Nortel 1200N, User Manual

Page 1: ...297 8103 903 Nortel Networks BroadBand STP Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual SSR3 0 Standard 1 01 September 2000 ...

Page 2: ...es with a need to know and shall protect the information in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties with the same degree of care it uses to protect its own confidential information but with no less than reasonable care Except as expressly authorized in writing by Nortel Networks the holder is granted no rights to use the information contained herein Information subject ...

Page 3: ...ne number The FCC registration number AY5JPN 32775 XD N The required USOC jack is RJ45 WARNING This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause interference to radio communications It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 1...

Page 4: ...hone network the telephone company will notify you in advance that temporary discontinuance of service may be required If advance notice is not practical the telephone company will notify the customer as soon as possible Also you will be advised of your right to file a complaint with the FCC if you believe it is necessary The telephone company may make changes in its facilities equipment operation...

Page 5: ...e situation Repairs to certified equipment should b made by an authorized Canadian maintenance facility designated by the supplier Any repairs or installations made by the user to this equipment or equipment malfunctions may give the telecommunications company cause to request that the user disconnect the equipment Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections...

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Page 7: ...Cards 1 4 What is the Centillion 1200N Switch 2 1 Features 2 1 Outside View of the ATM Switch 2 3 Centillion 1200NSample System Configuration 2 4 What is ATM 2 5 What is a Server Card 2 7 LAN Emulation 2 8 ARP 2 10 Nomenclature and Functions 3 1 Nomenclature of the ATM Switch 3 1 Front View 3 1 Back View 3 4 Description and Function of Components 3 5 Switch CPU Card 3 5 Line Cards 3 7 155 Mbps UTP...

Page 8: ...estion Control 5 7 Priority Control 5 7 Shaping 5 7 Monitoring 5 8 Hardware Management 5 8 Hardware Interface 6 1 UNI and NNI 6 1 Line Interface 6 2 Installation 7 1 Installation Conditions 7 2 Environmental Conditions 7 2 Installation Space 7 3 Areas Suitable for Installation 7 5 Checking the Package Contents and Preparation for Setting 7 6 Packages 7 6 Packing List 7 6 Tools and Equipment Necess...

Page 9: ...aling 8 5 PVC Setup and Installation 8 8 Setting up LAN Emulation 8 10 SVC Tunneling 8 14 Maintenance and Operations 9 1 Overview 9 1 MAT and NMS 9 2 MAT 9 2 Physical Connection of MAT 9 3 Connection 9 5 Communications Software 9 6 NMS 9 7 NMS Interface via ATM 9 8 NMS Interface via Ethernet 9 8 Periodic Maintenance 9 9 Backing up Configuration Data 9 10 Cosmetic Check 9 11 Checking Cables and Con...

Page 10: ...Cards 10 16 Upgrading 10 18 Adding Line Cards 10 25 Preparation 10 25 Hardware Work 10 25 Setting the ATM Switch and MAT 10 25 Hardware Check of the Additional Line Card 10 25 Setting System Configuration Data 10 25 Adding Hardware 10 26 Preparation 10 26 Setting the New ATM Switch 10 26 Hardware Work 10 27 Troubleshooting 11 1 Error Detection 11 1 Detection by LED 11 2 Detection by Diagnosis 11 4...

Page 11: ...Table of Contents Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual v NTP 297 8103 903 This page is for your notes ...

Page 12: ...Table of Contents vi Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 ...

Page 13: ...he product is used incorrectly there is an imminent danger that the user will suffer either death or serious injury When this sign is ignored and the product is used incorrectly there is a pos sibility that the user will suffer either death or a serious injury When this sign is ignored and the product is used incorrectly there is a pos sibility that the user will suffer an injury or cause property...

Page 14: ...nt where the temperature is 41 to 104 F 5 to 40 C and humidity is 10 to 80 without condensation Condensation happens when moisture in the air attaches to the surface of metallic panels etc and turn into water drops Condensation may occur inside the equipment when the temperature inside the equipment is low and the room temperature is high Note that condensation may cause the equipment to fail To p...

Page 15: ... the equipment Staticelectricitymay cause the equipmentto fail To prevent damage from static electricity be sure the equipment is adequately grounded When touching a connector of the equipment be careful of electrostatic damage Be sure to use an electrostatic prevention kit and wear gloves when handling the equipment Thisequipment is normally usedwith itspower on Nooneotherthan theperson in charge...

Page 16: ...tc from coming in contact the equipment Keep foreign objects from entering the inside of the equipment Do not touch the reset switch or cable connections during operation Keep the cables from being at sharp angles PCMCIA Cards The following precautions apply to PCMIA cards if supplied Do not touch the card s terminal Poor contact or failure may result Do not bend the card or subject it to external...

Page 17: ...VC and variable path or switched virtual connections SVC and features such functions as ATM cell priority control congestion control and traffic monitoring In addition by using the SNMP protocol the ATM Switch can interface with a network management system NMS Features The ATM Switch is a desktop ATM switch used for such applications as LAN to LAN connection The ATM Switch serves as the core of an...

Page 18: ...t of network Because the ATM Switch is equipped with a network management agent function based on SNMP it can be managed along with such LAN products as routers and hubs Traffic control When competition occurs in sending out cells this traffic control function prevents the cell with a higher priority from being delayed or discarded Each connection may be set to one of five levels of control priori...

Page 19: ...al 2 3 NTP 297 8103 903 Outside View of the ATM Switch Figure 2 1 and Figure 2 2 show the external structure of the ATM Switch The ATM Switch has the following dimensions 440 mm 17 3 in wide 410 mm 16 1 in deep 154 mm 6 1 in high including rubber footing Figure 2 1 Front View Figure 2 2 Back View DC Power ...

Page 20: ... used as the backbone network of a router IP45 or a switching hub ATM Switch 3 for interworking such LANs as Ethernet Token Ring and FDDI In this case the throughout is 2 5 Gbps A router or a switching hub with an ATM interface may be connected directly to ATM Switch Those without an ATM interface may be connected to the ATM Switch via DSU ATM LAN By installing ATM NIC on a PC Personal Computer WS...

Page 21: ...the units What is ATM ATM or Asynchronous Transfer Mode is a communication method that will serve as the basis for tomorrow s communication network B ISDN In ATM all data in the network are exchanged in fixed length 53 byte blocks called cells This allows much faster and broader communications compared to the conventional STM or packet switching method The communication channels for cells are such...

Page 22: ...What is ATM What is the Centillion 1200N Switch 2 6 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Figure 2 5 illustrates the ATM cell format Figure 2 5 ATM Cell Format ...

Page 23: ...ntional broadcast address solution and improve the capacity of the network as a whole Hot Swappable The server card can be inserted into or removed from the ATM switching system without affecting its switching functions Processor to processor communication function Reciprocal communication is realized between the CPU in the server card and the CPU in the switching system This function allows the s...

Page 24: ...has been standardized by the ATM Forum in its LAN Emulation Over ATM Specification Version 1 0 LAN emulation allows existing LAN terminals to reciprocally communicate with ATM terminals and make it possible to construct a virtual LAN that is free of physical restraints Figure 2 6 and Figure 2 7 show the LAN emulation protocol stack between an ATM terminal and an existing LAN terminal and its frame...

Page 25: ...re is one LECS for each management domain BUS Broadcast and Unknown Server BUS provides broadcast and multicast functions and solves unknown destination addresses There is one BUS for each ELAN Emulated LAN Figure 2 8 is a sample system configuration using the ATM Switch series switching system and the server card LAN Emulation Server Figure 2 8 Sample System Configuration In the sample system con...

Page 26: ... LIS Shown in Figure 2 9 is the address resolution procedure using an ARP server The numbers correspond with the procedures that follow Figure 2 9 Address Resolution Procedure Using an ARP Server 1 Each terminal when connected to ATM LAN registers its own IP address and ATM address with the ARP server The ARP server uses the registered addresses to prepare an ARP table 2 When the transmission term...

Page 27: ... ARP server uses the ATM address to establish a direct SVC connection to the destination terminal This SVC connection is used until the data communication to the destination terminal is completed When the communication is completed this SVC is released The ATM address of the destination terminal obtained from the ARP server is cached in the transmission terminal and retained for a certain duration...

Page 28: ...ARP What is the Centillion 1200N Switch 2 12 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 This page is for your notes ...

Page 29: ...stalled on the top right hand side of the front of the ATM Switch The power unit may be redundant Switch CPU Card This is the basic component of the ATM Switch It is capable of switching ATM cells at a maximum speed of 2 5 Gbps It also controls the entire switch The switch CPU card is installed on the bottom right hand side of the front of the ATM Switch Front Plate The Front Plate is installed in...

Page 30: ...e UTP 5 COAX TAXI 6 3M J2 45M DS3 34M E3 1 5M DS1 2M E1 FR DS1 CE DS1 CE E1 The line cards provide line interfaces conforming to the ITU T ATM Forum The line cards terminate physical and ATM layers The line cards are installed in the line card slots in the front of the ATM Switch LANE server and IPOA ARP server functions can be used by installing a server card in the line slot LANE conforms to ATM...

Page 31: ...to this connector Power LED The POWER LED lights green when power is on and turns off when power is off Ready LED The READY LED turns on when the equipment is operating properly and turns off when an error occurs It also flashes during diagnosis Alarm LED The ALARM LED lights red when an error occurs in the equipment PCMCIA Card Slot This slot is used to install an ATA flash disk card for storing ...

Page 32: ...View Power Switch This switch is used to turn the ATM Switch on and off DC Power Connector This connector is used to connect the power cable Power Unit Fastening Screw This screw is used to fasten the power unit to the main unit and ground the ground wire inside the main unit for safety Figure 3 2 Back View of the ATM Switch ...

Page 33: ...tton This button is used to reset the switch CPU card RS 232C Connector This is a 9 pin D SUB connector used by service personnel to connect a Maintenance Administration Terminal MAT ALARM Out This connector is used to connect an external device for notifying the occurrence of an irregular condition in the hardware e g speaker or alarm notification lamp POWER Lighted Power on Off Power off READY L...

Page 34: ...4 Front View of 622 Mbps Single Mode and 155 Mbps Single Mode Long Line Card RCV INS Available for each line these lamps indicate the status of that particular line Rx Tx These codes indicate the reception side and transmission side of the SC connectors RCV red INS green Status Off Lighted Line status normal Lighted Off Line error reception error Off Flashing Line error transmission error Off Off ...

Page 35: ... Multi Mode 155 Mbps Single Mode Short and 100 Mbps TAXI Line Card RCV INS Available for each line these lamps indicate the status of that particular line Rx Tx These codes indicate the reception side and transmission side of the SC connectors RCV red INS green Status Off Lighted Line status normal Lighted Off Line error reception error Off Flashing Line error transmission error Off Off Hardware e...

Page 36: ...903 155 Mbps UTP5 Line Card Figure 3 6 Front View of 155 Mbps UTP5 Line Card RCV INS Available for each line these lamps indicate the status of that particular line RCV red INS green Status Off Lighted Line status normal Lighted Off Line error reception error Off Flashing Line error transmission error Off Off Hardware error ...

Page 37: ...RCV INS Available for each line these lamps indicate the status of that particular line Rx Tx These codes indicate the reception side and transmission side of the BNC connectors RCV red INS green Status Off Lighted Line status normal Lighted Off Line error reception error Off Flashing Line error transmission error Off Off Hardware error Rx Reception side connector Tx Transmission side connector ...

Page 38: ...Card RCV INS Available for each line these lamps indicate the status of that particular line Rx Tx These codes indicate the reception side and transmission side of the BNC connectors RCV red INS green Status Off Lighted Line status normal Lighted Off Line error reception error Off Flashing Line error transmission error Off Off Hardware error Rx Reception side connector Tx Transmission side connect...

Page 39: ... View of Power Unit The power unit indicates an alarm and stops output under the following conditions When excessive load is imposed on the output side and the protective function of the power unit lowers the voltage When voltage of higher than the rating is output due to an error in the power unit When the temperature rises abnormally inside the power unit ...

Page 40: ...nclature and Functions 3 12 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Fan Unit Figure 3 10 Outside View of Fan Unit Finger Guard Protects users from injury Fastening Screws These screws are used to fasten the fan unit to the shell ...

Page 41: ...e 3 11 Slot Numbers Power Unit Slot When viewed from the front of the ATM Switch slot 0 is to the left and slot 1 is to the right Line Card Slot When viewed from the front of the ATM Switch slot 0 3 are from bottom to top PCMCIA Card Slot When viewed from the front of the ATM Switch slot 0 is at bottom and slot 1 is at top In principle slot 0 is for the ATA card and slot 1 is for the LAN card ...

Page 42: ...s of the ATM Switch are as shown in Figure 3 12 Figure 3 12 Line Numbers Each line number of the ATM Switch is composed of two digits The left most digit indicates the line slot number and the last digit the position number Regardless of how many line ports are on a line card the position numbers are from the left 0 1 2 and 3 ...

Page 43: ...ch has a switching capacity of 4 lines at 622 Mbps or in throughput 2 5 Gbps Fixed path setting The path is normally set according to the connection information stored in the PCMCIA ATA card Path setting is changed by changing the connection information from an external MAT When the ATM Switch is reset the path is set according to the PVC connection information stored in the PCMCIA card or the PVC...

Page 44: ... CPU card outputs cells to the line cards corresponding to the destination lines 4 A line card that receives a cell converts the VPI VCI and PT in the cell header 5 Cells are sent to the destination lines As an ATM switch the switch CPU card time division multiplexes ATM cells from the four line cards uses AFs address filters to sort the input ATM cells according to the destinations in their heade...

Page 45: ...ow are the functional blocks that comprise the ATM Switch Figure 4 2 Functional Block Diagram The principal processes performed in each functional block in the switch CPU card are described below GWPAD controls the assembly and disassembly of cells according to AAL5 when the CPU communicates with the NMS Network Management System via ATM line or when switching cells according to SVC ASW is a funct...

Page 46: ...tion point to multipoint connection Five class cell delay priority control Cell alignment Back Pressure BP sampling control generation control multiplexing control CLK System clock generation and distribution Self running mode self running precision 4 6 ppm Slave mode pull in range 9 2 ppm only lines 00 13 can be enslaved GWPAD Cell assembly disassembly control transmission reception 512 connectio...

Page 47: ...ation of each line frame Cell alignment and clock change adjusts cell speed to line speed The line buffer converts into address number the data housed in the header of the ATM cell received from the line interface unit and sends the cell to the ATM switch At the same time the line buffer unit is equipped with an input buffer IXB that stores ATM cells according to the BP back pressure from the swit...

Page 48: ...Cards The line cards are available in several types to suit the various lines accommodated While the line cards differ in a number of ways such as the shape of connectors they basically function in the same way OC 12c OC 3c STM 4 single mode OC 3c STM1 single mode multi mode UTP 5 COAX TAXI 6 3M J2 45M DS3 34M E3 1 5M DS1 2M E1 FR DS1 CE DS1 CE E1 ...

Page 49: ...k control MUX Cell multiplexing demultiplexing of multiple PHY Cell loop back control ALT SSO Switch Specific Overhead generation reception side Cell header conversion transmission side Policing control Flow monitor e g passing cell count OAM function Fault Management IXB Cell storage buffer 32K cell buffer QoS five class CBR rt VBR nrt VBR ABR UBR Two class cell loss priority control EPD Early Pa...

Page 50: ... for interworking between ATM network and other types of networks The CE cards provide structured service and unstructured service in circuit emulation There are four types of CE cards CE DS1 CE J2 CE DS3 CE E1 With CE DS1 8 bit channels are stored in DS1 frames and the DS1 frames can be switched over to ATM cells depending on the type of service provided The frame format of CE DS1 in shown in Fig...

Page 51: ...d an FR buffer The server unit is a basic component of the Server Card Featuring a CPU with a R4650 processor and flash memory the server unit provides server functions and controls the Server Card The FR buffer realizes a communication function between the Server Card s CPU and the switching system s CPU Inter processor communication is realized by FRCTL LSI via the inter processor message commun...

Page 52: ...Hardware Configuration and Overview of Functions Hardware Specifications 4 10 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 This page is for your notes ...

Page 53: ...o the connection information stored in the PCMCIA ATA card The connection establishment can be changed by changing the connection information from an external MAT When the ATM Switch is reset the connection is established according to the PVC connection information stored in the PCMCIA ATA card or PVC connection information downloaded from an external source SVC is a variable connection that is pr...

Page 54: ...e remote side switch must be a NETNEX ATM Switch Tunneling is a connection that is established over a PVP Permanent Virtual Path network e g existing public network that does not support SVC A VP Virtual Path is established in a physical link that connects the switches in a PVP network and the VP is used as a tunneling path The switch edge switch that is adjacent to the PVP network establishes PVC...

Page 55: ...t the May 1993 meeting of the ITU T Study Group II ATM Forum UNI 3 0 based on Q SAAL1 SSCOP of ITU T Study Group 11 Document DT 11 3 28 ATM Forum UNI 3 1 ATM Forum UNI 4 0 The addresses that can be used for signaling are Address format E 164 NSAP incorporated ATM private network address defined by ATM Forum Besides UNI the ATM Switch also supports routing function and signaling function conforming...

Page 56: ...c routing tables Static routing tables can also be revised manually ILMI Functions ILMI is a function for learning the configuration data of neighboring equipment when an end system is connected to a switch or when a switch is connected to another switch The ILMI function includes a switch terminal address registration function This function is triggered by a trap The switch adds the inherent addr...

Page 57: ...d route cells by referring to that table Such information is exchanged periodically or whenever there is a change The information is used by each switch to prepare a dynamic routing table between PNNIs that reflects network status in a timely fashion Figure 5 4 illustrates the procedure by which the PNNI function prepares a dynamic routing table Figure 5 4 Generating Dynamic Routing Table by PNNI ...

Page 58: ...rom the originating terminal CAC or Call Admission Control determines whether to accept that request CAC checks the current usage of the network to determine whether the communication band and traffic quality requested by that SVC can be satisfied then decides whether to establish the connection Usage Parameter Control UPC UPC or Usage Parameter Control monitors whether the traffic of the user s c...

Page 59: ...he delay characteristics Priority is given to CBR and rt VBR traffic as they are transmitted ahead of other classes of traffic These delay priorities can be selected for each connection when establishing the connection In the switch a cell delay of no less than 40 µsec occurs depending on the degree of passing cell congestion and the degree of priority The ATM Switch performs two classes of contro...

Page 60: ...mand DISPLAY traffic from a MAT For details on the DISPLAY traffic command refer to the appropriate Command Manual Hardware Management The hardware management unit controls the following Static hardware configuration Dynamic hardware configuration operation status management Hardware revision Software revision Own IP address NMS address Connection related parameter control e g the number of VPIs o...

Page 61: ...k Interface UNI that connects an end system a router for example to an ATM switch The other is the Network Node Interface NNI that connects two ATM switches These interfaces are further classified into public network interface and private network interface depending on the type of the network they are connected to The ATM Switch provides various line cards to accommodate these interfaces Figure 6 ...

Page 62: ...TM 4 Frame Format 9R O W S M S O H AU PO IN TE R R S O H 12Bytes 12Bytes 12Bytes 4Bytes 1080Bytes 1044Bytes 8Bytes 4Bytes 1044Bytes STM 4 fram e VC 4 4C H 1 1001SS11 SS bit including H 1 is set 1 O O C12 00 STM 4 10 H 2 11111111 C 1 U nassigned byte 10101010 N TT specification STM 4 fixed U nassigned byte ALL 0 OC 12 specification fixed A fter 2 bytes of E1 E2 D 1 D12 and Z1 Z2 1 Z2 2 Z2 4 Z2 12 J...

Page 63: ...Frame Format 270 Bytes 9 Bytes A 1 A2 Fram e alignm ent B1 BIP 8 B2 BIP 24 C1 STM fram e identification D 1 D 12 D ata com m unication channel E1 E2 O rder w ire F1 U ser channel K 1 Change over control K 2 Change over control A IS RDI Z1 Reserved Z2 FEB E A 1 Bits active in U NI Path Trace BIP 8 Path Identifier Error Report U ser Channel H eader C ell Indicator Reserved Reserved Reserved J1 B3 C2...

Page 64: ...903 100M TAXI Frame Format For private network UNI NNI Physical layer FDDI PMD Optical fiber multi mode Line coding 4B 5B Data rate 100 Mbps Line rate 125 Mbaud In 100M TAXI there is no frame for existing STM A field is established for aligning the cells Figure 6 4 100M TAXI Frame Format NOTE ...

Page 65: ...nual 6 5 NTP 297 8103 903 6 3M J2 Frame Format For public network UNI Physical layer TTC standard JT G703 a Coaxial cable Line coding NRZ Data rate line rate 6 312 Mbps Cell rate 6 144 Mbps Cell alignment HEC is used Figure 6 5 Secondary Speed Interface 6 3M Frame Format ...

Page 66: ...vate network UNI NNI Physical layer ITU T G703 G804 I432 ANSI T1 102 1933 T1 107a 1990 T1 404 1994 T1 646 1995 Bellcore TR NWT 001112 TR NWT 000499 Coaxial cable Line coding B3ZS Data rate line rate 44 736 Mbps Cell rate 44 21 Mbps Direct Mapping 40 70 Mbps PLCP Figure 6 6 and Figure 6 7 illustrate DS3 frame format and DS3 PLACP frame format ...

Page 67: ... F0 C INFO PYLD INFO PYLD F1 INFO PYLD C C INFO PYLD F0 F0 C INFO PYLD INFO PYLD F1 INFO PYLD C C INFO PYLD F0 F0 C INFO PYLD INFO PYLD F1 INFO PYLD C C INFO PYLD F0 F0 C INFO PYLD INFO PYLD F1 INFO PYLD C C INFO PYLD F0 F0 C INFO PYLD M0 INFO PYLD F1 INFO PYLD C C INFO PYLD F0 F0 C INFO PYLD A 1 A 2 A 1 A 2 A 1 A 2 A 1 A 2 A 1 A 2 A 1 A 2 A 1 A 2 A 1 A 2 A 1 A 2 A 1 A 2 A 1 A 2 A 1 A 2 P11 P10 P9...

Page 68: ...c network UNI and private network UNI NNI Physical layer ITU T G703 G751 G804 G832 I432 ETSI T NA 91 18 Coaxial cable Line coding HDB3 Data rate line rate 34 368 Mbps 20ppm Cell rate 33 92 Mbps G832 34 01 Mbps G751 Direct Mapping Figure 6 8 G 832 E3 Frame Format 9 rows 530 octets payload FA1 EM TR MA NR GC FA2 59 octets ...

Page 69: ...ts from tributaire available for justification ATM Cell ATM Cell ATM Cell ATM Cell ATM Cell ATM Cell ATM Cell A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 Z3 Z2 Z1 F1 B1 G1 M2 1 M1 2 C1 P 0 P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4 P 5 P 6 P 7 P 8 ATM Cell Last ATM Cell First 53 octets 1 1 1 1 18 17 to 20 21 octets Trailer 125 s A1 A2 P0 P8 C1 M1 M2 G1 B1 F1 Z1 Z3 framing octets path overhead idenfier octet cycle ...

Page 70: ...tion 1 CLP p aylo ad 4 8 B yte he ad e r 5 B yte ce ll 5 3 B yte GFC VPI VCI 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 16 x x x x x x use unassigned cell m eta signalling default VPI 0 general broadcast signalling default VPI 0 segm ent OAM F4 end to end OAM F4 end to end OAM F5 reserved for traffic cont and resource m an point to point signalling default VPI 0 ILM I Interim Local M anagem ent Interface segm ent OAM F5 user ...

Page 71: ...eck operation Begin operation Check the contents of the package and move the ATM Switch to installation site or mount on optional chassis Connect the cables communications power cable and RS 2320 cable to the ATM Switch Connect MAT to the other end of the RS 232C cable Insert the PCMCIA card into the ATM Switch Turn on the power Set the system configuration data For details refer to Command Manual...

Page 72: ...ch Be sure to install the ATM Switch in an environment that meets the conditions described in this chapter For more information refer to Precautionary Messages on Page 1 1 Environmental Conditions Environmental conditions under which Nortel Networks guarantees the ATM Switch will function Temperature 41 104 F 5 40 C Humidity 10 80 must be free of condensation Storage temperature 23 113 F 5 45 C ...

Page 73: ... 7 2 Figure 7 2 Air Flow To allow the ATM Switch to radiate heat be sure to install it sufficiently away from walls and other equipment Allow adequate distance away from areas prone to heavy foot traffic and from doors Installation area necessary when installing the ATM Switch is as follows Floor Space Requirements Figure 7 3 Floor Space Requirements Centillion Centillion ...

Page 74: ...s Installation 7 4 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Chassis Space Requirements Figure 7 4 Chassis Space Requirements Cable Space Requirements Figure 7 5 Cable Space Requirements Centillion Centillion ...

Page 75: ...s Suitable for Installation Areas safe from exposure to water or chemicals Areas that are isolated from shocks and vibration Horizontal areas Areas where there is little dust Areas shielded from direct sunlight Areas isolated from equipment generating strong magnetism for example television set speakers ...

Page 76: ...elow The ATM Switch main unit package PCMCIA ATA flash disk card package PCMCIA LAN card package optional Packing List Make sure all the products are contained in the packages Product lists are provided below The ATM Switch main unit package The ATM Switch main unit Power cable The following parts are installed on the ATM Switch main unit Types and quanti ties differ depending on the system config...

Page 77: ...he electrostatic kit and clean gloves RS 232C cross cable This cable is used to interconnect the ATM Switch to a PC or workstation that supports serial communication software and can act as a VT100 terminal or a MAT The null modem cable has a D SUB 9 pin male connector connected to the 8550 and the other end varies from a D SUB 9 pin female connector for connection to a PC or a 25 pin male connect...

Page 78: ...Switch though make sure the installation area meets the conditions of the installation environment described above In addition when carrying the ATM Switch be sure to support the bottom of the ATM Switch with both hands Figure 7 6 Main Unit Transfer When carrying the main unit be sure to hold the specified positions Hold ing positions other than the specified positions may not only cause a failure...

Page 79: ...assis The ATM Switch chassis is optional Refer to the preceding section on Installation Environmental Conditions for the space necessary for chassis installation Recommended Chassis Figure 7 7 Recommended Chassis From the left E176 JEB SPL Chassis depth 23 7 in 600 mm E178 JEB SPL Chassis depth 31 5 in 800 mm E116 JEB SPL Chassis depth 23 7 in 600 mm E118 JEB SPL Chassis depth 31 5 in 800 mm ...

Page 80: ...rackets are designed to be installed on a 19 inch chassis whose depth is either 23 7 inches 600 mm or 31 5 inches 800 mm depending on which chassis is used 2 Securely fasten the chassis brackets to the main unit with two screws on the left and right Figure 7 8 Chassis Bracket Installation Installing the Shelf Mount the shelf then securely affix to the chassis at the two locations in the front Figu...

Page 81: ...8103 903 ATM Switch Installation 1 Install the assembly of the ATM Switch and chassis brackets above the shelf installed on the chassis 2 Securely fasten the ATM Switch to the chassis with the two screws to the left and right on the front of the chassis brackets Figure 7 10 ATM Switch Installation ...

Page 82: ...have core clad diameters of 9 5 125 µm and the multi mode optical fiber cables of 50 125 µm or 62 5 125 µm The optical cables are connected with SC connectors When connecting the cables be careful of the transmission reception direction Be sure to connect one end to the transmission side and the other to the reception side Optical fiber cable can transmit cells over a distance so as long as the op...

Page 83: ...d cables and connectors must be used Coaxial Cables Coaxial cables are connected with BNC connectors Coaxial cables are used for 6 3M J2 45M DS3 and 34M E3 6 3M uses a 3C 2V coaxial cable to transmit cells up to 200 m Connection The type and quantity of cables differ from one line card to another Prepare the necessary cables in necessary quantities and connect the line cards Be careful of the cabl...

Page 84: ...h User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 MAT Connection Connect the MAT to the ATM Switch Refer to Physical Connection of MAT on page 9 3 Inserting PCMCIA Cards Insert a PCMCIA ATA card into the PCMCIA card slot in the front of the switch CPU card Figure 7 11 Inserting ATA Card ...

Page 85: ... Cable Make sure the power unit fastening screw on the back of the ATM Switch is properly screwed Connect the power cable to the power connector and the other end of the cable to power supply for example the power outlet Figure 7 12 Connecting the Power Cable DC power cable White 0V Brack 48V Green FG Since maximum power consumption is large be sure to draw power directly from an outlet Never shar...

Page 86: ... Installed for slot numbers corresponding to slots in which a line card is installed Also confirm that the ALARM LED in the lower right area of the ATM Switch is not lighted Shown below is a sample output when the ATM Switch is started Figure 7 13 Sample MAT Display when ATM Switch is Started The system is coming up now If you want to enter boot program push ESC key immediately If the ESC key is d...

Page 87: ...er right area of the front of the ATM Switch are off All communications will be severed when the power is turned off All unsaved setting data will also be lost In principle do not allow anyone other than the system manager and service personnel to touch the power switch To replace one of the power units during operation only turn off the power of the power unit you wish to replace Power Source and...

Page 88: ...ng configuration data see above This section describes the procedures for performing an operation test after the ATM Switch is installed ATM Switch Alarms Check for the ATM Switch hardware errors by entering a command from the MAT The following hardware operation tests should be performed Switch CPU card Line cards Fan unit Power unit 1 Enter the command for performing the hardware operation test ...

Page 89: ... 3 Make sure that GOOD is the response for all lines for which line cards are installed No response is displayed for a line for which no line card is installed This completes the operation test The ATM Switch can now be used properly Follow the instructions below when using the equipment in a country or region where it must conform to EMI VCCI Type 1 FCC Class A or EN55022 Class A Coaxial cable As...

Page 90: ...Install near the connector a ferrite core so the cable makes a loop See Figure number 7 14 UTP cable Install near the connector a ferrite core so the cable makes a loop See Figure number 7 14 AC power cable Install near the connector a ferrite core so the cable makes a loop See Figure number 7 14 RS 232C cable Use a metal connector Use a shielded cable Securely fasten the metal connector to the ma...

Page 91: ...d optional 6 Connect the Ethernet cable optional 7 At this point you may want to connect a terminal to the MAT interface so that you can observe and monitor the entire boot cycle See MAT Connection on page 7 14 8 Connect the power cables to the rear of the ATM Switch 9 Turn on the ATM Switch power switch es If you have performed these steps properly the ATM Switch should be fully operational If th...

Page 92: ...f all components is performed by the ATM Switch including all of the interfaces Do one of the following If no errors were encountered during the self test verify that the prompt is and go to the next step If a switch name had been previously identified it would be located to the left of the prompt If errors were encountered during the self test turn the power off verify that everything is installe...

Page 93: ... address ATM IP network netmask ATM address The ATM network IP address must be on a different IP network from the Ethernet port Please take caution in configuring both IP addresses to ensure that they are on different networks If an Ethernet PCMCIA card is installed continue with step 10 to configure the Ethernet interface to allow Telnet sessions to the MAT interface Otherwise continue with step ...

Page 94: ...d this command allows up to 4 remote NMS systems to be installed Options for this command allow you to set community name access and read write privileges DIAGNOSIS all Performs a self test on all the components within the switch This command takes a few minutes to execute and displays the results after completion DISPLAY configuration all Displays the current configuration defined within the swit...

Page 95: ...t on card type ATM Forum Unassigned 6 8 02 pri_UNI dependent on card type ATM Forum Unassigned 6 8 03 pri_UNI dependent on card type ATM Forum Unassigned 6 8 To display only a particular interface use the following command DISPLAY interface slot number port number The default response should look something like this Line 00 Interface type pri_UNI Physical layer dependent on card type Forum ITU ATM...

Page 96: ...terface slot number port number Example SET int 23 This command opens a configuration sub routine The parameters already identified in Step 1 will be prompted on an individual basis Remember that the VPI and VCI bit field entries DO NOT identify the VPI VCI that you will be using for the port These two fields identify the number of bits that will be used for each field The defaults are 6 and 8 for...

Page 97: ... of the port logical network side or user side It is not recommended that the timer values be changed unless the user is fully aware of the consequences 10 Once configured the SVC signaling must be returned to normal operation SET svcline slot number port number vpi number resume Ifallisconfiguredproperly theportshouldbereadytorespondtoSVCrequests Continue with the next section which describes how...

Page 98: ...e following table to assist with configuring profiles 1 Configure a profile for the PVC SET profile traffic type profile name up to 10 characters You may also be prompted to set the PCR at 1412830 maximum and EPD to on 1 Example SET profile 4 PVC1 1412830 1 The example defines a profile PVC1 with maximum PCR and EPD is on 2 Define a shaper for the PVC optional SET shaper slot number port number sh...

Page 99: ...t orig UPC mode dest orig shaper number profile name Example PVC ESTABLISH 0 4 02 0 70 03 0 70 1 0 PVC1 1 0 PVC1 The example is a bi directional UBR PVC from port 02 to port 03 with UPC mode of 1 and no shaper assigned It is using the profile PVC1 Once defined the PVC becomes operational To examine the PVC perform the command DISPLAY pvc slot number port number Refer to the DISPLAY pvc command in ...

Page 100: ...o be specially emulated in a switched network such as address resolution or broadcast message An example is a broadcast message An example is a broadcast message A LAN emulation service consists of three servers LAN Emulation Configuration Server LECS LAN Emulation Server LES and Broadcast Unknown Server BUS All of these three servers are implemented in software within an 8550 switch interface car...

Page 101: ...PNNI interface port 00 SET interface 00 Interface pri_uni 0 pri_nni 1 pub_uni 2 1 Forum ITU forum 0 itu 1 0 IDLE Cell unassigned 0 idle 1 0 Valid VPI 0 8 bit 6 based on interface type Valid VCI 0 8 bit 8 based on interface type Line Interface 00 has been registered 6 Set the line interface parameters for UNI interface port 03 SET interface 03 Interface pri_uni 0 pri_nni 1 pub_uni 2 0 Forum ITU for...

Page 102: ... user 1 1 T303 1 255 default 4 4 T308 1 511 default 30 30 T309 1 511 default 90 90 T310 1 255 default 10 10 T313 1 255 default 4 4 T316 1 511 default 120 120 T317 1 255 default 60 60 T322 1 255 default 4 4 T398 1 255 default 4 4 T399 1 511 default 14 4 UNI Version UNI3 0 0 UNI3 1 1 default 3 0 3 0 10 For UNI interface port 03 SET atmsig 03 0 Interface network 0 user 1 0 T303 1 255 default 4 4 T308...

Page 103: ...address registered with this command 13 Save the configuration data you have just entered SAVE 14 Confirm that SVCLINE mode for connected line interface ports are enabled DISPLAY svcline slot number port number 15 Confirm that dynamic SVC connections are established for connected line interface ports DISPLAY dynamicroute slot number port number 16 Confirm that SVC connections for each connected li...

Page 104: ...xcept for switch interconnections 3 On Switch 1 and 2 set interface 00 to a NNI port 4 On Switch 2 set to User Side 5 On Switch 1 and 2 execute the following commands SET tunnel 00 1 SET signal 00 1 SET ILMI 00 1 6 On Switch 1 execute the following command route add NSAP 47007922 00 1 7 On Switch 2 execute the following command route add NSAP 47007911 00 1 8 SAVE All signaling ILMI and SVCs will u...

Page 105: ...ted terminal called MAT that is connected to the ATM Switch via RS 232C Some of the functions may also be performed from an NMS connected via the ATM or Ether network SNMP the standard protocol for Internet hardware is used over UDP IP SNAP LLC AAL5 for communications between the NMS and the ATM Switch Figure 9 1 illustrates how the MAT and the NMS are used to control maintenance operations Figure...

Page 106: ...and line alarm Display the operation status of a line card Display the types of line cards mounted Display SVC number of connections only Monitor traffic Display trap MAT The ATM Switch is mainly controlled by commands sent from an external MAT connected via RS 232C interface Any terminal equipped with an RS 232C port and communications capability may be used as the MAT MAT may be connected when n...

Page 107: ...s Use the RS 232C cross cable for connecting the ATM Switch and MAT The RS 232C connector of the MAT differs in shape depending on the model of the MAT Use an RS 232C cross cable that has on one end a connector that can be connected to the MAT and on the other end a D SUB 9 pin male connector for the ATM Switch This section describes how to set PC9801 or IBM PC as the MAT Figure 9 2 and Figure 9 3...

Page 108: ...tions of the ATM Switch RS 232C connector are shown below Figure 9 2 PC98 ATM Switch RS 232C Connector Figure 9 3 IBM PC ATM Switch Interface RS 232C Connector Figure 9 4 Connection with PC98 2 TxD 3 RxD 4 RST 5 CTS 6 DSR 7 SG 8 DCD 20 DTR 1 DCD 2 RxD 3 TxD 4 DTR 5 SG 6 DSR 7 RTS 8 CTS 9 RI NET 8550 NEX PC 98 ...

Page 109: ...M Switch is equipped with a RS 232C connector on the front of the switch CPU card The RS 232C cable may be inserted or removed whether or not power is supplied to the ATM Switch Figure 9 6 Example of the ATM Switch MAT Connection 1 DCD 2 RxD 3 TxD 4 DTR 5 SG 6 DSR 7 RTS 8 CTS 9 RI 1 DCD 2 RxD 3 TxD 4 DTR 5 SG 6 DSR 7 RTS 8 CTS 9 RI NET 8550 NEX IBM PC ...

Page 110: ...tions on setting the parameters refer to the manual on the installed communications software Line rate 9600 Bps Character bit length 8 bits Stop bit length 1 bit Parity None Flow control Yes MAT Screen Display MAT s standard screen size is a text screen of 80 24 lines All the commands entered by the user and the responses to the commands are scroll displayed on the same screen In the event the scr...

Page 111: ... to the ATM Switch via ATM or ether network SNMP the standard protocol for Internet hardware is used over UDP IP SNAP LLC AAL5 for communications between the NMS and the ATM Switch To realize this function the ATM Switch maintains Management information base MIB II stipulated by RFC1213 Figure 9 7 Protocol Stack Q 2931 SAAL CS SSCS SSCF SSCOP CPCS SAR ATM PHY SNMP UDP IP AAL5 ATM PHY Call processi...

Page 112: ...onitors errors in the hardware and sends to the NMS error information Figure 9 8 shows how data is transferred from the NMS to CPU Figure 9 8 NMS Interface via ATM NMS Interface via Ethernet By using a PCMCIA LAN card the CPU can directly exchange data with NMS via Ethernet Refer to Inserting PCMCIA Cards on Page 7 14 for details on the PCMCIA LAN card Data in ATM header is converted into address ...

Page 113: ...uld perform the following periodic inspection to make sure that the ATM Switch is operating properly Check visually Check with commands Diagnose the equipment In addition when a fault is detected in the ATM Switch take appropriate action The user does not need to control the equipment once operation begins The user merely needs to carefully read the Precautions on Handling the Product and the Hand...

Page 114: ...f the two are not on the same Ether subnet and are separated by a router use the SET iproute command to direct the switch to the router 4 Backup the configuration data using the BACKUP config command 5 To download a backed up configuration into the switch using the INSTALL config command ATM Interface 1 Connect the switch and the workstation TFTP server with an ATM PVC interface 2 Setup the ATM PV...

Page 115: ...t type the following exit Data from slot 1 will be copied to the card in slot 0 Cosmetic Check Recommended monthly Since alarm status is checked directly from the MAT or NMS on as as needed basis a cosmetic check of the ATM Switch is simply performed as routine periodic maintenance Is the ALARM LED lighted Is there irregular noise Is there warp etc in the shell Is there a missing screw Checking Ca...

Page 116: ...Manual NTP 297 8103 903 Cleaning Wipe the main unit with dry cloth Do not allow water drops in the main unit Do not let the cleaning cloth catch on a connector while cleaning Do not use chemically treated cloths as they may harm the paint Do not place any foreign objects in the main unit ...

Page 117: ...scribes the procedures for moving the ATM Switch to another location 1 Turn off the power switch of the ATM Switch and remove the power cable If the power unit is redundant be sure to remove both cables 2 Remove the communication cable connector from the ATM Switch 3 Move the ATM Switch to the new installation site Make sure in advance that the installation site meets the installation environmenta...

Page 118: ...ion cable Refer to Connecting the Power Cable on page 7 15 5 Connect the MAT to ATM Switch with RS 232C cable Refer to MAT Connection on page 7 14 6 Turn on the MAT s power switch and set the communication parameters Refer to Setting the MAT on page 9 6 7 Turn on the ATM Switch s power switch Check the messages displayed on the MAT screen to make sure that the move did not cause a problem with the...

Page 119: ...al Precautions on Handling Packages This section provides the procedures for installing units and packages on the ATM Switch Pay attention to the following precautions when handling packages Figure 10 2 Precaution Wear Clean Gloves Figure 10 3 Precaution Take Electrostatic Measures Figure 10 4 Precaution Do Not Bend Cards ...

Page 120: ...from the front of the main unit Refer to Removing the Front Cover on page 10 15 Figure 10 5 Removing the Front Cover 3 Insert the power unit into the power unit slot As the power unit can be made redundant there are two slots left and right When using only one power unit insert the power unit into the slot 0 that is on the left hand side facing the main unit When inserting the power unit make sure...

Page 121: ...er unit quickly may cause damage to the connector or a failure An injury may result if you hold the power unit with only one hand 4 Tighten the screw on the back of the main unit to fix the power unit 5 Install power unit cover and securely fastenwith the screwsonboth ends Make sure the right side is up when installing the power unit cover 6 Install the front cover Refer to Installing the Front Co...

Page 122: ... the power unit securely with both hands as shown in Figure 10 7 and remove it slowly Figure 10 7 Removing the Power Unit Be sure to turn the power off before inserting or removing the power unit Leaving the power on while inserting or removing the power unit may cause the unit to fail 6 Install the power unit cover and securely fasten with the screws on both ends Make sure the right side is up wh...

Page 123: ...CPU card and one guide rail on the right hand side for the CPU card When inserting the switch CPU card securely hold the card with both hands as shown in Figure 10 8 and insert the card evenly on the left and right sides Finally press the center of the front plate of the switch CPU card with the thumbs of both hands until it clicks in place Figure 10 8 Inserting the Switch CPU Card Be sure to slow...

Page 124: ... is redundant 2 Remove the front coverf from the front of the main unit 3 Remove the two screws on the left and right ends of the front plate of the switch CPU card 4 Slowly remove the switch CPU card with both hands Figure 10 9 Removing the Switch CPU Card Be sure to turn the power off before inserting or removing the switch CPU card Leaving the power on while inserting or removing the switch CPU...

Page 125: ...talled the same way OC 12c SMF 622 Mbps from November 1996 OC 3c STM 1 MMF SMF UTP 5 155 Mbps TAXI MMF 100 Mbps J2 6 3 Mbps DS3 45 Mbps E3 34 Mbps FR DS1 CE DS1 CE E1 Inserting a Line Card 1 Clean the connector with cleaner before inserting the line card 2 Each line card is equipped with ejectors Close the ejectors before inserting the card Figure 10 10 Line Card Ejectors Closed Position 3 Insert ...

Page 126: ... and left guide rails before inserting it If the line card is slid outside of the guide rails it may cause a short circuit Push the line card slowly all the way into the slot Otherwise improper con tact may result In addition a failure may result if you insert the line card too quickly 4 Tighten the screws on the left and right of the ejectors to fix the line card in place 5 Install the communicat...

Page 127: ...o the left and right sides of the ejectors 3 Draw the ejectors outward to open position Figure 10 13 Line Card Ejectors Open Position 4 Hold the line card with both hands and remove it slowly Figure 10 14 Removing the Line Card Be sure to allow at least 3 seconds of interval when repeating line card removal or insertion Failure may result if an adequate interval is not given ...

Page 128: ... 2 Tighten the screws on the left and right of the front plate to fix the front plate in place Figure 10 15 Inserting the Front Plate Do not insert a hand into an idle slot to prevent injury from sharp guide rail corners etc Be sure to install a front plate over a slot not containing a line card With out the front plate the slot will hinder proper cooling and may cause a fail ure Removing the Fron...

Page 129: ...ng the fan units 2 Remove the front cover from the front of the main unit 3 Insert the fan unit into the fan unit slot When inserting the fan unit securely hold it with both hands as shown in Figure 10 16 and insert it evenly on the left and right sides and on top and bottom Make sure the fan unit is right side up Figure 10 16 Inserting the Fan Unit 4 Tighten the screw on the top of the fan unit f...

Page 130: ... both hands as shown in Figure 10 17 and remove it straight out of the slot Figure 10 17 Removing the Fan Unit The fan unit can be inserted or removed while the main unit is in operation However avoid running the main unit for an extended period of time with out the fan unit This may cause malfunction or failure A fan unit that is removed when the main unit is in operation will continue to rotate ...

Page 131: ...talling the front cover Installing the Front Cover 1 The front cover fit on the front of the main unit Figure 10 18 Installing the Front Cover 2 Tighten the six screws of the front cover to securely fasten the front cover to the main unit Removing the Front Cover 1 Remove the six screws of the front cover 2 Remove the front cover slowly Figure 10 19 Removing the Front Cover ...

Page 132: ...d Removing an ATA Card ATA cards are handled in the same manner as normal PCMCIA cards Insert an ATA card into the PCMCIA card slot in the front of the switch CPU card Insert the card securely and all the way in until the ejector button on the side of the slot pops out Facing the main unit the ejector button on the right is for slot 0 the one on the left is for slot 1 To remove the ATA card press ...

Page 133: ...CIA card slot in the front of the switch CPU card Insert the card securely and all the way in until the ejector button on the side of the slot pops out Facing the main unit the ejector button on the right is for slot 0 the one on the left is for slot 1 Be sure to turn off the equipment s power before inserting or removing the card Inserting or removing the card without turning off the power may ca...

Page 134: ..._SAVE Use the boot monitor to set the upgrade mode The boot monitor is started by pressing ESC from the MAT while the booting message is displayed when the power is turned on or the unit is reset Once in the boot monitor the display will show the BOOT prompt Figure 10 22 Starting the Boot Monitor The system is coming up now If you want to enter boot program push ESC key immediately If the ESC key ...

Page 135: ... the ATA card mounted in the PCMCIA slot to start the software The office data will return to the initial setting status This is the default value of the boot mode Figure 10 23 FLASH Mode Procedure 1 Turn off the power of the ATM Switch 2 Replace the old ATA card with the new version ATA card 3 Turn on the power of the ATM Switch ...

Page 136: ...mounted in the PCMCIA slot 1 Office data is not saved Figure 10 24 FLASH_UP Mode Procedure 1 Turn off the power of the ATM Switch 2 Insert the new version ATA card in PCMCIA slot 0 and the ATA card containing the office data you wish to continue to use in PCMCIA slot 1 3 Turn on the power of the ATM Switch and start the boot monitor 4 Set the boot mode as follows BOOT SET boot flash_up 5 End the b...

Page 137: ...er loading the office data is saved to the ATA card mounted in the PCMCIA slot 0 Figure 10 25 FLASH_UP_SAVE Mode Procedure 1 Turn off the power of the ATM Switch 2 Insert the new version ATA card in PCMCIA slot 0 and the ATA card containing the office data you wish to continue to use in PCMCIA slot 1 3 Turn on the power of the ATM Switch and start the boot monitor 4 Set the boot mode as follows BO...

Page 138: ...ce data are not saved Figure 10 26 INITIALIZE Mode Procedure 1 Turn off the power of the ATM Switch 2 Insert into PCMCIA slot 1 the LAN card connected to the Ether network 3 Turn on the power of the ATM Switch and start the boot monitor 4 Set the IP address of the ATM Switch BOOT SET local 5 Set the server s IP address and boot file name BOOT SET server bootfiles 6 Set the IP address of the defaul...

Page 139: ...reloaded in the main memory Figure 10 27 INITIALIZE_SAVE Mode Procedure 1 Turn off the power of the ATM Switch 2 Insert into PCMCIA slot 0 the ATA card to which to save the software and into PCMCIA slot 1 the LAN card connected to the Ether network 3 Turn on the power of the ATM Switch and start the boot monitor 4 Set the IP address of the ATM Switch BOOT SET local 5 Set the server s IP address an...

Page 140: ... 1 Turn off the power of the ATM Switch 2 Insert into PCMCIA slot 0 the ATA card containing the office data you wish to continue to use and into PCMCIA slot 1 the LAN card connected to the Ether network 3 Turn on the power of the ATM Switch and start the boot monitor 4 Set the IP address of the ATM Switch BOOT SET local 5 Set the server s IP address and boot file name BOOT SET server bootfiles 6 S...

Page 141: ...M Switch 3 Connect the communication cable for the additional line card to the line card 4 Connect the new communication cable to other hardware such as router or terminal 5 Connect the RS 232C cross cable to the RS 232C connector on the front of the switch CPU card in the lower right area of the front of the ATM Switch 6 Connect the other end of the RS 232C cross cable connected to the ATM Switch...

Page 142: ...n the units Preparation Before expanding the ATM Switch connections have the following equipment ready The additional hardware the ATM Switch or other hardware Line cards for connecting the hardware not necessary if you plan to use line cards already installed Cables for connecting the hardware cables meeting the line cards not necessary if you plan to use cables already connected MAT not necessar...

Page 143: ...ock generated within the hardware Figure 10 29 Example of Adding Hardware ATM Switch Master Designating the ATM Switch as Slave The ATM Switch may be designated as a slave switch The command SET clock slave designates a port as the slave port a clock is derived from the signal on this receive port and the onboard clock is synchronized or phase lock looped to it From this all transmit ports are sub...

Page 144: ...le of Adding Hardware When Looptime is Specified Setting Configuration Data To set the clock mode of the ATM Switch refer to the SET clock command in the Command Manual To set the loop time refer the SET looptime command in the Command Manual For other hardware refer to the appropriate manual s for the other hardware Centillion 1200N Centillion 1200N Centillion 1200N ...

Page 145: ... software The alarm management unit in the software compiles this information and registers it in an alarm management table If an alarm for the hardware or line interface alarm is detected the ALARM LED on the ATM Switch will light up If an external device is connected to the ALARM OUT connector the device is also activated The error information can be verified by entering a command DISPLAY alarm ...

Page 146: ... main unit The status of the hardware and the status of the lines are also indicated Each LED is described in Figure 11 1 Figure 11 1 ATM Switch LED Locations POWER LED The POWER LED lights green when power is on and turns off when power is off READY LED The READY LED turns on when the equipment is operating properly and turns off when an error occurs It also flashes during diagnosis ...

Page 147: ...ult may be determined by the number of times the lamp flashes RCV INS LEDs on line cards Available for each line these lamps indicate the status of that particular line Flash Count Error 1 ROM check sum 2 SKM G A register check 3 Super I O register check 4 DRAM memory check 5 Serial register check 6 Serial loopback RCV red INS green Status Off Lighted Line status normal Lighted Off Line error rece...

Page 148: ... 297 8103 903 Detection by Diagnosis The diagnosis program can be started by the following processes Power on reset Switch CPU card reset Diagnosis command When the diagnosis is no good the error information can be verified by executing the DISPLAY status or DISPLAY alarm commands ...

Page 149: ...he MAT on page 9 6 2 Enter the DISPLAY alarm command from the MAT The command should be entered as follows DISPLAY alarm RETURN 3 Response will be output Determine the error and take the necessary action See Error Messages on page 11 11 4 Disconnect the MAT from the ATM Switch Example of Responses Hardware Alarm 96 03 10 20 11 48 Environment000001 96 03 12 12 33 21 FAN 0 96 02 22 08 47 38 FAN 1 96...

Page 150: ... error Path Alarm 030002 BF Regression clear match error Path Alarm 030003 BF BF0 parity error Path Alarm 030103 BF BF1 parity error Path Alarm 040001 ES ES0 Up side sync error Path Alarm 040002 ES ES0 Down side sync error Path Alarm 040004 ES ES0 port A FIFO overflow Path Alarm 040006 ES ES0 port B FIFO overflow Path Alarm 040101 ES ES1 Up side sync error Path Alarm 040102 ES ES1 Down side sync e...

Page 151: ...ion error Path Alarm 050001 BUFF HT SGRAM test error Path Alarm 050002 BUFF RIRO SGRAM test error Path Alarm 050003 BUFF RIRO SRAM test error Diagnosis NG 040008 IBC IBC diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 040009 IBC IBC RIRO SGRAM diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 040010 IBC IBC HT SGRAM diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 040011 IBC IBC RIRO SRAM diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 040012 OBC OBC diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 040013 OBC...

Page 152: ...ruption Path Alarm 030001 MUX UTOPIA parity error Diagnosis NG 640000 MUX MUX diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 010002 PHY PHY0 diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 010102 PHY PHY1 diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 010202 PHY PHY2 diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 010302 PHY PHY3 diagnosis NG Alarm type No Part Nature of error Path Alarm 020001 MUX UTOPIA level 2 parity error Clock Alarm 020002 MUX 50 MHz clock interruption Clock A...

Page 153: ...parate diagnosis NG Diagnosis NG 160001 CFAD UCFAD2 diagnosis NG Alarm Type Number Part Nature of Error Path Alarm 020001 MUX UTOPIA level 2 parity error Clock Alarm 020002 MUX 50 MHz clock interruption Path Alarm 060007 MUX UTOPIA level 1 parity error 0 Path Alarm 060008 MUX UTOPIA level 1 parity error 1 Clock Alarm 060001 MUX Input 8KHz clock interruption Path Alarm 080001 FRAMER FRAMER 0 recept...

Page 154: ... the ATM Switch See Physical Connection of MAT on page 9 3 2 Turn on the MAT s power and set its communication parameters See Setting the MAT on page 9 6 3 Enter the line interface display command DISPLAY line from the MAT The command should be entered as follows DISPLAY line RETURN 4 Response will be output Determine the error and take the necessary action See Error Messages on page 11 11 5 Disco...

Page 155: ...eceived Yellow_Path Path layer remote alarm received Loss of Cell Delineation Cell is out of sync Loss of Pointer STS frame pointer error Alarm Indication Signal AIS received Remote Alarm Indication Remote alarm received Payload All One Payload in transmission frame is all 1 main signal all 1 IDLE IDLE signal is being received Yellow Alarm Yellow alarm signal is being received PLCP_Yellow PLCP lay...

Page 156: ...S off RCV on TAXI Loss of Cell Delineation INS off RCV on 6 3M Loss of Signal INS off RCV on 6 3M Alarm Indication Signal INS off RCV on 6 3M Loss of Frame INS off RCV on 6 3M Payload All One INS off RCV on 6 3M Loss of Cell Delineation INS off RCV on 6 3M Remote Alarm Indication INS flashing RCV off DS3 E3 Loss of Signal INS off RCV on DS3 E3 Loss of Frame INS off RCV on DS3 E3 Out of Frame INS o...

Page 157: ...ch Switch Configuration Input output buffer type Switch Capacity 2 5 Gbps 622 Mbps 4 155 Mbps 16 Buffer Input buffer 32K cells line card Output buffer 32K cells line card Cell Delay 40µsec excluding cell delay upon cell competition in the buffer Control System Control Processor Built in 64 bit RISC processor VR4300 100 MHz VPI VCI Bits VPI VCI total of 14 bits line A ...

Page 158: ...etting Method Established according to the fixed path information in the PCMCIA ATA card or downloaded from external source SVC Signaling Method ATM Forum UNI 3 0 3 1 4 0 Ver 1 0 NMS Interface SNMP OAM Cell Loopback cell control RDI AIS cell control Traffic Control Policing Control Dual Leaky Bucket method UPC 1K connection line Congestion Control ABR EPD Priority Control Cell loss priority contro...

Page 159: ...1 MMF SC connector 1 line card 155M OC 3c STM 1 SMF SR SC connector 4 lines card 155M OC 3c STM 1 SMF LR SC connector 1 line card 155M STS 3 STM 1 UTP 5 RJ connector 4 lines card 155M STS 3 STM 1 COAX BNC connector 2 lines card 100M TAXI MMF SC connector 4 lines card 6 3M J2 BNC connector 1 line card 45M DS3 BNC connector 2 lines card 34M E3 BNC connector 2 lines card 1 5M Primary RJ connector 1 l...

Page 160: ... height 17 3 in 440 mm 16 1 in 410 mm 6 1 in 154 mm including rubber footing Can be mounted on a standard 19 inch rack Weight 44 2 lb 20 Kg Power Supply Input DC 40 to 58V Power Consumption Maximum 6 0A DC 48V Operating Noise Less than 50dB Cooling Method Forced air cooling Environmental Conditions Operating temperature 41 104 F 5 40 C Operating humidity 10 80 ...

Page 161: ...C22 2 No 950 Canada EN60950 Europe AS3260 AUSTEL TS001 Australia EMI FCC Part15 Class A United States EN55022 Class A and B Europe VCCI Type 1 Japan EMS EN61000 2 ESD up to 8kV EN61000 3 RFI 3V m EN61000 4 Electrical Fast Transients level 2 Power Environmental Conditions IEC555 2 Power Factor Correction IEC555 3 AC Input Transients Audible noise IS07779 paragraph 7 max 50dBA ...

Page 162: ...inciples of B ISDN I 150 Characteristics of B ISDN ATM Functions I 211 B ISDN Services I 311 Signaling Principles of the Network Side of B ISDN I 321 B ISDN Protocol Referral Model and its Application I 327 Functional Structure of B ISDN I 35B ATM Layer Cell Transfer Function of B ISDN I 361 ATM Layer Specifications of B ISDN I 362 AAL Layer Functions of B ISDN I 363 AAL Layer Specifications of B ...

Page 163: ...or more next higher layer entities AAL 1 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 1 AAL functions in support of constant bit rate time dependent traffic such as voice and video AAL 2 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 2 This AAL is still undefined by the International Standards bodies It is a placeholder for variable bit rate video transmission AAL 3 4 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 3 4 AAL functions in support of variable bi...

Page 164: ...ied which supports several types of feedback to control the source rate in response to changing ATM layer transfer characteristics It is expected that an end system that adapts its traffic in accordance with the feedback will experience a low cell loss ratio and obtain a fair share of the available bandwidth according to a network specific allocation policy Cell delay variation is not controlled i...

Page 165: ...lls sec at which a source is allowed to send ACSE Association Control Service Element ACT Applied Computer Technologies A Hewlett Packard s program that is a strategy and set of open architecture commands and interfaces for integrating voice and database technologies The idea is that with ACT a call will arrive at the telephone simultaneously with the database record of the caller Address Filter A...

Page 166: ...f of another person or thing with delegated authority The agents goals are those of the entity that created it Aggregation Token A number assigned to an outside link by the border nodes at the ends of the outside link The same number is associated with all uplinks and induced uplinks associated with the outside link In the parent and all higher level peer group all uplinks with the same aggregatio...

Page 167: ...ion or receives an error notification from another unit in the transmission path Alternate Routing A mechanism that supports the use of a new path after an attempt to set up a connection along a previously selected path fails ALT Alternative Access Providers to the local telephone network i e Teleport AMI Alternative Mark Inversion The line coding format in T 1 transmission systems whereby success...

Page 168: ...en the API_endpoint and the other ATM devices comprising the API_connection Each API_connection may occur over a duration of time only once the same set of communicating ATM devices may form a new connection after a prior connection is released The API_connection may be presently active able to transfer data or merely anticipated for the future APPN Advanced Peer to Peer Network IBM network archit...

Page 169: ...tity or ATM Layer Management entity ATMM entity ASW Cell switching control point to point connection point to multipoint connection Asynchronous Not occurring at the same time beginning each operation only after finishing the preceding one Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing A multiplexing technique in which a transmission capability is organized in a prior unassigned time slots The time slots...

Page 170: ...irtual path connection VPC ATM Switch A generic term usually referring to an ATM switching system rather than a switching element ATM switches are generally hardware based self routing and high speed up to Gbit s ATM TA ATM Terminal Adapter The terminal adapter is a protocol converter little black box that adapts PCs workstations and other equipment to the peculiar world of ISDN ATM Traffic Descri...

Page 171: ...anization is responsible for regulating telecommunications and radio communications including promoting industry self regulation and managing the rediofrequency spectrum It also has significant consumer protection responsibilities 1 Autonomous Not subject to the rule or authority of another B BBC Broadband Bearer Capability A bearer class field that is part of the initial address message BCD Binar...

Page 172: ...to the network BECN Backward Explicit Congestion Notification A Resource Management RM cell type generated by the network or the destination indicating congestion or approaching congestion for traffic flowing in the direction opposite that of the BECN cell BER Bit Error Rate A measure of transmission quality It is generally shown as a negative exponent e g 10 7 which means 1 out of 107 bits are in...

Page 173: ...tandard above 1 544 Mbps that evolved Narrowband ISDN with existing and new services with voice data and video in the same network BISUP Broadband ISDN User s Part A SS7 protocol which defines the signaling messages to control connections and services B LLI Broadband Low Layer Information This is a Q 2931 information element that identifies a layer 2 and a layer 3 protocol used by the application ...

Page 174: ...nit A message type used by bridges to exchange management and control information BPP Bridge Port Pair Source Routing Descriptor Frame header information identifying a bridge LAN pair of a Source route segment Broadband A generic term referring to any network traffic type or device providing or requiring a large amount of bandwidth A service or system requiring transmission channels capable of sup...

Page 175: ...ontrol Connection Admission Control is defined as the set of actions taken by the network during the call set up phase or during call re negotiation phase in order to determine whether a connection request can be accepted or should be rejected or whether a request for re allocation can be accommodated Call A call is an association between two or more users or between a user and a network entity th...

Page 176: ...ell field set by the source to its current ACR when it generates a forward RM cell This field may be used to facilitate the calculation of ER and may not be changed by network elements CCR is formatted as a rate CCS Common Channel Signaling A form signaling in which a group of circuits share a signaling channel Refer to SS7 CDF Cutoff Decrease Factor CDF controls the decrease in ACR Allowed Cell R...

Page 177: ...t one end of a layer connection within a SAP CEI Connection endpoint Identifier Identifier of a CE that can be used to identify the connection at a SAP Cell A unit of transmission in ATM A fixed size frame consisting of a 5 octet header and a 48 octet payload Cell Header ATM Layer protocol control information CER Cell Error Ratio The ratio of errored cells in a transmission in relation to the tota...

Page 178: ...ons indicate that EFCI has been received on a previous data cell CIF Cells In Flight An ABR service parameter CIF is the negotiated number of cells that the network would like to limit the source to sending during idle startup period before the first RM cell returns Range 0 16 777 215 CIP Carrier Identification Parameter A 3 or 4 digit code in the initial address message identifying the carrier to...

Page 179: ...n Management Interface Protocol An ITU TSS standard for the message formats and procedures used to exchange management information in order to operate administer maintain and provision a network CMR Cell Misinsertion Rate The ratio of cells received at an endpoint that were not originally transmitted by the source end in relation to the total number of cells properly transmitted CNR Complex Node R...

Page 180: ...d virtual connection SVC environments the LAN Emulation Management entities set up connections between each other using UNI signaling Connectionless Refers to ability of existing LANs to send data without previously establishing connections Control Connections A Control VCC links the LEC to the LECS Control VCCs also link the LEC to the LES and carry LE_ARP traffic and control frames The control V...

Page 181: ...tered a failure This mechanism allows PNNI to perform alternate routing CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check A mathematical algorithm that computes a numerical value based on the bits in a block of data This number is transmitted with the data and the receiver uses this information and the same algorithm to insure the accurate delivery of data by comparing the results of algorithm and the number received I...

Page 182: ...r SMDS and ATM protocols above the AAL layer CSA Canadian Standard Association A non profit independent organization which operates a listing service for electrical and electronic materials and equipment CSU Channel Service Unit An interface for digital leased lines which performs loopback testing and line conditioning CT Conformance Test Testing to determine whether an implementation complies wit...

Page 183: ...en in ISO 3166 The length of this field is two octets The digits of the data country code are encoded in Binary Coded Decimal BCD syntax The codes will be left justified and padded on the right with the hexadecimal value F to fill the two octets DCE Data Communication Equipment A generic definition of computing equipment that attaches to a network via a DTE Default Node Representation A single val...

Page 184: ...peeds processing Domain Refer to Administrative Domain DS Distributed Single Layer Test Method An abstract test method in which the upper tester is located within the system under test and the point of control and observation PCO is located at the upper service boundary of the Implementation Under Test IUT for testing one protocol layer Test events are specified in terms of the abstract service pr...

Page 185: ...st Method An abstract test method in which the upper tester is located within the system under test and there is a point of control and observation at the upper service boundary of the Implementation Under Test IUT for testing a protocol layer or sublayer which is part of a multi protocol IUT DSS2 Setup Digital Subscriber Signaling 2 ATM Broadband signaling DSU Data Service Unit Equipment used to ...

Page 186: ...nsmit 16 CEPT1s plus overhead Edge Device A physical device which is capable of forwarding packets between legacy interworking interfaces e g Ethernet Token Ring etc and ATM interfaces based on data link and network layer information but which does not participate in the running of any network layer routing protocol An Edge Device obtains forwarding descriptions using the route distribution protoc...

Page 187: ...quipment or radio services may result if sufficient power from these signals escape the equipment enclosures or transmission media National and international regulatory agencies FCC CISPR etc set limits for these emissions Class A is for industrial use and Class B is for residential use EMI RFI ElectroMagnetic Interface Radio Frequency Interface A circuit or device containing series inductive load...

Page 188: ...e source Most vendors expect EPD to be used in conjunction with unspecified bit rate UBR service Switches simply junk UBR cells when congestion occurs without regard for application traffic By discarding ceiling selectively so that whole IP packets are resent EPD makes UBR a safer option ER Explicit Rate The Explicit Rate is an RM cell field used to limit the source ACR to a specific value It is i...

Page 189: ...s a call over an outside link This is the last node within a peer group to see this call Exterior Denotes that an item e g link node or reachable address is outside of a PNNI routing domain Exterior Link A link which crosses the boundary of the PNNI routing domain The PNNI protocol does not run over an exterior link Exterior Reachable Address An address that can be reached through a PNNI routing d...

Page 190: ...e Check Sequence Any mathematical formula which derives a numeric value based on the bit pattern of a transmitted block of information and uses that value at the receiving end to determine the existence of any transmission errors FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface A 100 Mbps Local Area Network standard that was developed by ANSI that is designed to work on fiber optic cables using techniques si...

Page 191: ...ly to expensive to build a phone network which will be ready to give everyone dial tone and a circuit if everyone picked up the phone simultaneously and tried to make a call There are basically two ways of handling calls which cannot be sent on their way i e for which there s no present available capacity First you can block the call This means giving the caller a busy or a nothing also called hig...

Page 192: ...cal Characteristics of Hierarchical Digital Interfaces G 704 ITU T Recommendation G 704 Synchronous Frame Structures Used at Primary and Secondary Hierarchy Levels G 804 ITU T Recommendation G 804 ATM Cell Mapping into Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy PDH GCAC Generic Connection Admission Control This is a process to determine if a link has potentially enough resources to support a connection GCRA...

Page 193: ...d stopping locations on a PRI and are contiguously transported from one PRI site through networks to another PRI site H0 Channel A 384 kbps channel that consists of six contiguous DS0s 64 kbps of a T1 line H10 Channel The North American 1472 kbps channel from a T1 or primary rate carrier This is equivalent to twenty three 23 64 kbps channels H11 Channel The North American primary rate used as a si...

Page 194: ...e detected Hello Packet A type of PNNI Routing packet that is exchanged between neighboring logical nodes Hierarchically Complete Source Route A stack of DTLs representing a route across a PNNI routing domain such that a DTL is included for each hierarchical level between and including the current level and the lowest visible level in which the source and destination are reachable Hop by Hop Route...

Page 195: ...l elictrical electronic and related technologies The IEC was founded as a result of a resolution passed at the International Electrical Congress held in St Louis USA in 1904 The membership consists of more than 50 participating companies including all the world s major trading nations and a growing number of industrializing countries 1 Inter exchange Carrier A long distance telephone company IEEE ...

Page 196: ...l routing scheme used in STM networks Formerly known as PNNI Phase 0 IISP is an interim technology meant to be used pending completion of ONNI Phase 1 IISP uses static routing tables established by the network administrator to route connections around link failures 1 ILMI Interim Link Management Interface An ATM Forum defined interim specification for network management functions between an end us...

Page 197: ...col for Novell Netware It was derived from the Xerox Network System protocol and operates at the network layer of the OSI protocol model IS Intermediate System A system that provides forwarding functions or relaying functions or both for a specific ATM connection OAM cells may be generated and received ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network A switched network providing end to end digital connect...

Page 198: ...k Interface ITU T International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications ITU T is an international body of member countries whose task is to define recommendations and standards relating to the international telecommunications industry The fundamental standards for ATM have been defined and published by the ITU T Previously CCITT ITU H 222 An ITU T Study Group 15 standard that addresses the mul...

Page 199: ...naling standard for ISDN IUT Implementation Under Test The particular portion of equipment which is to be studied for testing The implementation may include one or more protocols IXB Input eXpandable Buffer J K Joining The phase in which the LE Client establishes its control connections to the LE Server JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group An ISO Standards group that defines how to compress still...

Page 200: ...nd the layers beneath it that is provided to the upper layer entities at the boundary between that layer and the next higher layer Layer User Data Data transferred between corresponding entities on behalf of the upper layer or layer management entities for which they are providing services LB Leaky Bucket Leaky Bucket is the term used as an analogous description of the algorithm used for conforman...

Page 201: ... client to solicit the ATM address of another function LEC Local Exchange Carrier A telephone company affiliate of a Regional Bell Operating Company or an Independent Telephone Company LEC LAN Emulation Client The entity in end systems which performs data forwarding address resolution and other control functions LECID LAN Emulation Client Identifier This identifier contained in the LAN Emulation h...

Page 202: ...ures one or several telephone lines or telephones in a telephone system LINF Line Interface Link An entity that defines a topological relationship including available transport capacity between two nodes in different subnetworks Multiple links may exist between a pair of subnetworks Synonymous with logical link Link Aggregation Token Refer to Aggregation Token Link Attribute A link state parameter...

Page 203: ...ir exchange between data stations independent of how the packets are transmitted on the LAN LNNI LANE NNI The standardized interface between two LAN servers LES LES BUS BUS LECS LECS and LECS LES LOC Loss of Cell Delineation A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost cell delineation Used to monitor the perfo...

Page 204: ...dicating that the receiving equipment has lost the received signal This is used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer LPF Low Pass Filter In an MPEG 2 clock recovery circuit it is a technique for smoothing or averaging changes to the system clock LSAP Link Service Access Point Logical address of boundary between layer 3 and LLC sublayer 2 LSB Least Significant Bit The lowest order bit in the...

Page 205: ...E Server LES LECS and BUS M M1 Management Interface 1 The management of ATM end devices M2 Management Interface 2 The management of Private ATM networks or switches M3 Management Interface 3 The management of links between public and private networks M4 Management Interface 4 The management of public ATM networks M5 Management Interface 5 The management of links between two public networks MAC Med...

Page 206: ...ms which can be either NEs subnetworks or other management systems MAT Maintenance and Administration Terminal MaxCR Maximum Cell Rate This is the maximum capacity usable by connections belonging to the specified service category Mbps Mega Bits Per Second Million bits per second MBps Mega Bytes Per Second Million bytes per second MBS Maximum Burst Size In the signaling message the Burst Tolerance ...

Page 207: ...t virtual channels VCs including the assignment removal and checking of VCs Metasignaling VCs The standardized VCs that convey metasignaling information across a User Network Interface UNI MIB Management Information Base A definition of management items for some network component that can be accessed by a network manager A MIB includes the names of objects it contains and the type of information r...

Page 208: ...ssible to receive This pulse dispersion sometimes limits the distance over which a MMF link can operate MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group An ISO Standards group dealing with video and audio compression techniques and mechanisms for multiplexing and synchronizing various media streams MPOA Multiprotocol over ATM An effort taking place in the ATM Forum to standardize protocols for the purpose of run...

Page 209: ... RM cells Congestion Indicator CI 1 to indicate congestion 0 otherwise NI 1 to indicate no additive increase allowed 0 otherwise RA Not used for ATM Forum Available Bit Rate ABR MTBF Mean Time Between Failures The length of time a user may reasonably expect a device or system to work before an incapacitating fault occurs MTP Message Transfer Part Level 1 through 3 protocols of the SS7 protocol sta...

Page 210: ...af Nodes to the Root Node Such a connection is also known as a Multipoint to Point Connection Note that UNI 4 0 does not support this connection type MUX Multiplexer Electronic equipment which allows two or more signals to pass over one communications circuit That circuit may be a phone line a microwave circuit a through the air TV signal That circuit may be analog or digital There are many multip...

Page 211: ...smitted signal is at maximum and the receive signal has been attenuated it may be difficult to maintain an acceptable ACR with the received signal if the cable media allows large amounts of crosstalk leakage to occur Foiled or shielded cables generally have less crosstalk than unshielded varieties NIC Network Interface Card The attachment that connects a device to a network The NIC usually a PC ex...

Page 212: ...s functions at the Network Management Layer It may also include Element Management Layer functions A Network Management System may manage one or more other Network Management Systems NMS Environment A set of NMS which cooperate to manage one or more subnetworks NNI Network Node Interface An interface between ATM switches defined as the interface between two network nodes Nodal Attribute A nodal st...

Page 213: ...fect the QoS of other already established connections by detecting violations of negotiated parameters and taking appropriate actions Refer to UPC nrt VBR Non real time VBR NRZ Non Return to Zero A binary encoding scheme in which ones and zeroes are represented by opposite and alternating high and low voltages and where there is no return to a zero reference voltage between encoded bits NRZ is now...

Page 214: ... or speed provided by the aggregation of nx64 kbps channels where n integer 1 The 64K or DS0 channel is the basic rate provided by the T Carrier systems O OAM Operations Administration and Maintenance A group of network management functions that provide network fault indication performance information and data and diagnosis functions Octet A term for eight 8 bits that is sometimes used interchange...

Page 215: ...s used to calculate routes based on the number of routers transmission speed delays and route cost OUI Organizationally Unique Identifier The OUI is a three octet field in the IEEE 802 1a defined SubNetwork Attachment Point SNAP header identifying an organization which administers the meaning of the following two octet Protocol Identifier PID field in the SNAP header Together they identify a disti...

Page 216: ...y a full three layer protocol stack physical link data link network in every node PAD Packet Assembler and Disassembler A PAD assembles packets of asynchronous data and emits these buffers in a burst to a packet switch network The PAD also disassembles packets from the network and emits the data to the non packet device Parent Node The logical group node that represents the containing peer group o...

Page 217: ...n audio encoding algorithm which encodes the amplitude of a repetitive series of audio samples This encoding algorithm converts analog voice samples into a digital bit stream PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association an awful mouthful standardizes credit card size packages for memory and input output modems LAN cards etc for computers laptops palmtops etc There are three physi...

Page 218: ...rfaces which exist between the layers of protocols per OSI model Peer Entities Entities within the same layer Peer Group Level The number of significant bits in the peer group identifier of a particular peer group Peer Node A node that is a member of the same peer group as a given node PES Packetized Elementary Stream In MPEG 2 after the media stream has been digitized and compressed it is formatt...

Page 219: ...ities have been implemented for a given protocol PID Protocol Identification Refer to OUI PIXIT Protocol Implementation eXtra Information for Testing A statement made by a supplier or implementer of an IUT which contains information about the IUT and its testing environment which will enable a test laboratory to run an appropriate test suite against the IUT Plastic Fiber Optics An optical fiber wh...

Page 220: ...l Media Dependent This sublayer defines the parameters at the lowest level such as speed of the bits on the media PNI Permit Next Increase An ABR service parameter PNI is a flag controlling the increase of ACR upon reception of the next backward RM cell PNI 0 inhibits increase The range is 0 or 1 PNNI Private Network Network Interface A routing information protocol that enables extremely scalable ...

Page 221: ... on the connection called Leaf Nodes receive copies of the information Each of the Leaf Nodes on the connection can send information directly to the Root Node The Root Node cannot distinguish which Leaf is sending information without additional higher layer information See note below for User Network Interface UNI 4 0 support TheLeaf Nodes cannot communicatedirectlytoeach other withthisconnection ...

Page 222: ...ns Protocol Control Information Information exchanged between corresponding entities using a lower layer connection to coordinate their joint operation PT Payload Type Payload Type is a 3 bit field in the ATM cell header that discriminates between a cell carrying management information or one which is carrying user information PTI Payload Type Indicator Payload Type Indicator is the Payload Type f...

Page 223: ...tion and left up indefinitely PVPC Permanent Virtual Path Connection A Virtual Path Connection VPC is an ATM connection where switching is performed on the VPI field only of each cell A Permanent VPC is one which is provisioned through some network management function and left up indefinitely Q QD Queuing Delay Queuing delay refers to the delay imposed on a cell by its having to be buffered becaus...

Page 224: ... provide address information to the LAN Emulation Server Relaying A function of a layer by means of which a layer entity receives data from a corresponding entity and transmits it to another corresponding entity RFC Request For Comment The development of TCP IP standards procedures and specifications is done via this mechanism RFCs are documents that progress through several development stages und...

Page 225: ...reserving capacity on VPCs the processing required to establish individual VCCs is reduced Refer to RM cell RM Cell Resource Management Cell Information about the state of the net work like bandwidth availability state of congestion and impending congestion is conveyed to the source through special control cells called Resource Management Cells RM cells RO Read Only Attributes which are read only ...

Page 226: ...ortest path between two points on a network based on the addresses of the originating and destiantion devices The shortest path is determined by the number of hops between those points Each router maintains a routing table or routing database of known addresses and routes each router periodically broadcasts the contents of its table to neighboring routers in order that the entire network can maint...

Page 227: ...plementation Under Test IUT for testing a protocol layer or sublayer which is part of a multi protocol IUT RSFG Route Server Functional Group The group of functions performed to provide internetworking level functions in an MPOA System This includes running conventional interworking Routing Protocols and providing inter IASG destination resolution RTC Runtime Control An SCSA definition The mechani...

Page 228: ...t identifies the target software entity within the remote device When the application prepares to respond to incoming calls from remote ATM devices a local_SAP specifies the ATM address of the device housing the application plus further addressing that identifies the application within the local device There are several groups of SAPs that are specified as valid for Native ATM Services SAR Segment...

Page 229: ...time scales which are long relative to those for which the PCR is defined Enforcement of this bound by the UPC could allow the network to allocate sufficient resources but less than those based on the PCR and still ensure that the performance objectives e g for Cell Loss Ratio can be achieved SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy The ITU TSS International standard for transmitting information over opt...

Page 230: ...hour day or week This method gives a better indication of the distribution of bit errors than a simple Bit Error Rate BER Refer also to EFS SES Source End Station An ATM termination point which is the source of ATM messages of a connection and is used as a reference point for ABR services Refer to DES SF SuperFrame A DS1 framing format in which 24 DS0 timeslots plus a coded framing bit are organiz...

Page 231: ...ells have been transmitted since the previous SN cell These cells are used to verify the sequence of payload cells reassembled at the receiver SNA Systems Network Architecture IBM s seven layer vendor specific architecture for data communications SNAP Standard Network Access Protocol A version of the IEEE local area network logical link control frame similar to the more traditional data link level...

Page 232: ...iptor used during the connection set up to capture the intrinsic traffic characteristics of the connection requested by the source Spanning Tree Algorithm An algorithm the original version of whcih was invented by Digital Equipment Corporation used to prevent logic loops in a bridged network by creating a spanning tree The algorithm is now documented in the IEEE 802 1d specifications although the ...

Page 233: ...sparent Bridging and Source Route Bridging SRTS Synchronous residual Time Stamp A clock recovery technique in which difference signals between source timing and a network reference timing signal are transmitted to allow reconstruction of the source timing at the destination SSCF Service Specific Coordination Function SSCF is a function defined in Q 2130 B ISDN Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer Servic...

Page 234: ...er and receiver This is usually implemented in wide area facilities and not implemented by SONET Lite STM Synchronous Transfer Module STM is a basic building block used for a synchronous multiplexing hierarchy defined by the CCITT ITU T STM 1 operates at a rate of 155 52 Mbps same as STS 3 STM 1 Synchronous Transport Module 1 SDH standard for transmission over OC 3 optical fiber at 155 52 Mbps STM...

Page 235: ... at 155 52 Mbps STS 12 at 622 08 Mbps and STS 48 at 2 488 Gbps STS nc Synchronous Transport Signal n concatenated where n is an integer SONET standards for transmission over OC n optical fiber by multiplexing n STS 1 frames e g STS 3 at 155 52 Mbps STS 12 at 622 08 Mbps and STS 48 at 2 488 Gbps but treating the information fields as a single concatenated payload Sublayer A logical sub division of ...

Page 236: ...itching is performed on the VPI VCI fields of each cell SVE SAP Vector Element The SAP address may be expressed as a vector ATM_addr ATM_selector BLLI_id2 BLLI_id3 BHLI_id where ATM_addr corresponds to the 19 most significant octets of a device s 20 octet ATMaddress privateATMaddressstructure ortheentireE 164address E 164 address structure ATM_selector corresponds to the least significant octet of...

Page 237: ...erminal Adapter Allows existing non ISDN terminals to operate on ISDN lines It provides conversion between a non ISDN terminal device and the ISDN user network interfaced TAXI Transparent Asynchronous Transmitter Receiver Interface 100 Mbps ATM physical interface specification based on the FDDI PHY Telnet A program that lets you connect to other computers on the Internet The process by which a per...

Page 238: ...ing during startup periods before the first RM cell returns TC Transaction Capabilities TCAP see below plus supporting Presentation Session and Transport protocol layers TC Transmission Convergence The TC sublayer transforms the flow of cells into a steady flow of bits and bytes for transmission over the physical medium On transmit the TC sublayer maps the cells to the frame format generates the H...

Page 239: ...test suite TCR Tagged Cell Rate An ABR service parameter TCR limits the rate at which a source may send out of rate forward RM cells TCR is a constant fixed at 10 cells second TCS Transmission Convergence Sublayer This is part of the ATM physical layer that defines how cells will be transmitted by the actual physical layer TDF An ABR service parameter TDF controls the decrease in ACR associated wi...

Page 240: ...ol and congestion control procedures for ATM ATM layer traffic control refers to the set of actions taken by the network to avoid congestion conditions ATM layer congestion control refers to the set of actions taken by the network to minimize the intensity spread and duration of congestion The following functions form a framework for managing and controlling traffic and congestion in ATM networks ...

Page 241: ...ink attribute or a nodal attribute Topology Constraint A topology constraint is a generic term that refers to either a link constraint or a nodal constraint Topology Database The database that describes the topology of the entire PNNI routing domain as seen by a node Topology Metric A generic term that refers to either a link metric or a nodal metric Topology State Parameter A generic term that re...

Page 242: ...service parameter that provides an upper bound on the time between forward RM cells for an active source It is 100 times a power of two with a range of 100 2 7 to 100 20 TS Transport Stream One of two types of streams produced by the MPEG 2 Systems layer The Transport Stream consists of 188 byte packets and can contain multiple programs TS Traffic Shaping Traffic shaping is a mechanism that alters...

Page 243: ...th No numerical commitments are made with respect to the cell loss ratio experienced by a UBR connection or as to the cell transfer delay experienced by cells on the connection UCFAD Universal Cell Frame Assembly Disassembly UDP User Datagram Protocol This protocol is part of the TCP IP protocol suite and provides a means for applications to access the connectionless features of IP UDP operates at...

Page 244: ...e transmit operation of a single PDU by a source interface where the PDU reaches a single destination UPC Usage Parameter Control Usage Parameter Control is defined as the set of actions taken by the network to monitor and control traffic in terms of traffic offered and validity of the ATM connection at the end system access Its main purpose is to protect network resources from malicious as well a...

Page 245: ...nclature of SONET A communications channel that provides for the sequential unidirectional transport of ATM cells VCC Virtual Channel Connection A concatenation of VCLs that extends between the points where the ATM service users access the ATM layer The points at which the ATM cell payload is passed to or received from the users of the ATM Layer i e a higher layer or ATM entity for processing sign...

Page 246: ...ions and relays the cells of a VC Virtual Path Switch A network element that connects VPLs It translates VPI not VCI values and is directed by Control Plane functions It relays the cell of the VP VLAN Virtual Local Area Network Work stations connected to an intelligent device which provides the capabilities to define LAN membership VMEBUS VEASA Module European Bus A 32 bit bus developed by Motorol...

Page 247: ... time of a cell is not too early relative to the TAT then the cell is conforming Otherwise the cell is non conforming VS Virtual Source Refer to VS VD VS VD Virtual Source Virtual Destination An ABR connection may be divided into two or more separately controlled ABR segments Each ABR control segment except the first is sourced by a virtual source A virtual source implements the behavior of an ABR...

Page 248: ...tput Modular Switch XDF Xrm Decrease Factor An ABR service parameter XDF controls the decrease in ACR associated with Xrm It is a power of two in range 0 1 Xrm An ABR service parameter Xrm limits the number of forward RM cells which may be sent in the absence of received backward RM cells The range is 0 255 ...

Page 249: ... switch requirements Each configuration worksheet outlines both the switch and individual port configurations allowing quick look up during installation and configuration These worksheets although optional can provide a common source for configuration as well as for future reference Switch Configuration C Parameter Value Setting Host Name NSAP Address If using PNNI v1 0 see PNNI Configuration ATM ...

Page 250: ...on 1 0 Configuration NMS Configuration if applicable Slot Interface Type OC 12 OC 3 TAXI DS 3 etc Serial 0 1 2 3 Hierarchy Level 1 Hierarchy Level 2 Hierarchy Level 3 Peer Group Leader Y N Hierarchy Level 0 104 Peer Group Leader Priority 0 255 NMS Host Name IP Address Subnet Mask MIB Access Public or Private Read only or Write Access 0 1 2 3 ...

Page 251: ... 0 SVC Signaling Y N ILMI Y N ILMI Address Registration Y N ELAN Name if applicable PNNI or IISP if applicable Possible Clock Source Y N Internal or External Reachable Address Parameter Port 10 Port 11 Port 12 Port 13 Interface Type MMF SMF UTP5 TAXI Port Name UNI or NNI Network or User VPI of bits VCI of bits UNI Version 3 0 3 1 4 0 SVC Signaling Y N ILMI Y N ILMI Address Registration Y N ELAN Na...

Page 252: ... 4 0 SVC Signaling Y N ILMI Y N ILMI Address Registration Y N ELAN Name if applicable PNNI or IISP if applicable Internal or External Reachable Address Parameter Port 30 Port 31 Port 32 Port 33 Interface Type MMF SMF UTP5 TAXI Port Name UNI or NNI Network or User VPI of bits VCI of bits UNI Version 3 0 3 1 4 0 SVC Signaling Y N ILMI Y N ILMI Address Registration Y N ELAN Name if applicable PNNI or...

Page 253: ...Worksheets Port Configuration Worksheet Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual C 5 NTP 297 8103 903 ELAN Configurations ELAN Name LECS Address LES Address of Clients ...

Page 254: ...Worksheets C 6 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 PVC Configuration Worksheet Profile Configurations Shaper Configurations Profile Name Traffic Type PCR SCR MBS Port Shaper Number 1 8 Traffic Type PCR SCR MBS ...

Page 255: ...orksheet Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual C 7 NTP 297 8103 903 PVC Configurations Profile Name Bi or Uni Direc tional Input Port Input VPI Input VCI Output Port Output VPI Output VCI Early Packet Discard Y N UPC Mode Y N 1 5 ...

Page 256: ...PVC Configuration Worksheet Worksheets C 8 Centillion 1200N ATM Switch User Manual NTP 297 8103 903 This page is for your notes ...