background image

10

Videos, Photos and
Music

10.1

From a USB Connection

You can view your photos or play your music and
videos from a connected USB flash drive or USB Hard
Drive.

With the TV switched on, plug in a USB flash drive or a
USB Hard Drive to one of the USB connections.

Press 

 

SOURCES

, then select 

 USB, 

 you can

browse your files in folder structure you have
organised on the USB Hard Drive.

Warning

 

 

If you try to pause or record a programme with a USB
Hard Drive connected, the TV will ask you to format
the USB Hard Drive. This formatting will delete all
current files on the USB Hard Drive.

10.2

From a Computer or NAS

You can view your photos or play your music and
videos from a computer or a NAS (Network Attached
Storage) in your home network.

The TV and computer or NAS must be in the same
home network. On your computer or NAS, you need
to install Media Server Software. Your Media Server
must be set to share your files with the TV. The TV
shows your files and folders as they are organised by
the Media Server or as they are structured on your
computer or NAS. 

The TV does not support subtitles on video streams
from a computer or NAS.

If the Media Server supports searching for files, a
search field is available.

To browse and play the files on your computer…

1 - 

Press 

 

SOURCES

, select 

Network

 and

press 

OK

.

2 - 

Once a device is connected, the 

Network device

item will be replaced by connected device name.

3 - 

You can browse and play your files.

4 - 

To stop playing videos, photos and music,

press 

 

EXIT

.

10.3

Photos

View Photos

1 - 

Press 

 

SOURCES

, select 

 USB

 and

press 

OK

.

2 - 

Select 

  USB Flash Drive

 and press 

 (right)

to select the USB device you need.

3 - 

Select 

Photo

, you can press 

 

Sort

 to

browse your photos by day, month or year.

4 - 

Select one of photos, and press 

OK

 to view the

selected photo.
• To view photos, select 

Photos

 in the menu bar,

select a photo thumbnail and press 

OK

.

• If there are several photos in the same folder, select
a photo and press 

 Slide show

 to start a slide

show of all photos in this folder.
• Watch a photo and press 

 INFO

 to show below:

Progress bar, Playback control bar, 

 (Jump to the

previous photo in a folder), 

 (Jump to the next photo

in a folder), 

 (Start slideshow playback), 

 (Pause

the playback), 

 (Start slideshow), 

 (Rotate

photo) 

 

When viewing a photo file, press 

 

OPTIONS

 to…

Shuffle off, Shuffle on

View the pictures in sequential order, or at random.

Repeat, Play once

View the pictures repeatedly or once only.

Stop music

Stop the music if the music playback is in progress. 

Slideshow speed

Set the speed of the slideshow.

Slideshow transitions

Set the transition from one picture to the next.

Photo Options

When browsing photo files, press 

 

OPTIONS

 to…

List/Thumbnails

View photos with list view or thumbnails view.

Shuffle off, Shuffle on

View the pictures in sequential order, or at random.

Repeat, Play once

View the pictures repeatedly or once only.

Stop music

Stop the music if the music playback is in progress. 

Slideshow speed

Set the speed of the slideshow.

Slideshow transitions

Set the transition from one picture to the next.

28

Summary of Contents for 7556 Series

Page 1: ...Register your product and get support at 7556 series www philips com TVsupport User Manual 43PUS7556 50PUS7556 55PUS7556 65PUS7556 ...

Page 2: ...l Settings 30 12 Wireless and Networks 41 12 1 Home Network 41 12 2 Connect to Network 41 12 3 Wireless and Network Settings 41 13 Smart TV 43 13 1 Setup Smart TV 43 13 2 Smart TV Start Page 43 13 3 App Gallery 43 13 4 Video on Demand 43 14 Netflix 44 15 Rakuten TV 45 16 Amazon Prime Video 46 17 YouTube 47 18 Alexa 48 18 1 About Alexa 48 18 2 Using Alexa 48 19 Google Assistant 49 20 Environmental ...

Page 3: ...Index 66 3 ...

Page 4: ...the test to verify the TV bundled remote control functionality View weak signal history Display the list of channel numbers that were automatically saved when signal strength was weak Update software Check available software updates User manual Read the user manual for TV information Troubleshooting Find a solution for frequent ask questions Factory settings Reset all settings to factory settings ...

Page 5: ...file update html and double click it Click on Send ID If new software is available download the zip file After the download unzip the file and copy the file autorun upg onto the USB memory device Do not place this file in a folder 4 Update the TV software Insert the USB memory into the TV again The update starts automatically The TV switches itself off for 10 seconds and then back on again Please ...

Page 6: ...Display the list of software versions that are successfully update on the TV 6 ...

Page 7: ...mote control is treated with a scratch resistant coating To clean the remote control use a soft damp cloth Never use substances such as alcohol chemicals or household cleaners on the remote control Key Overview Top 1 Standby On To switch the TV on or back to Standby 2 OPTIONS To open or close the Options menu 3 To launch the Amazon prime video App 4 To open the Netflix App directly With the TV swi...

Page 8: ... To open the Explore Freeview Play page 7 To launch the Rakuten TV App 8 SOURCES To open the Sources menu 9 Search To open the Smart TV searches page Middle 1 OK key To confirm a selection or setting To open the channel list while watching TV if Interactive Service is not available 2 Back To close a menu without changing a setting 3 Playback and Record Play to playback Pause to pause playback Stop...

Page 9: ...ious channel in the channel list To open the next or previous page in Text Teletext 2 Volume Prese or to adjust the volume level 3 Number keys To select a channel directly 4 Channel list To open the channel list 5 Channel Prese or to switch to the next or previous channel in the channel list To open the next or previous page in Text Teletext 6 Mute To mute the sound or to restore it 7 SUBTITLE To ...

Page 10: ...enu 2 Press left or right to select Volume Channel or Sources Select Demo to start a demo movie 3 Press up or down to adjust the volume or tune to the next or previous channel Press up or down to go through the list of sources including the tuner selection The menu will disappear automatically 10 ...

Page 11: ...wall mount bracket sold separately Use the following VESA code when purchasing the wall mount 43PUS75x6 VESA MIS F 100x200 M6 Minimum 10 mm Maximum 12 mm 50PUS75x6 VESA MIS F 100x200 M6 Minimum 10 mm Maximum 20 mm 55PUS75x6 VESA MIS F 100x200 M6 Minimum 10 mm Maximum 20 mm 65PUS75x6 VESA MIS F 200x200 M6 Minimum 12 mm Maximum 18 mm Preparation Make sure that the metal screws to mount the TV to the...

Page 12: ...l joystick key on the bottom of the TV Switch to standby To switch the TV to standby press on the remote control You can also press the small joystick key on the bottom of the TV In standby mode the TV is still connected to the mains power but consumes very little energy To switch off the TV completely disconnect the power plug When disconnecting the power plug always pull the power plug never the...

Page 13: ...ur own antenna or an antenna signal from an antenna distribution system Use an IEC Coax 75 Ohm RF antenna connector Use this antenna connection for DVB T and DVB C input signals 5 3 Satellite Attach the satellite F type connector to the satellite connection SAT at the back of the TV 5 4 Video Device HDMI An HDMI connection has the best picture and sound quality For best signal quality transfer use...

Page 14: ...s connection with the Audio In Optical connection on the HTS The Audio Out Optical connection sends the sound from the TV to the HTS Headphones You can connect a set of headphones to the connection on the side of the TV The connection is a mini jack 3 5mm You can adjust the volume of the headphones separately 5 6 Mobile Device Screen Mirroring About Screen Mirroring You can view your photos or pla...

Page 15: ...i Fi Reset Screen Mirroring connections Screen Delay The normal delay when sharing a screen with Screen Mirroring is about 1 second The delay might be longer if you are using older devices with less processing power Apps Philips TV Remote App With the TV Remote App you master your media around you Send photos music or videos to your big TV screen or watch any of your TV channels live on your table...

Page 16: ...ou must enter a PIN code to watch its channels When you set the PIN code for the CAM we recommend you to use the same code you are using to unlock the TV To set the PIN code for the CAM 1 Press SOURCES 2 Select the channel type you are using the CAM for 3 Press OPTIONS and select Common Interface 4 Select the TV operator of the CAM The following screens come from the TV operator Follow the on scre...

Page 17: ...tching to a device press SOURCES again 6 2 Rename Device Home Settings All settings General settings Input sources Source Edit 1 Select one of the device icons and press OK the preset name appears in the typing field 2 Press up to move to the typing field press OK then enter new name using on screen keyboard Press red key to enter with lower case Press green key to enter with upper case Press yell...

Page 18: ...l channels 3 Select Start and press OK to update channels This can take a few minutes Quick reinstall Home Settings Install Channels Antenna cable installlation Search for channels 1 Select Start now and press OK 2 Select Quick reinstall to install all channels again with default settings 3 Select Start and press OK to update channels This can take a few minutes Advanced reinstall Home Settings In...

Page 19: ... start a channel update yourself Automatic channel update Once a day at 6 AM the TV updates the channels and stores new channels New channels are stored in the All channels list but also in the New channels list Empty channels are removed If new channels are found or if channels are updated or removed a message is shown at TV start up The TV must be in standby to automatically update channels Chan...

Page 20: ...versal or Circular The general type of LNB usually you can select this type for your LNB Low LO Frequency High LO Frequency The local oscillator frequencies are set to standard values Adjust the values only in case of exceptional equipment that needs different values 22 kHz Tone By default the Tone is set to Automatic LNB Power By default LNB Power is set to Automatic Add Satellite or Remove Satel...

Page 21: ...ngs All settings Channels Channel list copy Copy to USB Check channel list version Home Settings All settings Channels Channel list copy Current version Upload a Channel List To not Installed TVs Depending on whether your TV is already installed or not you must use a different method to upload a channel list To a TV that is not yet installed 1 Plug in the power plug to start the installation and s...

Page 22: ...lp press the colour key Keywords and look up Subtitle Language Audio Language If none of the preferred audio languages are available you can select another audio language if available If no audio languages are available you cannot select this option To read more information in Help press the colour key Keywords and look up Audio Language Dual I II If an audio signal contains two audio languages bu...

Page 23: ...itch to TV 2 Long press TV Guide to open the channel list 3 Select one channel you want to rename 4 Press OPTIONS Rename channel and press OK 5 In the typing field press OK to open on screen keyboard or press Back to hide the on screen keyboard 6 Use navigation keys to select a character then press OK Press red key to enter with lower case Press green key to enter with upper case Press yellow key ...

Page 24: ...lect the channel and press Mark as favourites to mark as favourite 3 The selected channel is marked with a 4 To finish press Back The channels are added to the Favourites list Remove Channel from the Favourites List To remove a channel from the favourites list select the channel with then press Unmark as favourite again to unmark as favourite Reorder Channels You can reorder reposition channels in...

Page 25: ...o open T O P Text pages within Text press OPTIONS and select T O P overview The teletext can only be reached when the channels are installed directly on the TV s internal tuner and the set is on TV mode If a set top box is being used the teletext will be unavailable via TV In that case the set top box s teletext can be used instead Text Options In Text Teletext press OPTIONS to select the followin...

Page 26: ...al minutes TV guide data is stored on TV Tune to a Programme Switch to a programme From the TV guide you can switch to a current programme To select a programme use the arrow keys to highlight the programme name Navigate to the right to view programmes scheduled later that day To switch to the programme channel select the programme and press OK View programme details To call up the details of the ...

Page 27: ...PORT There are no contracts and no monthly costs you re in control For detail please visit https www freeview co uk Freeview Play is only for UK models 9 2 Using Freeview Play To open Freeview Play 1 Press Home to open the home menu 2 Press right to overview available Freeview players apps or select Explore Freeview Play to enter Freeview Play page 3 You can press Search or enter a keyword in sear...

Page 28: ...n browse and play your files 4 To stop playing videos photos and music press EXIT 10 3 Photos View Photos 1 Press SOURCES select USB and press OK 2 Select USB Flash Drive and press right to select the USB device you need 3 Select Photo you can press Sort to browse your photos by day month or year 4 Select one of photos and press OK to view the selected photo To view photos select Photos in the men...

Page 29: ...ilable Audio language Select audio language if available Status Display the information of the video file Repeat Play once Play videos repeatedly or once Subtitle settings Set the Font size Subtitle colour Subtitle position and Time sync offset if the options are available Video Options When browsing video files press OPTIONS to List Thumbnails View video files with list view or thumbnails view Su...

Page 30: ...Install channels Update channels or start a complete new channel installation Picture style Select one of preset picture styles for ideal picture viewing Picture format Select one of preset picture format which fits the screen Sound style Select one of preset sound styles for ideal sound settings Audio out Set the TV to play the sound on TV or on the connected audio system Sleep timer Set the TV t...

Page 31: ...on Dark HDR Game Colour Contrast Sharpness Brightness Adjust the picture colour Home Settings All settings Picture Colour Press the arrows up or down to adjust the colour saturation value of the picture Adjust the picture contrast Home Settings All settings Picture Backlight contrast Press the arrows up or down to adjust the contrast value of the picture You can decrease contrast value to reduce p...

Page 32: ...rom an Internet source e g Netflix or from a connected USB memory device The TV will automatically switched to HDR mode with indication TV supports following HDR formats Hybrid Log Gamma HDR10 HDR10 and Dolby Vision but it is subject to the availability of such HDR format in content providers Dynamic Contrast Home Settings All settings Picture Expert mode settings Dynamic contrast Select Maximum M...

Page 33: ... top or bottom or at both sides you can adjust the picture to fill the screen completely To select one of the basic settings to fill the screen Wide screen automatically zooms in the picture to 16 9 full screen Picture content aspect ratio may change Fill screen automatically enlarges the picture to fill the screen Picture distortion is minimal subtitles remain visible Not suitable for PC input So...

Page 34: ...alizer Select On to enable intelligent equalizer adjustment based on audio content and custom settings Custom AI Equalizer Home Settings All settings Sound Personal mode settings Custom AI Equalizer Press the arrows up or down to adjust the equalizer settings Note To restore the Personal mode to its original setting select back to Sound style then press Restore style TV Placement Home Settings All...

Page 35: ...ompressed If your audio playback devices have no multichannel sound processing select to only output stereo content to your audio playback devices Multichannel Select to output multichannel audio content compressed multichannel sound signal or stereo audio content to your audio playback devices Multichannel bypass Select to send original bitstream from HDMI ARC to the connected HDMI Sound System M...

Page 36: ...ings All settings General settings USB keyboard settings To install the USB keyboard switch on the TV and connect the USB keyboard to one of the USB connections on the TV When the TV detects the keyboard for the first time you can select your keyboard lay out and test your selection Mouse Settings Home Settings All settings General settings Mouse settings Adjust the motion speed of the USB mouse H...

Page 37: ...Sound style to Game whenever it is informed by the HDMI device connected to TV Note To watch HDR10 or Dolby Vision content from HDMI source you may need to power off your player and power on again when the player connected to TV playing such content for the first time HDR10 or Dolby Vision content is supported only when HDMI Ultra HD is set to Optimal or Optimal Auto Game Auto Movie Mode Set the A...

Page 38: ...e to USB drive Delete demo file Home Apps Demo me Manage demos Delete Delete demo file from your TV Configuration of demo Home Apps Demo me Manage demos Configuration Set the TV to Main TV or Sub TV Download new demo file Home Apps Demo me Manage demos Download new If the Configuration is set to Main TV you can download new demo file Auto delay setting Home Apps Demo me Manage demos Auto delay set...

Page 39: ...ew code or reset change code The child lock code is used to lock or unlock channels or programmes Note If you forgot your PIN code you can override the current code use 8888 and enter a new code Lock for Programme Home Settings All settings Child lock Parental rating Set a minumum age to watch rated programmes App lock Home Settings All settings Child lock App lock You can lock apps unsuited for c...

Page 40: ... Settings All settings Region and language Clock Auto clock mode Manual Home Settings All settings Region and language Clock Date Time Go to previous menu and select Date and Time to adjust the value Note If none of the automatic settings display the time correctly you can set the time manually The Auto clock mode setting will be back to Automatic after the TV power is turned off and on again Set ...

Page 41: ...ill be shown when the connection is successful Turn Wi Fi On or Off Home Settings All settings Wireless and networks Wired or Wi Fi Wi Fi On Off Wired Connection What You Need To connect the TV to the Internet you need a network router with a connection to the Internet Use a high speed broadband connection to the Internet Make the Connection Home Settings All settings Wireless and networks Wired o...

Page 42: ...onnection Home Settings All settings Wireless and networks Wired or Wi Fi Wi Fi On Off You can switch on or off Wi Fi connection on your TV Reset Screen Mirroring connection Home Settings All settings Wireless and networks Wired or Wi Fi Reset Screen Mirroring connection Clear the list of connected and blocked devices that are used with Screen Mirroring TV network name Home Settings All settings W...

Page 43: ...them are not tailored for a TV screen Some plug ins e g to view pages or videos are not available on your TV Internet pages are shown one page at a time and full screen 13 3 App Gallery Open the App Gallery in Smart TV to browse the Apps the collection of tailored websites for TV Find the App for YouTube videos a national newspaper an online photo album etc There are Apps to rent a video from an o...

Page 44: ... Netflix menbership subscription you can enjoy Netflix on this TV Your TV must be connected to the Internet To open Netflix press to open the Netflix App You can open Netflix immediately from a TV in standby www netflix com 44 ...

Page 45: ...blockbusters award winning classics and TV series available instantly Press the key on your remote control or the app icon to open the Rakuten TV app Your TV must be connected to the Internet to use the app For more information about Rakuten TV please visit www rakuten tv 45 ...

Page 46: ... to thousands of popular movies and TV show including exclusive Prime Originals Press the app icon to open the Amazon Prime Video app Your TV must be connected to the Internet to use the app For more information about Amazon Prime Video please visit www primevideo com 46 ...

Page 47: ...ideos that uploaded by YouTube users around the world Use the YouTube app to explore the latest topics on music news and more Press the app icon to open the YouTube app Your TV must be connected to the Internet to use the app For more information about YouTube please visit www youtube com 47 ...

Page 48: ...accessible through the product may be changed discontinued removed suspended or terminated without notice 18 2 Using Alexa To use Alexa you need to first setup the Alexa client service on your Philips Smart TV Start the setup by launching the Amazon Alexa app from the Home screen of your TV Follow the instructions and complete the following steps Select a name for your Smart TV for Alexa to recogn...

Page 49: ...t to control your TV with voice commands 5 On Google Home app select Set up device then click Search for TV to find your TV Sign in to link to your Google account and enable TV control on Google Home app 6 You can use Google Assistant to turn on your TV using voice command For this the TV needs to remain in a special power mode which may result in slightly higher power consumption during standby Y...

Page 50: ...self about the local separate collection system for electrical and electronic products Please act according to your local rules and do not dispose of your old products with your normal household waste Correct disposal of your old product helps to prevent potential negative consequences for the environment and human health Your product contains batteries covered by the European Directive 2006 66 EC...

Page 51: ... cm 50 inch 55PUS75x6 139 cm 55 inch 65PUS75x6 164 cm 65 inch Display resolution 3840 x 2160 21 4 Supported Input Resolution Video Support Timing Video support timing also includes field frame rate 23 976Hz 29 97Hz and 59 94Hz HDMI 480i 480p 576i 576p 720p 1080i 1080p 3840 x 2160p 24Hz 25Hz 30Hz 50Hz 60Hz HDMI UHD Home Settings General settings Input sources HDMI port HDMI Ultra HD This TV can dis...

Page 52: ...altic Maximum Supported Data Rate MPEG 4 AVC H 264 is supported up to High Profile L5 1 30Mbps H 265 HEVC is supported up to Main Main 10 Profile up to Level 5 1 40Mbps VC 1 is supported up to Advanced Profile L3 Image Codec JPEG GIF PNG BMP Wi Fi Certified This TV is Wi Fi Certified device Supported media server software You can use any DLNA V1 5 certified media server software You can use the Ph...

Page 53: ...of the TV as it cools and warms up This does not affect performance The TV goes back to standby after showing the Philips startup screen When the TV is in standby a Philips startup screen is displayed then the TV returns to standby mode This is normal behaviour When the TV is disconnected and reconnected to the power supply the startup screen is displayed at the next startup To switch on the TV fr...

Page 54: ...ite but cannot find a second one turn the dish a few degrees Align the dish to get the strongest signal on the first satellite Check the signal strength indicator of the first satellite on screen Check if the settings are set to two satellites Changing the installation settings did not solve my problem All settings satellites and channels are only stored at the end of the installation when you fin...

Page 55: ...d at startup the TV is in Shop location Set the TV to Home location for use at home Home Settings All settings General settings Location Picture does not fit the screen Wrong or unstable picture size Picture position is incorrect If the picture size its aspect ratio does not fit the screen with black bars on the top and bottom or left and right side of the screen press Home Settings All settings P...

Page 56: ...s compliant as described in the storage device s documentation Check if the USB storage device is compatible with the TV Check if the audio and picture file formats are supported by the TV For more information in Help press the colour key Keywords and look up Multimedia Choppy playback of USB files The transfer performance of the USB storage device may limit the data transfer rate to the TV which ...

Page 57: ...d on the back of the TV Never connect the TV to the power outlet if the voltage is different Stability Hazards A television set may fall causing serious personal injury or death Many injuries particularly to children can be avoided by taking simple precautions such as ALWAYS ensure the television set is not overhanging the edge of the supporting furniture ALWAYS use cabinets or stands or mounting ...

Page 58: ...ed in temperatures below 5 C or 41 F unpack the TV and wait until the TV temperature reaches room temperature before connecting the TV to the power outlet Humidity In rare occasions depending on temperature and humidity minor condensation can occur on the inside of the TV glass front on some models To prevent this do not expose the TV to direct sunlight heat or extreme humidity If condensation occ...

Page 59: ... the TV indicates risk of electric shock Never remove the TV cover Always contact Philips TV Customer Care for service or repairs Find the telephone number in the printed documentation that came with the TV Or consult our website www philips com TVsupport and select your country if needed Any operation expressly prohibited in this manual or any adjustments and assembly procedures not recommended o...

Page 60: ...l are registered trademarks of Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Manufactured under license from Dolby Laboratories Confidential unpublished works Copyright 2012 2021 Dolby Laboratories All rights reserved 25 4 DTS HD DTS HD For DTS patents see http patents dts com Manufactured under license from DTS Licensing Limited DTS the Symbol DTS and the Symbol together DTS HD Play Fi the DTS HD logo...

Page 61: ...ard It offers functional improvements over sh for both programming and interactive use In addition most sh scripts can be run by Bash without modification Source http www gnu org software bash c ares 1 10 0 c ares is a C library that performs DNS requests and name resolves asynchronously Source http c ares haxx se coreutils 6 9 The GNU Core Utilities are the basic file shell and text manipulation ...

Page 62: ...dler wrote the decompression part Source http www gnu org software gzip inetutils 1 4 2 Inetutils is a collection of common network programs Source http www gnu org software inetutils iptables 1 4 15 For Cross connection Source http www netfilter org projects iptables iputils s20101006 The iputils package is set of small useful utilities for Linux networking It was originally maintained by Alexey ...

Page 63: ...the hardware drivers and the upper layers of the system Hardware drivers need to know nothing about the storage formats used such as FTL FFS2 etc but will only need to provide simple routines for read write and erase Presentation of the device s contents to the user in an appropriate form will be handled by the upper layers of the system This piece of software is made available under the terms and...

Page 64: ...viously created archives to extract files to store additional files or to update or list files which were already stored Source http www gnu org software tar u Boot 2011 12 The uboot will load the linux kerenl to dram and jump to run This piece of software is made available under the terms and conditions of the u Boot loader license which can be found below Source http www denx de udhcpc 0 9 8cvs2...

Page 65: ...ices and or software offered by third parties Services and or software offered by third parties may be changed suspended or terminated without prior notice TP Vision does not bear any responsibility in these sorts of situations 65 ...

Page 66: ...olby Vision Notification 33 Dynamic Contrast 32 E End of Use 50 Energy Saving 37 European Eco label 50 F Favourite Channel Channel Range 23 Favourite Channel Create 23 Favourite Channel Edit 23 Favourite Channels 24 G Gamma 32 General Settings 36 Get Support 4 Google Assistant 49 H HbbTV 36 HDMI 13 HDMI ARC 14 HDMI CEC 36 HDMI Sound System 34 HDMI Ultra HD 37 HDR 32 Headphone Connection 14 Headpho...

Page 67: ...nguage 39 Switch Off Timer 37 Switch On with Wi Fi 41 Switching On 12 T Teletext 25 Text 25 Time 40 Time Zone 40 Troubleshooting 53 TV Guide 26 TV Information 4 TV Network Name 41 TV Placement 34 TV Speaker 34 U Ultra resolution 32 Universal Access 38 Universal Access Audio Description 38 Universal Access Audio Effects 38 Universal Access Hearing Impaired 38 Universal Access Mixed Volume 38 Univer...

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