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TWRF1 SCR Power Controller 

 

Theory 

Rev 2 

Ametek HDR Power Systems 

17 

CHAPTER 4 - Theory 

 

4.1 

Functional Description 

The main function of the TWRF1 is to control the amount of power delivered to a load.  The TWRF1 
accomplishes this by controlling the portion of each input cycle for which power is delivered.   
 
The  SCR  is  either  on  or  off  and  conducts  in  one  direction  when  turned  on.    Because  the  SCR  only 
conducts in one direction, two SCR’s are connected in “inverse parallel” configuration, Figure 4.1.  A 
small gate signal is applied to turn on the SCR.  Once the SCR is turned on, it will remain On until the 
current through the SCR goes below the holding current level. 
 
For  Phase  angle  firing  each  pair  of  Inverse  Parallel  SCR’s  is  turned  on  for  a  variable  portion  of  the 
half-cycle that conducts.  This advancing or delay of the firing angle will regulate the power and is used 
to control fast responding loads. 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Figure 4.1  AC Switch and SCR On-time 

 

4.2 

Overview of the TWRF1 

The following paragraphs provide a functional description of the digital firing control circuit, pulse-train 
firing, phase-lock loop, SPAN and ZERO controls, voltage-squared feedback, shutdown, and soft-start 
circuitry. 
 

4.3 

Digital Firing Control Circuit 

Firing  (gating)  of  the  SCRs  is  controlled  by  a  digital  firing  control  circuit  synchronized  to  the  line 
frequency  (50  or  60  Hz).    The  firing  control  circuit  may  be  manually  controlled  by  the  built-in  ZERO 
control or a remote potentiometer.  Automatic control may be from a temperature or process controller 
that provides a demand-proportional low-level voltage or milliampere output signal.  The firing control 
circuit may  also  be  turned  on  and  off  by an  external  switch or  relay contacts.   (Chapter  4  discusses 
some external control methods.) 
 

4.4 

Pulse-Train Firing 

The output of the TWRF1 to the SCRs consists of a pulse-train of approximately 17 kHz.  This means 
that  for  every  cycle  of  controlled  output,  the  SCRs  would  receive  approximately  142  trigger  pulses, 
which will ensure constant gating during the “on” period of the TWRF1’s output.  This also ensures that 
the SCR is gated on in case of a mid-cycle turnoff. 
 

4.5 

Phase-Lock Loop 

When the output of the oscillator is locked to the input signal, it is said to be “locked” in phase.  The 
control  voltage  is  such  that  the  frequency  of  the  voltage  controlled  oscillator  is  exactly  equal  to  the 
frequency of the input signal.  For each cycle of input there is one cycle of oscillator output.  By this 
method,  the TWRF1’s output will be held  at 50 Hz or 60 Hz,  depending on configuration.  The input 
signal  is  filtered,  then  compared  to  the  oscillator,  improving  noise  immunity  over  conventional  sync 
circuits. 

Summary of Contents for TWRF1 SCR Series

Page 1: ...tion and Maintenance Manual Number 9100051 Revision 2 530 Lakeview Plaza Blvd Ste C Worthington Ohio USA 43085 Toll Free 1 888 PWR CNTL 797 2685 Phone 614 308 5500 Fax 614 308 5506 Web www hdrpower co...

Page 2: ...presentative nearest you please call Ametek HDR Power Systems main office at 614 308 5500 Revision 1 December 2017 Initial Release Revision 2 Aug 2022 General Revision 2022 by Ametek HDR Power Systems...

Page 3: ...mote Manual Control with a Potentiometer 11 3 4 Process Command Input Control 12 3 5 Auto Manual Control with a Controller and Remote Potentiometer 13 3 6 On Off Control 14 3 7 Shutdown 14 3 8 Overcur...

Page 4: ...wer Controller ii Ametek HDR Power Systems Rev 2 7 1 Warranty 24 7 2 In house Repair Services 24 7 3 Field Service Repairs 25 APPENDIX 26 Appendix A System Schematic 26 Appendix B 30 60 A Outline 27 A...

Page 5: ...ut Connections 13 Figure 3 4 Auto Man Control with Controller and Remote Potentiometer 13 Figure 3 5 On Off Control 14 Figure 3 6 Shutdown Control 14 Figure 3 7 Current Limit Trip Board 15 Figure 4 1...

Page 6: ...Table of Contents TWRF1 SCR Power Controller iv Ametek HDR Power Systems Rev 2...

Page 7: ...anch circuit fused disconnect or circuit breaker with this Power Controller is required to ensure the safety of operating personnel CAUTION HAZARDOUS VOLTAGES exist at the Power Controller Load AT ALL...

Page 8: ...Safety Instructions TWRF1 SCR Power Controller 2 Ametek HDR Power Systems Rev 2...

Page 9: ...the SCRs is controlled by a digital firing control circuit synchronized in phase with line frequency either 50 or 60 Hz A soft start approximately a 1 cycle ramp feature is standard that allows the Po...

Page 10: ...ch the output can increase to prevent high inrush currents with transformer coupled loads or high cold to hot resistance ratios such as tungsten heating elements The rate of increase is limited to app...

Page 11: ...red Power output linearity versus control signals input 2 Non isolated 5 Isolated Power SCRs protection Current surge Subcycle I T semiconductor fuse OPTIONAL Transient voltage spikes dv dt Metal Oxid...

Page 12: ...Description TWRF1 SCR Power Controller 6 Ametek HDR Power Systems Rev 2...

Page 13: ...15 30 A and 10 AWG or larger wire for the other sizes NOTICE Use copper conductors rated 75 C minimum for all model current ratings On the internal side of the TWRF1 the wire from L2 should connect to...

Page 14: ...nal Input HDR s TWRF Phase Fired SCR Power Controllers are configured for a potentiometer non isolated but has the capability of having either an isolated current or non isolated voltage Command Signa...

Page 15: ...cedure as follows 1 Open the SCR power controller and locate transformer T1 The primary side of T1 transformer will contain two wires one black the other white and black Refer to figure 2 3 Figure 2 3...

Page 16: ...Operation TWRF1 SCR Power Controller 10 Ametek HDR Power Systems Rev 2...

Page 17: ...icator The Command Signal Indicator is a green Light Emitting Diode LED located on the front cover of the unit The brilliance of this LED will change with a current Command Signal The brilliance incre...

Page 18: ...ge reading is at maximum h If necessary readjust ZERO with remote potentiometer fully CCW and SPAN control and remote potentiometer fully CW i Turn off the line power to the TWRF1 and disconnect the t...

Page 19: ...eter CW until the output trips to the desired level 3 5 Auto Manual Control with a Controller and Remote Potentiometer On closed loop processes it may be desirable to be able to operate the unit manua...

Page 20: ...enable the TWRF1 Figure 3 5 On Off Control Calibrate the system by performing the steps in 3 3 Note that zero power demand is accomplished by opening the contacts with the controller and maximum powe...

Page 21: ...Adjust the OC CUR PWR potentiometer fully CW b With the power controller at full output adjust OC CUR PWR potentiometer CCW until the unit shuts off c Adjust the OC CUR PWR potentiometer slightly CW d...

Page 22: ...Operation TWRF1 SCR Power Controller 16 Ametek HDR Power Systems Rev 2...

Page 23: ...ing of the SCRs is controlled by a digital firing control circuit synchronized to the line frequency 50 or 60 Hz The firing control circuit may be manually controlled by the built in ZERO control or a...

Page 24: ...rnal control device From midpoint to extreme CW is the positive control region whose extremes correspond to 0 and 100 power output respectively as manually adjusted The SPAN control is used as a final...

Page 25: ...riable from zero to some intermediate value but cannot be brought to maximum The symptoms listed may be caused by one or more of the following an environmental problem faulty input power or load conne...

Page 26: ...ns should be free of dust or dirt for proper heat transfer and free of obstructions which could prevent proper airflow Contamination The unit should be periodically cleaned of all dust and dirt Howeve...

Page 27: ...n the Rx1 scale the resistance should be infinite in both directions If a shorted component is indicated in any of these cases replace it 2b Firing control section defective Replace the fuse and retur...

Page 28: ...rrange for service at your site or by shipment to Ametek HDR Power System as you request We will make every possible attempt to support your emergency on site needs regardless of how contacted 6 2 Spa...

Page 29: ...0 2087000 2099112 6791114 1 1 1 1 60 Ampere Units PCB Assy PF1 Extended Gate PCB Assy Over current Trip PCB Assy DVDT SCR dual pkg 1622 A 1400 V 2099160 2087000 2099112 6722114 1 1 1 1 90 Ampere Units...

Page 30: ...Y OR OTHERWISE IN NO EVENT WILL AMETEK HDR BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES NOR IN ANY EVENT SHALL HDR S LIABILITY EXCEED THE UNIT PRICE OF ANY DEFECTIVE PRODUCT OR PART 7 2 In house Re...

Page 31: ...Power Systems 25 7 3 Field Service Repairs Repairs may be performed at your location Please contact Ametek HDR Power Systems at 614 308 5500 to discuss terms and conditions to get the current service...

Page 32: ...Warranty TWRF1 SCR Power Controller 26 Ametek HDR Power Systems Rev 2 APPENDIX Appendix A System Schematic Note Thermostat and fan not included on 60 A and smaller models...

Page 33: ...TWRF1 SCR Power Controller Appendix Rev 2 Ametek HDR Power Systems 27 Appendix B 30 60 A Outline R...

Page 34: ...Warranty TWRF1 SCR Power Controller 28 Ametek HDR Power Systems Rev 2 Appendix C 90 225 A Outline R...

Page 35: ...Notes...

Page 36: ...530 Lakeview Plaza Blvd Ste C Worthington Ohio 43085 USA...

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