P&M Aviation QUIK, Operating Instructions Manual

Page 1: ...ating Instructions Issue 1 P M Aviation Ltd Unit B Crawford St Rochdale Lancashire OL16 5NU Great Britain Tel 44 0 1706 655134 Fax 44 0 1706 631561 E E M Ma ai il l f fl ly yi in ng g p pm ma av vi ia at ti io on n c co o u uk k W We eb bs si it te e w ww ww w p pm ma av vi ia at ti io on n c co o u uk k SERIAL NO ...

Page 2: ...Pre flight Checks 21 4 5 Safety Harness 21 4 6 Ground Handling 21 4 7 Airstrip Criteria 21 4 8 Special Hazards 22 5 Pre flight Inspection 24 5 1 Wing 24 5 2 Trike 24 6 Preparation for Flight 26 6 1 General 26 6 2 Strapping In 27 6 3 Starting Engine 27 6 4 Engine Warm Up 28 7 Flight 31 7 1 General Flight Control 31 7 2 Primary Controls 32 7 3 Ground Handling 32 7 4 Take Off 33 7 5 En Route 35 7 6 L...

Page 3: ... 11 7 Secondary Structures and Systems Cockpit and Fairing 55 11 8 Secondary Structures and Systems Electrical System 55 11 9 Secondary Structures and Systems Carburettor Heat 55 11 10 Secondary Structures and Systems Radiator Covers 56 11 11 Secondary Structures and Systems Trim System 56 12 General Information 58 12 1 Running Gear 58 12 2 Placards Decals and Locations 58 12 3 Electrical System S...

Page 4: ...ur personal safety the safety of others and the safe operation of the aircraft it is very important that this operator s manual is read in full before operating or flying the aircraft for the first time and that the relevant sections are understood before any trimming or maintenance work is undertaken Should you not understand any of the Aviation terms to be found in this manual then ask your inst...

Page 5: ...OTE This NOTE symbol indicates points of particular interest for more efficient and convenient operation This WARNING symbol identifies special instructions or procedures which if not correctly followed could result in personal injury or loss of life CAUTION This CAUTION symbol identifies special instructions or procedures which if not strictly observed could result in personal injury damage to or...

Page 6: ...ich may make a particular item unsuitable for the use for which it was originally purchased He must also satisfy himself totally that a purchased item is suitable for the use to which he intends to employ it The Company can offer advice but the final responsibility for the use of the goods purchased primary product part or service rests solely with the purchaser whether direct or indirect or other...

Page 7: ...ight pilot s licence syllabus to attain awareness of the mental and physical requirements necessary for flexwing Microlight operation To ensure a long and trouble free life from your Quik or Quik GT450 give it the proper care and maintenance described in the Aircraft Operating Instructions Aircraft Maintenance Manual Flight Training Supplement For Engine Information and Service Maintenance schedul...

Page 8: ...Metre sq ft Square Feet cu in Cubic Inches cm 3 Centimeter Cube mb Millibars N Newton Nm Newton Meter kW KiloWatt HP Horse Power RPM Revolutions Per Minute ft lbs Foot Pounds in lbs Inch Pounds psi Pounds per Square Inch gage pressure s Second min Minute s hr s Hour s SI International System of units VA Maneuvering Speed VC Operating Cruising Speed VDF Demonstrated Flight Diving Speed VH Maximum S...

Page 9: ... 1 6 MPH Pressure PSI Pounds per Square Inch in Hg inches of Mercury mb millibar Distances in inches 25 4 millimeters ft foot feet 305 meters Weights Kg kilograms 2 2 lbs 2 2 pounds Misc 1 Pound Ib 0 4536 Kilogram kg 1 Pound per sq in psi 6 895 Kilopascal kPa 1 Inch in 25 4 Millimeters mm 1 Foot ft 0 3048 Meter m 1 Statute mile 1 609 Kilometres km 1 Nautical mile NM 1 852 Kilometres km 1 Millibar ...

Page 10: ...ph The electric trim system gives precise fingertip control of hands off trim speeds from approximately 50 to 80 mph A roll augmentation system has been developed for the GT450 wing which actuates the wing trailing edge and keel pocket when a roll input is made The system noticeably lightens roll control The wing planform and twist are designed to improve L D performance The wing is also equipped ...

Page 11: ...Quik Quik GT450 Aircraft Operating Instructions 29th March 2007 Issue 1 Page 11 of 68 1 1 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWINGS ...

Page 12: ...Quik Quik GT450 Aircraft Operating Instructions 29th March 2007 Issue 1 Page 12 of 68 ...

Page 13: ...rs 4 4 Reduction ratio 2 27 1 2 43 1 Overload Clutch No Yes Fuel oil ratio n a n a Min fuel rating 95 RON 95 RON Prop manufacturer Warp Drive Warp Drive Prop type Warp Drive 1 72m 90mm parallel chord Warp Drive 1 72m 90mm parallel chord Prop pitch 11O 16O Measured radius Tip u surface Tip u surface NOTE For all other engine data refer to the engine manufacturers handbook supplied as a supplement t...

Page 14: ...at full power at less than 40mph 75kph 35kt Do not exceed more than 60 of bank ALL aerobatic manoeuvres including whipstalls wingovers tail slides loops rolls and spins are prohibited GENERAL LIMITATIONS QUIK Max Empty weight Subject to approved equipment fit 484lb 220kg Min empty weight 418lb 190kg Max take off weight 900lb 409kg Min take off weight 540lb 254kg Min total occupant weight 121lb 55k...

Page 15: ...20kph 10kn 2 2 POWERPLANT LIMITATIONS Engine ROTAX 912 ROTAX 912S Max RPM 5800 5min 5800 5min Max continuous RPM 5500 5500 Idle RPM Approx 1400 Approx 1400 Min fuel spec Min RON 90 EN228 Premium EN228 Premium Plus AVGAS 100LL Min RON 95 EN228 Premium EN228 Premium Plus AVGAS 100LL 4 stroke engine oil API SF or SG e g Shell VSX 4 API SF or SG e g Shell VSX 4 Max coolant temp 150C measured at cyl he...

Page 16: ...of temperature refer to the Engine Manual for appropriate oil viscosity See also engine operators manual and P M Service Bulletin 0094 for Rotax 912 912S especially if using AVGAS If any limitations are reached or abnormal readings noted in flight land immediately and investigate the cause Do not attempt to fly until the problem has been solved WARNING ...

Page 17: ...perate the electric starter FORCED LANDING DRILL Throttles SHUT Both ignition switches OFF Fuel OFF Brakes OFF Harness secure do not over tighten pilots shoulder strap Plan approach Engine off Landings The Approach Quik The most important part of the approach is the base leg Aim to start the base leg at approximately 800 feet agl and set up an approach speed glide of 60 65 mph It is inadvisable to...

Page 18: ...such as the oil pressure gauge are also essential for flight safety If these basic instruments fail a landing should be made as soon as it is safe to do so In the case of an over voltage fault it may be prudent to turn off the master switch to prevent avionics damage Engine Overheating With a well maintained engine overheating should not occur The two basic reasons are weakening of the fuel air mi...

Page 19: ...ch you intend to operate Air Law can vary from country to country and from state to state be sure to always fly within the letter of the Air Law that operates in your state or country Make sure you have permission to fly from both your take off site and your intended landing site Weather Conditions Flexwing Microlights should only be flown in calm conditions The prudent pilot takes care to avoid f...

Page 20: ...see Section 10 3 Before each flight you should calculate the combined weight of the aircraft fuel pilot and passenger and ensure that it never exceeds 990lb 450 kilograms Fuel Before each flight you should calculate your fuel requirement For an approximate fuel consumption guide see Section 10 remember that fuel consumption can be affected by many factors including engine condition take off weight...

Page 21: ... has been stopped the aircraft has been securely parked and picketed or hangared and the pilot and passenger have disembarked Do not make the mistake of losing concentration just because you have landed safely Never taxi at more than walking pace Use the brakes gently Remember to make sufficient allowance for the span of the aircraft when manoeuvring in confined spaces Always be ready to switch of...

Page 22: ...OOM AHEAD IN CASE THE AIRCRAFT BREAKS FREE WHILE RUNNING UP 2 Check the ground around the propeller area for loose stones etc and remove any such objects 3 Tie the aircraft to a solid object a large and sound tree a car with its parking brake applied a concrete post etc using webbing or rope which is sufficiently strong to take a load of 225 kilos 500lbs minimum Securely attach both ends of the ro...

Page 23: ...perly strapped in and with his her fingers on the ignition switches at all times when the engine is running 8 Maintain an adequate look out while conducting tests adults children animals may approach from behind 9 Wear a helmet and ear defenders when in the vicinity of an engine being tested If you choose to wear a headset then ensure that the connecting cables cannot get near the propeller or rot...

Page 24: ...rrectly fitted Rigging tool detached and stowed 5 2 TRIKE Action Done Ignition off engine controls closed Front strut secure safety rings attached Pylon catch locked Front tyre inflated and in good condition Front forks and suspension in good condition Axles secure Rear tyres inflated and in good condition Seat secure harness straps secure buckles functioning Throttles choke control cables conditi...

Page 25: ...ctions 29th March 2007 Issue 1 Page 25 of 68 In addition carry out pre flight checks in engine operators manual You should never under any circumstances consider flying the aircraft before you have completed a thorough pre flight check WARNING ...

Page 26: ...aps etc are secure Pockets empty and no loose objects in the cockpit Describe takeoff landing and intention of flight Explain that there are hot and rotating engine parts directly behind which should not be touched in any circumstances HELMET A protective helmet must be worn fit correctly and be secured VISORS A positive lock must be fitted to the visor and be engaged during flight This is to ensu...

Page 27: ...ck the aircraft securely All controls should be checked closed and ignition should be off The parking brake if fitted should be applied Check the fuel is turned on ROTAX 912 912S ENGINES Before the first start of the day it is a good idea to turn the engine over for 2 bursts of about 5 seconds IGNITION OFF to get the oil pumping around the engine and to fill the float bowls For the first start of ...

Page 28: ...RS ARE ALMOST INVISIBLE AND CAN CAUSE INJURY OR DEATH Extreme care must be exercised during engine warm up Ensure that all spectators children pets are kept well clear of the propeller and the propeller arc Before touching the propeller double check that both contact switches are set to the OFF forward position failure to do so could result in injury or death Never attempt to hand start an engine ...

Page 29: ... against a full power run up Exercise extreme caution when ground running the engine When starting an aircraft engine it is essential that you keep spectators well clear of the immediate area and ensure that all spectators children and pets are totally under the control of a responsible adult On certain surfaces stones can bounce into the propeller blades and can then become projectiles Do not sta...

Page 30: ...he she must fly the aircraft accordingly He must also be trained and in current practice for forced landing procedures This means the pilot should only over fly terrain where a safe landing is possible at all times He should avoid over flying towns forests mountainous zones etc and always fly with sufficient altitude to glide to the nearest safe landing area Failure to do so could result in injury...

Page 31: ...to the stall a buffet felt through the control bar should be noticed At the stall there may be a mild wing drop with a very new wing at low weight minimum washout situation To recover use standard flexwing recovery techniques See Section 7 5 for stall characteristics See also Section 10 for more information on stall speeds Weather Conditions Microlight flying is most enjoyable in the calm conditio...

Page 32: ...s Wing Down Set the parking brake with the aircraft across and slightly downwind Bank the into wind wing down till the tip touches the ground Apply the Velcro parking tie to the control frame Into wind Set the parking brake and face the aircraft into wind Pull the control bar back till it contacts the seat and secure it there using the rear seat belt If thermals etc are present the aircraft may be...

Page 33: ...p Operators should note that with the engine running above idle the aircraft may tend to creep forward with the rear wheels locked on some surfaces See warning Section 6 4 Inspection The amount of wear that takes place on the tyres and drum brake shoes will vary from one aircraft to another depending on the type of surface the aircraft normally takes off and lands on Close inspection of the brake ...

Page 34: ... to takeoff position WIND DIRECTION STRENGTH within both aircraft and pilot limits ALL CLEAR to taxi to line up for finals check for other aircraft in the circuit Mixture Magnetos Fully rich on both POWER Check full power rpm at the start of the takeoff roll Abort the takeoff if full RPM is not reached or rough running occurs NOTE FULL POWER STATIC RPM Rotax 912UL S 4800 min 4700 Rotax 912UL 5100 ...

Page 35: ...temperature at 4000 ft is 32 C 90 F the factor will be 0 52 Climb QUIK GT450 The speed at which maximum climb rate is achieved is 55mph Once established in the climb the bar force can be removed with the trimmer See the table in Section 3 5 for performance All climb rate figures were taken at 450kgs 990lbs Max AUW sea level 15 C 59 F conditions ISA Beware of the effect of density altitude on the c...

Page 36: ... at low airspeeds so the bar should be pulled in slightly to increase airspeed before commencing the turn For roll out the control bar is moved towards the lower wing tip and the nose is lowered as the horizon levels When the aircraft is flown solo the roll response is faster for the same control force Roll response is also less damped especially at high speeds in excess of 65mph Small control inp...

Page 37: ...ould be applied to check the nose down rotation and then the pitch adjusted to resume normal flight At the stall a light wing drop may be found but is easily corrected If necessary hold the bar firmly to counter any tendency for the nose to pitch up excessively during the recovery The Quik and Quik GT450 wings are remarkably stable and even if stalled in a turn will not spin but pitch down increas...

Page 38: ...once on the ground puts unnecessary load on the nosewheel and should only be used in an emergency situation where the available stopping distance is marginal in normal landings the wing should be set at a neutral incidence and the brakes used progressively if required Crosswind Landing see Table in Section 2 1 The Quik and Quik GT450 copes well with cross wind landings but sensible pilots take gre...

Page 39: ...oss wind landings you must inspect the aircraft thoroughly Check the Maintenance and Repair section in this Manual Even after a flight without incident you should still carry out a thorough Post Flight Inspection paying particular attention to The exhaust system The propeller The undercarriage tyres wheels Loose objects Oil and coolant levels NOTE If leaving the aircraft rigged the trimmer should ...

Page 40: ...adjustments made to the wing to ensure that it is properly trimmed out and flies hands off at the right speed Owners are discouraged from making any adjustments If you feel your new P M aircraft is not performing as it should it is essential that your dealer is immediately informed The following notes are for guidance only Since tuning of flexwings is a specialised technical procedure no adjustmen...

Page 41: ...ld of the leading edge cloth right out near the trailing edge and twist it anti clockwise you should feel it move It will then be held there by the tension Tuning in pitch The GT450 wing is designed to be stable in pitch even with the trimmer fully fast at a trim speed of 73 80 mph The bar force when pulling in must steadily rise to at least 7kg 15 lbs to achieve 95mph The electric trimmer applies...

Page 42: ...Roll response should not exceed 3 seconds at 60mph to reverse a 30 degree bank at a control force of 15kg In addition the response to very small inputs of 1 2kg should be good so that it is possible to fly through moderate turbulence with one hand on the bar If the roll response is unsatisfactory firstly check that the main roll bearing and associated control frame top joints are all moving smooth...

Page 43: ... km h 80 km h With electric trimmer 74km h 74km h 74km h VNE 184 km h 184 km h 184 km h Flight manoeuvre loads 4g 0g 4g 0g 4g 0g Best rate of climb MAUW 390kgs ISA 4 3m s 4 3m s 6 1m s Airspeed for best rate of climb 91 km h 91 km h 91 km h Take off distance to 15m Max AUW 268 m 292 m 266 m Landing distance from 15m MAUW 225 m 225 m 225 m Trimmed cruise Max Min AUW 120 131 km h 120 131 km h 120 13...

Page 44: ...t power off 47mph 47mph Best Glide Angle at the above airspeed 8 1 8 1 VNE 110 mph 110 mph Flight manoeuvre loads 4 0 4 0 Airspeed for best rate of climb 55mph 55mph Take off distance to 50 Max AUW 921ft 863ft Landing distance from 50 MAUW 735ft 735ft Trimmed cruise Max Min AUW 73 80mph 73 80mph Trimmed slow speed Max Min AUW 55 47mph 55 47mph Includes a safety factor of 1 3 Take off and landing p...

Page 45: ... recovery Min AUW 50ft Max pitch down below horizon Min AUW 30 o Wings level stall power on Min AUW 30mph Max pitch down power on recovery Min AUW 0 o 30 degree banked stalls power off Min AUW 31mph NOTE See also Section 7 5 paragraph on Stall Characteristics It is important to understand that the data recorded during wings level stall tests were ascertained using the CAA requirement of a reductio...

Page 46: ...Vh for 912 85mph 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 mph TAS L P H H rs s tatu te m ile s ran g e x 1 0 lph gt450 Endurance hrs range miles x 10 Fuel consumption figures are guide figures only Always fly with a minimum of 1 hour s reserve fuel Consumption and climb graphs were produced with a new aircraft and may degrade over time WARNING ...

Page 47: ...mpty weights for the Quik GT450 are as follows 912 912 S 214kg 217kg 470lbs 477lbs Following modification repair or at any time required by the CAA or other Airworthiness Authority the aeroplane must be weighed so that the composition of useful load can be determined The aeroplane must be dry clean and in calm conditions for accurate weighing The empty weight must be recorded below and on the main...

Page 48: ... Therefore maximum fuel 27 0 718 37 litres or 59 1 58 37 litres FUEL LOADS QUIK GT450 The fuel tank is 65 litres capacity including 1 6 litres unusable giving 63 4 litres useable The weight of the fuel is 0 718 x 65 46 7 kg 102lb The fuel load limitations for the range of allowable cockpit loads and aircraft empty weights are placarded in the cockpit as follows EMPTY WEIGHT COCKPIT LOAD MAX FUEL L...

Page 49: ...ad variation Solo flight is from the front seat only Wing The CG of the wing is critical Due to the materials used and the quality control in manufacture the CG of the wing does not vary significantly in production Items should not be attached to the wing which significantly change the CG The hang point position on the wing keel must not be moved from the designed and tested position ...

Page 50: ...iling edge and a spanwise Kevlar tape maintain the wing s performance over a long life The aerofoil section is defined by pre formed aluminium and pre formed aluminium composite ribs with chord wise tension being maintained by attachment to the trailing edge The predictable low speed stall exhibited by the Quik and Quik GT450 is achieved by the clean lines of the aerofoil s leading edge radius and...

Page 51: ...ticeable in the light weight high power condition above 70mph They also reduce the induced drag and increase trim speed by 5 10mph 11 2 PRIMARY STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS THE TRIKE 1640 H A N GPO IN T PY L O N PA SS E N G E R N E C K R E S T S U S PE N S IO N S T R U T PIT O T F U E L D R A INV A L V E 1860 POD POD FRONT STRUT SPATFIN PYLONFAIRING BACKREST THROTTLE CHOKE port IGNITIONSWITCHES starboar...

Page 52: ...nd System Fuel is fed from a single fuel tank mounted beneath the seats The fuel system has a fuel cock and external filter backed up by an internal strainer fitted to the end of the fuel tank pick up pipe External fuel pipes are fire resistant to a specification that meets British Civil Airworthiness Requirements Section S The approximate calibration of the fuel tank is as follows Tank Volume Gau...

Page 53: ... leaning control is a valve on the instrument panel which applies either ambient pressure rich or partial carburettor venturi pressure lean to the float chambers The pressure can be monitored by a gauge Maximum leaning is limited by the size of the air vent jet The mixture should be set fully rich at all times except when cruising at a steady altitude speed and throttle setting The exhaust gas tem...

Page 54: ...ented via a pipe to discharge clear of the aircraft A sump with water drain is provided The tank may be 49L or 65L the 65L tank has a third mounting point at the centre of the tank Fuel is supplied to the carburettors via the main shutoff cock Rotax 912 912S The preferred fuel is 95 RON minimum octane rating unleaded petrol 4 star leaded fuel super can also be used 100LL AVGAS can be used but the ...

Page 55: ...ignals to be used in instrumentation Two independent sets of cables to the two separate ignition switches are provided Ignition is independent of the battery alternator regulator system The power available from the alternator is a function of engine speed and the electrical load Connection to the wiring is via crimp connections in rubber connector housings and in the case of the power wiring loom ...

Page 56: ...ng that the oil temperature remains within the correct limits is therefore the pilot s Regular in flight checks should be made to ensure that the oil temperature remains within the desired range of 85 100 C and that the following limitations are respected 2 Lower oil limit 50 C 3 Upper oil limit 912 engine 140 C 912S engine 130 C Adjustment In the event that 120 C is reached in a typical climb to ...

Page 57: ...ctice is not recommended as it puts unnecessary load on the system In this case it is permissible to reset the C B after 2 minutes The C B will also trip if the trim motor should run past the normal limit micro switch and the motor is not stopped by the pilot in which case the bungee will eventually be stopped at the top of the engine mount frame and the trim speed will be very slow 40 45mph With ...

Page 58: ...h Warning folded pylon On pylon fairing Warning Loose hair On seat rear left Warning Hot Engine On rear of cowling Warning hand throttle closed On seat next to hand throttle Operating Instructions On cockpit dash 12 3 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM SPECIFICATION The Alternator Rotax 912 912S the alternator gives a nominal maximum current of 18 amps AC or voltages up to about 75 volts RMS with very low current ...

Page 59: ...ing the fitting of optional electrical equipment must not be carried out under any circumstances without official modification authorisation issued by the factory CAUTION When the aircraft is stored for an extended period of time remove the battery and charge it fully Then store it in a warm dry place Never leave the battery discharged The battery gives off explosive gases keep sparks flames and c...

Page 60: ...d and secure Hang point roll bearing adjustment bolt secure 7 Control frame uprights straight end fittings and fasteners secure 8 All sail seams intact with no frayed stitching 9 No tears in the sail 10 Batten elastics not frayed knots secure and fitted correctly 11 Double check 7 and 8 in sail areas of high stress Particular areas of high stress are Both tip fabric areas including tip fastening B...

Page 61: ...cs 10 After fitting the upper surface ribs remove the safety pin from the crossboom restraint cable stud just inside the rear end of the keel pocket Make sure that the crossboom rigging tool extension to the rear of the keel is properly located in the keel with the slots engaged Hook the front rigging tool pulley onto the keyhole tang and secure with a safety pin Ensure that the cord between the t...

Page 62: ... of the keel Ensure that the previously fitted ribs are pushed FULLY home and that the upper and lower elastics are fitted to all ribs 12 Locate the washout tubes onto the sockets ensuring they are seated firmly down to the limit Damage to airframe components the sail and fittings may result if you tension the crossboom with rigging or airframe components caught up Investigate immediately if undue...

Page 63: ...ed by walking towards the trike when sufficient height has been attained start to allow the A frame to take the weight of the wing When fully up the rear wires will become taught keep the wing horizontal and get the helper to keep constant pressure upwards and rearwards on the rear of the keel while you stoop to pick up the nose swan catch Hook the swan catch onto the nose plate and place the secu...

Page 64: ...ted correctly Now is a good time to inspect the interior of the trike including the engine mounts and fuel lines Depress the drain valve on the underside of the fuel tank and drain off a little fuel into a container Check for discolouration due to contamination and for water present in the fuel If in doubt drain off all contaminated fuel and replace it 3 To convert the tandem seat for solo operati...

Page 65: ...cket Note You may find it convenient to fashion two wooden wedges and jam them one each side of the hang bracket between the hang bracket and the uprights these will hold the hang bracket firmly in a central position Ensure they are removed immediately after the hang bolt has been fitted Keeping hands and fingers clear gently lift the pylon top to engage into the hang bracket When the holes are al...

Page 66: ...gging gas strut is not fitted locate the pylon using the over centre catch but do not overcentre lock it at this stage Get a helper to hold the bar or strap it back using the rear seat harness if it is at all windy it is essential to have a helper at hand Fit the front strut first attaching it at the top with a pin and safety ring and then at the bottom with two pins and safety rings Secure the Ov...

Page 67: ...nt wheel will roll through the A frame and over the control bar as you do this Remove the safety pin and special nut from the hang bolt and then remove the hang bolt from the hang bracket If electric trim is fitted disconnect the trim cord shackle from the keel Wheel the trike back well away from the wing Rigging and de rigging the aircraft is a simple and safe operation when carried out correctly...

Page 68: ...on nose down with rigging extension inserted Undo the wing undersurface inspection zips and pass tie down ropes around the cross boom or side wires The nose cone should be removed and stowed under the leading edge Mylar The basebar and nose should rest on a soft even surface in particular avoid sharp stones which can damage the basebar The trimmer should be left slack fully fast 14 3 WING OVERNIGH...