constants...

Page 76: ...g and Tau times of this response waveform are then extracted and applied to a modified version of the Ziegler Nichols tuning equations Response options There are two different options for the autotune...

Page 77: ...22 5 23 5 24 5 25 5 26 5 A For 3 C step Settled to 1 0 0 030 C in 8 54 seconds Settled to 0 1 0 003 C in 11 14 seconds Laser Diode Module with Minimum Overshoot 23 0 22 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 24 0 25 0 26...

Page 78: ...se the temperature overshoot occurs at 20 847 seconds with a peak value of 26 226 C It settles to within 0 1 of the final temperature 25 974 C at 521 914 seconds See Table 4 2 Clearly the minimum sett...

Page 79: ...unpredictable results Once the Lag and Tau times are extracted from the sampled data taken from the voltage step response the tuning constants can be calculated Inherent limitations that will cause t...

Page 80: ...This tuning method will ensure stability of the PID loop at the higher operating temperatures If you use these same tuning constants at the lower temperatures response at the lower temperatures will b...

Page 81: ...em which is fully described in the Section 10 of the Model 2510 User s Manual Table 4 3 Autotune commands Command Description SOURce 1 Path to SOURce 1 commands TEMPerature Temperature commands ATUNe...

Page 82: ...limit for example SOUR1 TEMP PROT HIGH LEV 50 4 Set the minimum temperature protection limit for example SOUR1 TEMP PROT LOW LEV 0 5 Set the maximum TEC voltage limit for example SOUR1 VOLT PROT LEV...

Page 83: ...all MSET constants as defaults SOUR TEMP ATUN LCON MOV TRANS Accept and install MOV con stants as defaults NOTE To retain these tuning constants after cycling power be sure to save them as power on de...

Page 84: ...facturer See Configuring temperature page 3 3 for programming details RTD coefficients In a similar manner RTD sensor coefficients and linearize the RTD temperature resistance curve using the Callenda...

Page 85: ...OutputEnable Digital I O port Details Digital I O port configuration connections and setting I O port operating parameters Output enable line Discusses output enable line operation and describes how t...

Page 86: ...o 2mA or all four lines together can sink up to 500mA WARNING NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY WARNING NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS SERVICE BY QUALIFI...

Page 87: ...f resetting fuse one hour recovery time Digital output configuration There are two basic methods to connect external components to the digital output lines sink operation and source operation Sink ope...

Page 88: ...2mA Figure 5 3 Source operation Controlling digital output lines Set digital output line logic levels from the front panel as follows 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select GENERAL then press ENTER 3 Select DI...

Page 89: ...ettings OUT 4 OUT 3 OUT 2 OUT 1 Decimal value L L L L L L L L H H H H H H H H L L L L H H H H L L L L H H H H L L H H L L H H L L H H L L H H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11...

Page 90: ...purpose instrument which precludes the use of voltage and or current barriers Therefore there is no intrinsically safe barrier including output enable in the Model 2510 Even with the output enable fe...

Page 91: ...t enable Model 2510 Fixture Switch Lid Closed Test Fixture Enable pin 8 GND pin 5 or 9 Enable Digital I O A 2510 OUTPUT can be turned on Model 2510 Fixture Switch Lid Open Test Fixture Enable pin 8 GN...

Page 92: ...standards bus connections and primary address selection RS 232 interface operation Outlines use of the RS 232 interface to control the Model 2510 via remote Front panel GPIB operation Summarizes GPIB...

Page 93: ...front panel while RS 232 is enabled The IEEE 488 address can only be changed from the front panel while the IEEE 488 bus is enabled Selecting an interface The Model 2510 supports two built in remote i...

Page 94: ...his section contains information about GPIB standards bus connections and primary address options See Appendix C for more GPIB information GPIB standards The GPIB is the IEEE 488 instrumentation data...

Page 95: ...nectors as shown in Figure 6 1 Figure 6 1 IEEE 488 connector To allow many parallel connections to one instrument stack the connectors Two screws are located on each connector to ensure that connectio...

Page 96: ...re a different type of connecting cable See your controller s instruction manual for information about properly connecting to the IEEE 488 bus NOTE You can only have 15 devices connected to an IEEE 48...

Page 97: ...NICATION option of the Main Menu See Main menu page 1 19 Sending and receiving data The RS 232 interface transfers data using 8 data bits 1 stop bit and no parity Make sure the device you connect to t...

Page 98: ...odel 2510 does not sup port hardware handshaking flow control Software flow control is in the form of XON and XOFF characters and is enabled when XON XOFF is selected from the RS 232 FLOW CONTROL menu...

Page 99: ...rear panel con nector location If your computer uses a DB 25 connector for the RS 232 interface you will need a cable or adapter with a DB 25 connector on one end and a DB 9 connector on the other wi...

Page 100: ...unciators show the GPIB bus status Each of these indicators is described below REM This indicator shows when the instrument is in the remote state REM does not necessarily indicate the state of the bu...

Page 101: ...he listener idle state by sending UNL Unlisten addressing it to talk or sending IFC Interface Clear command over the bus SRQ You can program the instrument to generate a service request SRQ when one o...

Page 102: ...ncelling front panel TALK or LSTN lights if the instrument was previously placed in one of these states Note that this command does not affect the status of the instrument Settings data and event regi...

Page 103: ...dressed the SDC command provides a method to clear only selected instruments instead of clearing all instruments simultaneously as is the case with DCL GET group execute trigger GET is a GPIB trigger...

Page 104: ...he brackets When using optional com mand words in your program do not include the brackets Parameter types The following are some of the more common parameter types b Boolean Used to enable or disable...

Page 105: ...d A through F Examples to send the decimal value 36 in the non decimal formats ESE b100100 Binary format ESE q44 Octal format ESE h24 Hexadecimal format Angle brackets Angle brackets are used to denot...

Page 106: ...ill generate an error The command will not be executed Short form rules Use the following rules to determine the short form version of any SCPI command If the length of the command word is four letter...

Page 107: ...e commands in this structure can be executed by sending three separate program messages as follows stat oper enab NRf stat oper enab stat pres In each of the above program messages the path pointer st...

Page 108: ...commands within the program message see next rule When the path pointer detects a colon that immediately follows a semicolon it resets back to the root level The path pointer can only move down It can...

Page 109: ...the query commands were sent and are separated by semicolons Items within the same query are separated by commas The following example shows the response message for a program message that contains fo...

Page 110: ...r in the status structure Status byte and service request SRQ Explains how to program the Status Byte to generate service requests SRQs Shows how to use the serial poll sequence to detect SRQs Status...

Page 111: ...grammed by the user the RQS MSS bit will set to indicate that an SRQ has occurred Status register sets A typical status register set is made up of a condition register an event register and an event e...

Page 112: ...nable Status Standard Event 3 5 6 Cal 9 10 11 12 13 15 Condition Register Always Zero 3 5 6 9 10 11 12 13 15 Event Register 3 5 6 9 10 11 12 13 15 Event Enable Register Logical OR Cal Cal Calibration...

Page 113: ...egisters CLS Reset all bits of the following event registers to 0 Note 1 Standard Event Register Operation Event Register Measurement Event Register Questionable Event Register STATus PRESet Reset all...

Page 114: ...octal The bit positions of the register see Figure 7 2 indicate the binary parameter value For example if you wish to sets bits B4 B3 and B1 the binary value would be 11010 where B4 1 B3 1 B1 1 and a...

Page 115: ...esponse message The actual query commands are covered later in this section The response message will be a value that indicates which bits in the register are set That value if not already binary will...

Page 116: ...uest SRQ ESB OSB ESB STB OSB SRE SRE OR B6 RQS B5 B7 B5 B6 Serial Poll Service Request Generation B7 MSS MAV Status Summary Message Read by Serial Poll Read by STB Status Byte Register OSB Operation S...

Page 117: ...present in the Error Queue Bit B3 Questionable Summary Bit QSB Set summary bit indicates that an enabled questionable event has occurred Bit B4 Message Available MAV Set summary bit indicates that a r...

Page 118: ...set bit B6 and generate an SRQ service request In your test program you can periodically read the Status Byte to check if an SRQ has occurred and what caused it If an SRQ occurs the program can for ex...

Page 119: ...nd reads the Status Byte Register using the binary format which directly indicates which bits are set The command to select format FORMat SREGister is documented in Table 7 2 To determine the exact na...

Page 120: ...Error QYE Set bit indicates that you attempted to read data from an empty Output Queue Bit B3 Device Dependent Error DDE Set bit indicates that an instrument operation did not execute properly due to...

Page 121: ...tandard Event Status Enable OR To Event Summary Bit ESB of Status Byte Register See Figure 7 1 PON Power On URQ User Request CME Command Error EXE Execution Error ESE DDE B3 QYE B2 B1 OPC B0 EXE B4 CM...

Page 122: ...process has been completed Model 2510 AT only Bits B8 and B9 Not used always 0 Bit B10 Idle State Idle Set bit indicates the Model 2510 is in the idle state Bits B11 through B14 Not used Bit B15 Alwa...

Page 123: ...ion Bit B5 Under Resistance UR Set bit indicates an under resistance condition Bit B6 Reading Available RAV Set bit indicates that a reading was taken and processed Bit B7 Reading Overflow ROF Set bit...

Page 124: ...gure 7 1 RAV Reading Available ROF Reading Overflow OE Output Enable Asserted SPT Setpoint Tolerance OL Open Lead SL Shorted Lead OE B11 OL B13 SL B14 B15 OE B11 SPT B12 OL B13 SL B14 B15 OE B11 SPT B...

Page 125: ...instrument Bits B9 through B13 Not used Bit B14 Command Warning Warn Set bit indicates that a Signal Oriented Measurement Command parameter has been ignored Bit B15 Always zero Figure 7 7 Questionable...

Page 126: ...appropriate event register bit sets to 1 The bit remains latched to 1 until the register is reset Reading an event register clears the bits of that register CLS resets all four event registers The com...

Page 127: ...the appropriate enable command i e STATus OPERation ENABle 0 CLS has no effect on event enable registers Table 7 7 Event enable registers commands Command Description Default ESE NDN or NRf Program St...

Page 128: ...Output queue The output queue holds data that pertains to the normal operation of the instrument For example when a query command is sent the response message is placed in the Output Queue When data...

Page 129: ...Messages in the Error Queue are preceded by a code number Negative numbers are used for SCPI defined messages and positive numbers are used for Keithley defined messages As shown in Table 7 9 there a...

Page 130: ...not to be placed in queue Note 2 DISable Read the disabled messages CLEar Clear messages from Error Queue SYSTem SYSTem Subsystem ERRor Read Error Queue Note 1 NEXT Read and clear oldest error status...

Page 131: ...ummary Lists the IEEE 488 2 common commands used by the Model 2510 Command reference Provides a detailed reference for all common commands except for those associated with the status structure which a...

Page 132: ...serial number and firmware revision levels of the unit OPC Operation complete command Set the Operation Complete bit in the Standard Event Register after all pending commands have been executed OPC O...

Page 133: ...n the Output Queue after all pending command operations are complete Typically either one of these commands is sent after the INITiate command The INITiate command is used to take the instrument out o...

Page 134: ...es See Table 10 1 through Table 10 10 in Section 10 for SYSTem PRESet and RST default conditions RST reset Return Model 2510 to GPIB defaults When the RST command is sent the Model 2510 performs the f...

Page 135: ...t Sequential commands A command whose operations are allowed to finish before the next command is executed Overlapped commands A command that allows the execution of subsequent commands while device o...

Page 136: ...those commands used to configure and acquire readings Acquiring readings Describes commands to acquire post processed readings both trigger and acquire readings and to perform a single measurement Co...

Page 137: ...mand does not affect the instrument setup This command does not trigger control measure operations it simply requests the last available readings Note that this command can repeat edly return the sam...

Page 138: ...re Measure Peltier temperature TSENsor Measure temperature sensor VOLTage DC Measure Peltier DC voltage Description This command combines other signal oriented measurement commands to perform a one sh...

Page 139: ...played when the unit is addressed to talk INITiate IMMediate Description This command is used to trigger readings but it does not request read ings from the unit The INITiate command starts operation...

Page 140: ...10 SCPICommandReference Reference tables Summarizes each SCPI command subsystem SCPI subsystems Provides detailed information on all commands in each SCPI subsystem...

Page 141: ...otherwise noted SCPI A check mark indicates that the command and its parameters are SCPI confirmed An unmarked command indicates that it is a SCPI command but does not conform to the SCPI standard of...

Page 142: ...f the display Note STATe Returns the state of the user defined message DATA Returns the 20 characters that are displayed on the top line WINDow2 ATTRibutes Returns a 32 character string representing t...

Page 143: ...TATus TEMP VOLT CURR POW RES TSEN TIME STATus SREGister type Type ASCii HEXadecimal OCTal or BINary Selects the output response format of the Status Model registers ASCii SREGister Query output respon...

Page 144: ...rrent TRANsducer name Select sensor type name THERmistor RTD THERmistor TRANsducer Query transducer type THERmistor RANGe n Set thermistor resistance range n 0 to 3e5 100 1e3 1e4 1e5 MIN MAX DEF 1e4 R...

Page 145: ...resistance range A n Set A parameter value n 10 to 10 MIN MAX DEF 1 13030e 3 A Query A parameter value B n Set B parameter value n 10 to 10 MIN MAX DEF 2 33894e 4 B Query B parameter value C n Set C...

Page 146: ...1e5 MIN MAX DEF 20 0 INTegral Query current integral constant LEVel IMMediate AMPLitude n Set current amplitude n 5 to 5 A MIN MAX DEF 0 0 AMPLitude Query current amplitude FUNCtion Select source fun...

Page 147: ...1k RTD 5 000e3 to 8 000e4 for 10k thermistor 5 000e4 to 2 000e5 for 100k thermistor MIN LOW LEV MAX DEF 200 100 RTD or ther 2e3 1k RTD or ther 2e4 10k ther or 2e5 100k ther LEVel Query upper protectio...

Page 148: ...uery tau value LAG Query lag value STARt n Set start temperature value Not to exceed temperature protection level STARt Query temperature start value STOP n Set stop temperature value STOP Query stop...

Page 149: ...W Lower temperature limit 0 0 LEVel n Set lower temperature limit n 50 to 250 C 223 15 to 523 15K 58 to 482 F MIN MAX DEF 0 C 273 15K 32 F LEVel Query lower protection temperature limit TRIPped Query...

Page 150: ...stant n 0 to 1e5 MIN MAX DEF 0 0 DERivative Query voltage derivative constant INTegral n Set voltage integral constant n 0 to 1e5 MIN MAX DEF 20 0 INTegral Query voltage integral constant LEVel IMMedi...

Page 151: ...t states QUEue Path to access error queue NEXT Read the most recent error message Note 4 ENABle list Specify error and status messages for queue Note 5 ENABle Read the enabled messages DISable list Sp...

Page 152: ...cy Sets the Line Frequency 50 or 60Hz Note LFRequency Returns the Line Frequency 50 or 60Hz TIME RESet Resets the Model 2510 s absolute timestamp RSENse b Enable ON or disable OFF 4 wire measurement R...

Page 153: ...character position for the specified display The primary display consists of 20 characters and the secondary display consists of 32 characters 1 Character is blinking 0 Character is not blinking For...

Page 154: ...ypes String aa a or aa a Indefinite Block 0aa a Definite Block XYaa a where Y number of characters in message Up to 20 for top display Up to 32 for bottom display X number of digits that make up Y 1 o...

Page 155: ...ed display Description These commands enable and disable the text message modes When enabled a defined message is displayed When disabled the message is removed from the display GPIB Operation A user...

Page 156: ...valid 063 111 o 016 064 112 p 017 065 A 113 q 018 W 066 B 114 r 019 067 C 115 s 020 leftflagbar 068 D 116 t 021 rightflagbar 069 E 117 u 022 fullflagbar 070 F 118 v 023 leftbar 071 G 119 w 024 rightba...

Page 157: ...10 199 247 box7 152 selftest11 200 248 box8 153 selftest12 201 249 box9 154 selftest13 202 250 tombstone 155 selftest14 203 251 156 box1 204 Pt 252 157 box2 205 253 158 5 206 254 159 207 255 160 0 208...

Page 158: ...d MEASure function over the GPIB All other queries are returned in the ASCII format NOTE Regardless of which data format for output strings is selected the Model 2510 will only respond to input comman...

Page 159: ...to terminate on EOI only Figure 10 2 IEEE 754 single precision data format 32 data bits During binary transfers never un talk the Model 2510 until after the data is read input to the computer Also to...

Page 160: ...9 9E37 VOLTage This element provides the TEC voltage measurement CURRent This element provides the TEC current measurement RESistance This element provides the TEC resistance measurement TEMPerature T...

Page 161: ...is set to 1 when the voltage measurement was made in an over range condition Cleared to 0 otherwise 1 CURRENT_OFLO This bit is set to 1 when the current measurement was made in an over range conditio...

Page 162: ...a format for each element is sent as follows Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 Byte 4 Single precision For reverse byte order the data format for each element is sent as follows Byte 4 Byte 3 Byte 2 Byte 1 Single...

Page 163: ...to read the contents of the status event regis ters This command is used to set the response message format for those query commands When a status register is queried the response message is a value t...

Page 164: ...FF Turn off enable line 1 or ON Turn on enable line Query STATe Query state of enable Description This command is used to activate or inactivate the hardware output enable line When activated the sour...

Page 165: ...rotection limit MINimum 1 0 MAXimum 5 25 DEFault 2 0 Query PROTection LEVel Query current protection limit Description This command programs the current protection limit You can determine whether or n...

Page 166: ...RESistance CURRent AUTO b Enable disable auto sensor current Parameters b 1 or ON Enable auto sensor current 0 or OFF Disable auto sensor current Query AUTO Query auto sensor current state Description...

Page 167: ...AXimum 3e5 DEFault 1e4 Query RANGe Query sensor resistance range Description This command programs the temperature sensor resistance range It affects only thermistor sensor types Nominal ranges are 10...

Page 168: ...nsor Parameters name THERmistor Select thermistor sensor RTD Select RTD sensor VSS Voltage type solid state sensor ISS Current type solid state sensor Query TRANsducer Query sensor type Description Th...

Page 169: ...00 and 1000 ALPHa n SENSe 1 TEMPerature RTD ALPHa n Program RTD sensor alpha Parameters n 0 to 0 01 RTD coefficient MINimum 0 MAXimum 0 01 DEFault 0 00385 Query ALPHa Query RTD coefficient Description...

Page 170: ...stance range Parameters n 0 to 3e5 Set thermistor resistance range 100 1e3 1e4 1e5 MINimum 0 MAXimum 3e5 DEFault 1e4 Query RANGe Query sensor resistance range Description This command programs the tem...

Page 171: ...mum 10 DEFault 8 85983e 8 Query C Query thermistor C coefficient Description This command programs the thermistor temperature sensor C coefficient Solid state sensor parameters GAIN n SENSe 1 TEMPerat...

Page 172: ...rameters VSS n 999 999 to 999 999 VSS solid state sensor offset K MINimum 999 999 MAXimum 999 999 DEFault 0 0 ISS n 999 999 to 999 999 ISS solid state sensor offset K MINimum 999 999 MAXimum 999 999 D...

Page 173: ...be configured as a 50W voltage source capable of delivering 10V 5A or a 50W current source capable of delivering 5A 10V Table 10 5 summarizes SOURce 1 subsystem commands Control source output off IMMe...

Page 174: ...nstant SOURce 1 CURRent LCONstants DERvative n Program derivative constant SOURce 1 CURRent LCONstants INTegral n Program integral constant Parameters GAIN n 0 to 1e5 Set proportional constant value M...

Page 175: ...tor 1e3 1k RTD or thermistor 1e4 10k thermistor 1e5 100k thermistor Query AMPLitude Query resistance amplitude Description This command programs the amplitude setpoint for the resistance function The...

Page 176: ...Rce 1 RESistance PROTection STATe b Enable disable protection Parameters HIGH n 50 to 1 000e3 100 thermistor 500 to 9 999e3 1k thermistor 5 000e3 to 8 000e4 10k thermistor 5 000e4 to 2 000e5 100k ther...

Page 177: ...RIPPed que ries return a value of 1 if the corresponding limit is exceeded or a value of 0 if it is not exceeded STATe returns a value of 1 if protection is enabled Note that the high limit cannot be...

Page 178: ...Nimum 0 MAXimum 1e5 DEFault 20 0 DERivative n 0 to 1e5 Set derivative constant value MINimum 0 MAXimum 1e5 DEFault 0 0 INTegral n 0 to 1e5 Set integral constant value MINimum 0 MAXimum 1e5 DEFault 0 6...

Page 179: ...it value 223 15 to 523 15K 58 to 482 F MINimum 50 C 223 15K 58 F MAXimum 250 523 15K 482 F DEFault 0 C 273 15K 32 F STATe b ON OFF Enable disable protection ON 1 Enable protection OFF 0 Disable protec...

Page 180: ...l constant SOURce 1 VOLTage LCONstants DERvative n Program derivative constant SOURce 1 VOLTage LCONstants INTegral n Program integral constant Parameters GAIN n 0 to 1e5 Set proportional constant val...

Page 181: ...value of 0 if it is not exceeded These protection com mands are active only for the voltage function and are absolute As a result there are no high low limits or STATe commands since voltage protecti...

Page 182: ...rance POINts SOURce 1 STOLerance POINts Query number of readings within window Description This command queries the number of readings that have currently been within the programmed tolerance window P...

Page 183: ...au value SOURce 1 TEMPerature ATUNe LAG Query lag constant Description These queries are used to query the autotune tau and lag values Set temperature start and stop values SOURce 1 TEMPerature ATUNe...

Page 184: ...the logic levels of the output lines of the Digital I O port When set high the specified output line will be at approximately 5V When set low the output line will be at 0V The four output lines are in...

Page 185: ...ands and addressing the Model 2510 to talk a value is sent to the computer This value indicates which bits in the appropriate register are set Program event enable registers ENABle NDN or NRf STATus M...

Page 186: ...llowing SCPI event registers are cleared to zero 0 1 Operation Event Enable Register 2 Event Enable Register 3 Measurement Event Enable Register NOTE The Standard Event Register is not affected by thi...

Page 187: ...ror Queue Parameters list numlist where numlist is a specified list of messages that you wish to disable for the Error Queue in parentheses Query DISable Query list of disabled messages Description On...

Page 188: ...wer on defaults With RST selected the instrument powers up to the RST default conditions With PRES selected the instrument powers up to the SYStem PRESet default conditions Default conditions are list...

Page 189: ...y command is similar to the NEXT command except that all messages in the Error Queue are sent to the computer when the Model 2510 is addressed to talk All messages are removed from the queue COUNt SYS...

Page 190: ...ast pressed key Description This command is used to simulate front panel key presses For example to select the MENU key you can send the following command to simu late pressing the menu key syst key 2...

Page 191: ...sec onds The timestamp also resets to 0 seconds every time the Model 2510 is turned on Note that time information can be returned with the READ and MEAS queries by specifying a time element with the...

Page 192: ...However the user may wish to lock out front panel keys during RS 232 communications See RWLock page 10 53 This command is used to remove the Model 2510 from the remote state and enables the operation...

Page 193: ...out of idle The READ and MEASure commands also perform an initiation Abort source measure cycle ABORt Abort operation Description When this action command is sent the Model 2510 aborts operation retur...

Page 194: ...A Specifications...

Page 195: ...C Sensor Type RTD Thermistor Solid State Current Voltage 100 1 k 100 1 k 10 k 100 k Output ISS Output VSS Excitation 9 2 50 mA 833 A 2 5 mA 833 A 100 A 33 A 13 5V 2 5 mA Compliance 833 A max 833 A 15...

Page 196: ...cations Accuracy specifications are stated as follows Accuracy of reading offset As an example of how to calculate the actual limits assume an output voltage of 5V You can compute the limits from one...

Page 197: ...B StatusandErrorMessages...

Page 198: ...ve numbers are used for Keithley defined messages Note that error and status conditions will also set specific bits in various status registers as sum marized in Table B 1 Section 7 has detailed infor...

Page 199: ...tly running Illegal program name Cannot create program Expression error Hardware missing Data corrupt or stale EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE Standard Event Standard Event Standard Event Standard Event...

Page 200: ...error Numeric data not allowed Too many digits EE EE EE EE EE Standard Event Standard Event Standard Event Standard Event Standard Event 5 5 5 5 5 123 121 120 114 113 Exponent too large Invalid charac...

Page 201: ...1 12 13 14 200 Standard events Operation complete SE Standard Event 0 300 303 305 306 307 310 Operation events Device calibrating Device sweeping Waiting in trigger layer Waiting in arm layer Autotune...

Page 202: ...Standard Event Standard Event Standard Event Standard Event Standard Event Standard Event Standard Event Standard Event Standard Event 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 561 562 563 564 565 566 570 1kO...

Page 203: ...tune Cannot to find 20 Temp Autotune Cannot to find 80 Temp Autotune Temperature Runaway Autotune Ambient Unstable Autotune I Limited Exceeded Autotune LOLIM Temp Exceeded Autotune Errant Readings Aut...

Page 204: ...space between command and parameter SENS TEMP THER RANG 100 Correct Improper short or long form Check the command lists in Section 10 for the correct command name Blanks spaces within the command name...

Page 205: ...er data format 420 Query UNTERMINATED This error occurs when you address the instrument to talk and there is no response mes sage to send The most likely causes are Not sending a query You must send a...

Page 206: ...C IEEE 488BusOverview...

Page 207: ...on transfer The basic handshake sequence between an active con troller talker and a listener is as follows 1 The listener indicates that it is ready to listen 2 The talker places the byte of data on t...

Page 208: ...1 ABLE TO TALK LISTEN AND CONTROL COMPUTER DEVICE 2 ABLE TO TALK AND LISTEN 2510 DEVICE 3 ONLY ABLE TO LISTEN PRINTER DEVICE 4 ONLY ABLE TO TALK DAV NRFD NDAC IFC ATN SRQ REN EOI DATA BUS DATA BYTE T...

Page 209: ...ress The primary address may have any value between 0 and 31 and is generally set by rear panel DIP switches or programmed from the front panel of the instrument The actual lis ten address value sent...

Page 210: ...ine is one of the more important management lines The state of this line determines how information on the data bus is to be interpreted IFC Interface Clear As the name implies the IFC line controls c...

Page 211: ...source is a controller NRFD and NDAC must be stable for at least 100nsec after ATN is set true Because of the possibility of a bus hang up many control lers have time out routines that display messag...

Page 212: ...mmarized in Table C 1 Table C 1 IEEE 488 bus command summary Command type Command State of ATN line Comments Uniline Multiline Universal Addressed Unaddressed Common SCPI REN Remote Enable EOI End Or...

Page 213: ...Interface Clear IFC is used to clear the interface and return all devices to the talker and listener idle states ATN Attention The controller sends ATN while transmitting addresses or multiline comman...

Page 214: ...ration for example take a reading Although GET is an addressed command many devices respond to GET without addressing Address commands Addressed commands include two primary command groups and a secon...

Page 215: ...and are based on the instrument model defined by the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI Consor tium s SCPI standard Generally these commands are sent as one or more ASCII characters t...

Page 216: ...E DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US LLO DCL PPU SPE SPD 1 B 2 A SP _ 2 B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3 A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 B 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 2...

Page 217: ...esent Note that ATN is true for both the listen command and the SDC command byte itself Table C 4 gives a typical common command sequence In this instance ATN is true while the instrument is being add...

Page 218: ...ATA DAV DATA VALID UNIVERSAL COMMAND GROUP ATN ATTENTION DCL DEVICE CLEAR IFC INTERFACE CLEAR REN REMOTE ENABLE SPD SERIAL POLL DISABLE SPE SERIAL POLL ENABLE ADDRESS COMMAND GROUP LISTEN TALK LAG LIS...

Page 219: ...pabilities T5 exist only after the instrument has been addressed to talk L Listener Function The ability for the instrument to receive device dependent data over the bus from other devices is provided...

Page 220: ...nitialized DT Device Trigger Function DT1 defines the ability of the Model 2510 to have readings triggered C Controller Function The instrument does not have controller capabilities C0 TE Extended Tal...

Page 221: ...D IEEE 488andSCPI ConformanceInformation...

Page 222: ...standard Std 488 2 1987 lists the documentation requirements Table D 1 provides a summary of the requirements and pro vides the information or references in the manual for that information Table D 2...

Page 223: ...size Common Commands implemented by Model 2510 Calibration query information Trigger macro for DDT Macro information Response to IDN identification Storage area for PUD and PUD Resource description f...

Page 224: ...Also changes SENS TEMP RTD TYPE except for USER type SENS TEMP RTD ALPHa SENS TEMP RTD BETA SENS TEMP RTD DELTa SENS RES CURR or SENS TEMP CURR SENS RES CURR AUTO to OFF SENS TEMP CURR AUTO to OFF SO...

Page 225: ...E ExamplePrograms...

Page 226: ...ft QBasic supplied with MS DOS 5 0 or later MS DOS version 5 0 or later or Windows 95 98 HP style Universal Language Driver CECHP EXE supplied with Keithley and CEC interface cards listed above Genera...

Page 227: ...in Section 3 Instrument setup Briefly Program 1 sets up the Model 2510 as follows Temperature function setpoint 50 C Lower and upper limits 10 C and 100 C PT100 100 RTD sensor with 4 wire sensing PID...

Page 228: ...ow discuss Figure E 1 demonstrates the basic method for generating temperature sweeps Once the temperature stabilizes at the Initial Setpoint a step change is made in the setpoint setting Once the tem...

Page 229: ...sic programming steps for generating a temperature sweep using setpoint tolerance For the most part the instrument is operated using default condi tions by sending a RST command at the beginning of th...

Page 230: ...T 1 OUTPUT 15 UNIT TEMP CEL Celsius temperature units PRINT 1 OUTPUT 15 SOUR TEMP PROT 100 Upper limit 100 deg PRINT 1 OUTPUT 15 SOUR TEMP PROT LOW 10 Lower limit 10 deg PRINT 1 OUTPUT 15 TEMP TRAN RT...

Page 231: ...UTPUT 15 MEAS CURR Query TEC current PRINT 1 ENTER 15 INPUT 2 R PRINT TEC current R PRINT 1 OUTPUT 15 MEAS TEMP Query temperature PRINT 1 ENTER 15 INPUT 2 R PRINT Temperature R PRINT 1 OUTPUT 15 MEAS...

Page 232: ...oint tolerance PRINT 1 OUTPUT 15 SOUR STOL COUN 10 10 reading tolerance window PRINT 1 OUTPUT 15 SOUR TEMP PROT 90 Upper temp limit 90 deg PRINT 1 OUTPUT 15 OUTP ON Turn on output CLS FOR Setpoint 40...

Page 233: ...F GPIB488 1Protocol...

Page 234: ...CATION and press ENTER to display the COMMUNICATIONS SETUP menu 3 Place the cursor on GPIB and press ENTER to display the present GPIB address 4 Press ENTER to display the GPIB PROTOCOL menu 5 Place t...

Page 235: ...SOUR VOLT 10 OPC SOUR RES READ READ READ The following command strings are valid SOURce1 TEMPerature 25 sour temp prot 50 sens curr prot 2 sour volt 5 SENS TEMP CURR MAX READ When a query is sent eith...

Page 236: ...er that the out put must be on OUTput STATe ON before you can take readings Message available The MAV message available bit in the Serial Poll byte will be set when the query is fin ished being proces...

Page 237: ...etpoints 3 9 Front panel procedure 3 10 Protection limits 3 13 Remote command procedure 3 11 Annunciators 1 6 ASCII display values 10 17 Autotune 4 6 Sample procedure 4 12 SCPI commands 10 43 Avoiding...

Page 238: ...ctions 2 3 Autotuning 4 12 Basic temperature control E 6 Digital I O sink operation 5 3 Digital I O source operation 5 4 Engineering units display 1 12 Firmware revision display 1 8 Front panel contro...

Page 239: ...rmance information D 1 IEEE 488 bus overview C 1 IFC interface clear 6 11 Indicator ON OFF 1 15 Within setpoint tolerance 3 16 INITiate 9 4 INPUT sensing 2 5 Inspection 1 3 K Keys EDIT 1 5 1 15 Functi...

Page 240: ...7 4 Error 7 20 Output 7 19 R Rack mount kits 1 4 Read display 10 15 READ 9 4 Reading Format 1 12 Readings Current 1 11 Resistance 1 12 Temperature 1 11 Voltage 1 11 Rear panel 1 7 Rear panel summary...

Page 241: ...olid state sensor restrictions 3 18 SOURce 1 subsystem 10 34 Control source output off 10 34 Current function 10 35 Resistance function 10 36 Select source function 10 34 Setpoint tolerance 10 42 Temp...

Page 242: ...erivative PD 4 4 Proportional integral derivative PID 4 4 Temperature control model 4 2 Temperature sensors 3 18 Terminator 6 7 Tests Front panel 1 15 Thermistor coefficients 4 14 Thermistor sensor ra...

Page 243: ...to zero Unstable Overload Will not read applied input Calibration only Certificate of calibration required Data required attach any additional sheets as necessary Show a block diagram of your measure...

Page 244: ...e 65 82110 Germering 089 84 93 07 40 Fax 089 84 93 07 34 GREAT BRITAIN Unit 2 Commerce Park Brunel Road Theale Berkshire RG7 4AB 0118 929 7500 Fax 0118 929 7519 INDIA Flat 2B Willocrissa 14 Rest House...