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3.7.1 Holding the electrode
The best way to grip the electrode holder is the way that feels most comfortable to you. Position the
Electrode to the work piece when striking the initial arc it may be necessary to hold the electrode
perpendicular to the work piece. Once the arc is started the angle of the electrode in relation to the work
piece should be between 10 and 30 degrees. This will allow for good penetration, with minimal spatter.
3.7.2 Striking the arc
EXPOSURE TO A WELDING ARC IS EXTREMELY HARMFUL TO THE EYES AND SKIN!
Prolonged exposure to the welding arc can cause blindness and burns. Never strike an arc or
begin welding until you are adequately protected. Wear flame-proof welding gloves, a heavy
long sleeved shirt, trousers without cuffs, high topped shoes, and an ANSI approved welding
helmet.
Scratch the work piece with the end of electrode to start arc and then raise it quickly about 1/8 inch gap
between the rod and the work piece, see following picture
It is important that the gap be maintained during the welding process and it should be neither too wide
or too narrow. If too narrow, the rod will stick to the work piece. If too wide, the arc will be extinguished.
It needs much practice to maintain the gap. The beginners may usually get sticker or arc extinguishing.
When the rod is stuck to the work piece, gently rock it back and forth to make them separate. If not, a
short circuit will occur and it will break the welder. A good arc is accompanied by a crisp, cracking
sound. The sound is similar to that made by eggs frying. To lay a weld bead, only 2 movements are
required; downward (as the electrode is consumed) and in the direction the weld is to be laid, as in
following figure:
3.7.3 Types of weld bead
The following paragraphs discuss the most commonly used arc welding beads.
The stringer bead
Formed by traveling with the electrode in a straight line while keeping the electrode
centered over the weld joint.
