How your Nokia M11 works
E
Copyright Nokia Networks Oy
C33833001SE_00
6-5
When M11 operates in normal routing mode, the DHCP request can be
relayed to the desired BOOTP/DHCP server. This functionality can be
used if DHCP server is located outside M11.
6.6
IP multicast
IP multicast is is a technique which is used to conserve bandwidth
when data is being sent to multiple receivers. Traditionally, in IP
unicast, the source sends an individual copy of the information to each
recipient. In IP multicast, only one copy of the multicast message will
pass over any link in the network. Copies of the message will be made
only where paths diverge at a router. This requires that all routers on the
path support multicast. However, IP tunneling can be used to connect
islands of multicast routers separated by routers which do not support
multicast.
The receiver, who wants to receive a multicast transmission, must join
a multicast host group. Multicast packets are only sent to LANs which
have recipients of the particular multicast host group. Internet Group
Management Protocol (IGMP) is used by multicast routers to learn the
existence of host group members on their own subnets.
M11 can operate as an IGMP proxy. It can send IGMP Host
Membership Queries to all hosts on its local network to learn about the
host group members. The host group members respond by sending
Host Membership Reports to the IGMP proxy. When the IGMP proxy
receives a multicast transmission, it maps the host group address to the
associated hardware address.
6.7
Payload encapsulation
Both routed and bridged protocols are encapsulated to the ATM uplink
using either LLC/SNAP encapsulation (ether-llc or ip-llc) or VC
multiplexing (ether-vcmux or ip-vcmux) according to RFC 1483. M11
also supports PPP over AAL5 encapsulation (ppp-vcmux and ppp-llc),
where both bridged and routed protocols are first encapsulated to PPP
(RFC 1661) which is, in turn, encapsulated to ATM according to IETF
PPP over AAL5 using RFC 2364 VC multiplexing or LLL/NLPID
encapsulation.
Typically, IP packets are encapsulated directly in the WAN interface
using the selected encapsulation method (ip-llc, ip-vcmux, or
ppp-vcmux). In some cases, bridged encapsulation can also be used for
routed IP traffic. In these cases, the IP packets are encapsulated in
Summary of Contents for M11 T66220
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