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PROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION

Sol THEORY OF OPERATION SECTION VIII

The A-to-B jumper is installed when the 8080A or 8080A-1 CPU

is used in the Sol. Note that the output (

φ

2) on pin 11 of NAND gate

U91 is low only when the output on pin 3 of NOR gate U91 is high.
(This section in U91 is actually a two-input NAND gate which is func-
tionally the same as a two-input NOR gate.) Pin 3 of U91, with the
A-to-B jumper in, is high when either the second (B) or third (C) U90
stage is at zero. As shown in Figure 8-1, this occurs between the
sixth and tenth DOT CLOCKS, or 280 nsec (4 x 70 nsec), for 2.04 MHz
operation. For 2.863 MHz, it occurs between the fifth and eighth
DOT CLOCKS for 210 nsec. The section of NAND gate U91 with its out-
put on pin 11 inverts the output on pin 3 of U91 and introduces a

slight delay to insure there is no overlap between

φ

1 and

φ

2.

With the A-to-B jumper out, pin II of U91 is low only when
the second stage (B) of U90 is at zero. At 2.386 MHz, this occurs
between the fifth and eighth DOT CLOCKS for 210 nsec. This configu-
ration is used for the 8080A-2 CPU.

In summary, we have two non-overlapping pulse trains which
represent the 01 and 02 clocks required by the 8080 CPU, and the
pulse widths of these two clocks vary with frequency as follows:

FREQUENCY

φ

1 PULSE WIDTH

φ

2 PULSE WIDTH CPU

2.045 MHz 140 nsec 280 nsec 8080A
2.386 MHz 70 nsec 210 nsec 8080A-2
2.863 MHz 70 nsec 210 nsec 8080A-1

φ

1 and

φ

2 are applied to S-100 Bus pins 25 and 24 respectively

through inverters (U92) and bus drivers (U77). They are also capaci-
tively coupled to pins 2 and 4 respectively of driver U104, the phase
clock conditioner.

An additional clock, called CLOCK, is taken from pin 8 of

NAND gate U91. It occurs 70 nsec after

φ

2. It is used on the Sol-PC

and is also made available on S-100 Bus pin 49 as a general 2.04,
2.38 or 2.86 MHz clock signal.

Three J-K flip-flops (U63 and 64) are used to synchronize the
READY, RESET and HOLD inputs to the CPU. All three are connected as
D-type flip-flops so that their outputs follow their inputs on the
low-to-high transition of the clock. The READY flip-flop input on
pins 2 and 3 of one section in U63 is either PRDY or XRDY from the
S-100 Bus; these are normally pulled high by R34 and R12 respectively.
S-100 Bus signal !PRESET, which is normally pulled high by R55, inputs
the RESET flip-flop, the other section of U63. The HOLD flip-flop
(U64) input is !P_HOLD, normally pulled high by R56, from the S-100
Bus. Pull up resistors R51, R50 and R53 insure that the high states
of these three flip-flops are adequate for the CPU.

VIII-10

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Summary of Contents for Sol-PC

Page 1: ...Sol SYSTEMS MANUAL 6200 Hollis Street Emeryville CA 94608 Phone 415 652 8080 Copyright 1976 1977 Processor Technology Corporation Third Printing June 1977 Manual No 106000...

Page 2: ...making this manual complete and accurate The process of updating and revision always continues however and we invite your input find an error If you should documentation or have suggestions for impro...

Page 3: ...EST III Sol PC ASSEMBLY and TEST IV PERSONALITY MODULE ASSEMBLY V KEYBOARD ASSEMBLY and TEST VI Sol CABINET CHASSIS ASSEMBLY VII OPERATING PROCEDURES VIII THEORY OF OPERATION IX SOFTWARE X DRAWINGS AP...

Page 4: ...2 59 and 75 III 23 3 7 U14 through U21 socket jumpers III 24 3 8 Display circuits test pattern III 25 3 9 CPU Functional Test No 1 display III 29 3 10 CPU Functional Test No 2 display III 31 3 11 Pers...

Page 5: ...Regulator Parts List II 2 3 2 2 Sol 10 Power Supply Parts List II 4 2 3 Sol 20 Power Supply Parts List II 4 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 l 6 2 7 l 7 2 7 3 7 4 7 5 Sol PC Parts List PM2708 Personality Module Parts L...

Page 6: ...nd GENERAL INFORMATION 1 1 Introduction I 1 1 2 General Information I 2 1 2 1 Sol PC Description I 1 1 2 2 Receiving Inspection I 2 1 2 3 Warranty Information I 2 1 2 4 Replacement Parts I 2 1 2 5 Fac...

Page 7: ...display generator 1024 8 bit words of system RAM random access memory 1024 8 bit words of display RAM and a plug in personality module with up to 2048 bytes of ROM read only memory stored pro gram and...

Page 8: ...cassette tape editing transmission operations SOLOS TM allows full stand alone terminal computer operation 1 2 2 Receiving Inspection When your kit arrives examine the shipping container for signs of...

Page 9: ...writing us a letter describing the problem After you receive our authorization to return the unit proceed as follows 1 Write a description of the problem 2 Pack the unit with the description in a con...

Page 10: ...3 Assembly Tips II 5 2 3 1 Electrical II 5 2 3 2 Mechanical II 5 2 4 Assembly Precautions 11 5 2 5 Required Tools Equipment and Materials II 6 2 6 Orientation II 6 2 6 1 Sol REG PC Board II 6 2 6 2 F...

Page 11: ...Subchassis and Components In addition to the Sol REG you will need the following parts and components supplied with the Sol Cabinet Chassis Kit Check these parts against the appropriate Parts List s...

Page 12: ...att 5 2 2500 ufd tubular electrolytic 1 330 ohm 1 4 watt 5 1 18 000 ufd electrolytic 2 1 K ohm 1 4 watt 5 4 10 K ohm 1 4 watt 5 1 56 K ohm 1 4 watt 5 1 1690 ohm 1 4 watt 5 1 4020 ohm 1 4 watt 5 CABLE...

Page 13: ...Video Output 1 Coax Connector male Video Output Cable 1 Coax Connector Adapter Sleeve Video Output Cable 1 AC Receptacle female 1 Fuse Holder 1 SPST Power Switch pushbutton S5 1 AC Power Cord 2 Commo...

Page 14: ...hassis mounted component Table 2 3 Sol 20 Power Supply Parts List The Sol 20 Power Supply Kit includes all Sol REG parts listed in Table 2 l plus the following components _ RESISTORS 1 39 ohm 2 watt 5...

Page 15: ...all for prethreading holes This is done to make assembly easier by giving you maximum working space for installing relatively hard to drive sheet metal screws If you by pass prethreading instructions...

Page 16: ...0 40 rosin core solder supplied 8 Volt ohm meter 9 Ruler 2 6 ORIENTATION 2 6 1 Sol REG PC Board Location C5 2500 ufd capacitor will be located in the lower right hand corner of the circuit board when...

Page 17: ...crews from back side of fan closure plate Use the holes positioned in each quandrant of the large circular cutout Slip fan guard over screws on front side of plate Position fan so that air flow will b...

Page 18: ...ceptacle on front side of fan closure plate over the rectangular cutout below fuse holder Orient receptacle with green lead at the botton and align the receptacle and closure plate mounting holes Inse...

Page 19: ...ing block lugs position lug with its open side facing away from the terminal numbers on the block Then gently push lug into appropriate terminal receptacle until it is fully seated Install the 3 1 4 f...

Page 20: ...K 10 K 1690 4020 none orange orange brown brown black orange brown black red blue gray black brown black orange brown black red green blue orange brown black orange bronw blue white brown yellow black...

Page 21: ...he bottom and the base lead toward the right Step 17 Read assembly tip 6 on page 11 5 Apply heat sink compound to the inside of the small black star shaped cooling fin and install it with the cylinder...

Page 22: ...t sink and both sides of the mica insulator Bend the two outside leads of U3 slightly in toward the center lead insert ing holes as you did for U1 and fasten U3 and PC board using a 6 32 x 1 2 Nylon s...

Page 23: ...ound to SCR1 the heat sink and both sides of the circular mica insulator Place the mica insulator between the heat sink and SCR1 insert leads and fasten SCR1 insulator and heat sink to PC board with a...

Page 24: ...ck wires together except for the last the commoning block lug end Twist the two green wires together for their full length Twist the two length yellow wires together for their full Twist the two blue...

Page 25: ...d spacers Place 4 lockwashers on two 4 40 x 3 16 binder or pan head screws and drive screws t through Sol REG board into spacers Step 32 Attach heat sink on Sol REG to power supply sub chassis as show...

Page 26: ...y subchassis as shown in drawing on Page X 2 Position ring over the three mounting holes in the side wall of subchassis so the clamping screw faces the bottom of sub chassis and so it will be accessib...

Page 27: ...d C8 and tighten clamping screw See Figure 2 5 S t e p 40 Prepare R13 39 ohm 2 watt for installation on C9 Solder a 10 lug to each lead of R13 Bend leads of R13 to fit the terminals of C9 R13 should f...

Page 28: ...age X 2 Two other wraps are supplied with your kit Use them as appropriate to make your power supply cabling neater Step 46 Using a 6 x 1 4 sheet metal screw attach fan closure plate to power supply s...

Page 29: ...ts locate and correct the cause before proceeding If the power supply is operating correctly turn on off switch OFF disconnect power cord set power supply to one side and go on to Section III Red Whit...

Page 30: ...3 3 4 Installing and Removing Integrated Circuits III 6 3 3 5 Installing and Removing Personalit Module III 6 3 3 6 Use of Clip Leads III 7 3 4 Required Tools Equipment and Materials III 7 3 5 Orienta...

Page 31: ...complete them This will minimize the chances of omitting a step or component 4 When installing components make use of the assembly aids that are incorporated on the circuit boards and the assembly dr...

Page 32: ...2 U53 60 4 74LS04 U24 45 49 54 4 7 1 1 16 1 74S04 U92 7406 U57 87 74LS10 U47 61 74LS20 U23 59 83 74LS86 U74 74LS109 U43 52 63 64 70 72 73 75 74LS136 U22 74LS138 U34 35 36 74LS157 U12 30 32 74LS163 or...

Page 33: ...eter watt 5 watt 5 watt 5 watt 5 watt 5 CAPACI TORS 1 10 pfd disc 1 330 pfd disc 1 470 pfd disc 3 680 pfd monolythic or disc ceramic labeled 681 and usually blue 6 001 ufd 2 001 ufd 2 01 ufd 37 047 uf...

Page 34: ...ohm Coaxial Cable 1 Tie Wrap for Coaxial Cable 2 Mounting Bracket Sol 1040 2 Card Guide SAEl250F 10 4 Lockwasher internal tooth 2 4 Insulating Washer 4 4 40 x Binder Head Screw 6 4 40 x 7 16 Binder H...

Page 35: ......

Page 36: ...pad or trace to lift off the board and permanently damage the board 6 The Sol PC uses circuit boards with plated through holes Solder flow through to the component front side of the board can produce...

Page 37: ...mount of 24 solid wire Volt ohm meter Video monitor or monochrome TV converted IC test clip optional Oscilloscope optional for video input 3 5 ORIENTATION Sol PCB Location J5 personality plug in modul...

Page 38: ...12 volt bus and 12 volt bus are not shorted to each other or to ground Using an ohmmeter on OHMS X 1K or OHMS X 10K scale make the following measurements refer to Sol PC Assembly Drawing X 3 5 volt B...

Page 39: ...circuit board and assembly drawinq Take care not to create solder bridges between the pins and or traces Refer to footnotes at end of this step before installing U105 INSTALLATION TIP Insert socket p...

Page 40: ...pin U113 14 pin Spare locations not used Note that U105 notch is positioned at the top Step 2 Install the following capacitors in the indicated locations Take care to observe the proper value type an...

Page 41: ...N C19 047 Disc None C20 047 C21 047 C24 047 C25 047 C26 047 C33 047 C38 047 C40 15 Tantalum lead bottom C41 047 Disc None C42 047 C45 047 C56 047 C58 15 Tantalum lead top C59 15 Tantalum lead top C60...

Page 42: ...ight Dll with its band at the bottom and D12 with its band at the top NOTE The leads of D12 and its mounting holes are a snug fit Take care when instal ling this diode Step 9 Install the following res...

Page 43: ...the jumper area labeled CLK on the assembly drawing between U90 and U91 install Augat pins in mount ing holes A B C D and E Refer to Installing Augat Pins in Appendix IV Using 24 bare wire install a j...

Page 44: ...16 Check clock circuits If you have an oscilloscope use part A of this step If you do not use part B A Oscilloscope Check Using an oscilloscope check for the waveforms given in Figure 3 2 on Page 111...

Page 45: ...s is not a U77 Oscillator perfect square wave It in fact more Pin 7 Output resembles a poor sine wave 4V U91 Clock 70 Pin 6 Divider ns 430 ns Output Gnd 4V U91 Clock Pin 11 Divider 270 ns 230 ns Outpu...

Page 46: ...re 1 5 V dc or higher A significantly lower reading indicates a faulty oscillator circuit At pin 6 of U91 you should measure 0 25 V dc or higher A significantly lower reading indicates a faulty clock...

Page 47: ...green red R84 3 3M orange orange green R85 1 5K brown green red R86 1 5K R87 330 orange orange brown R88 680 blue gray brown R89 1 5K brown green red R90 1 5K R96 1 5K R97 1 5K R98 10 K brown black or...

Page 48: ...elow and to the right of U88 The emitter lead closest to tab on can is oriented toward the left of the board and the base is oriented toward the bottom Push straight down on transistor until it is sto...

Page 49: ...D TIEING USE AN ADHESIVE SUCH AS SILICONE CONTACT CEMENT OR FINGERNAIL POLISH DO NOT USE WATER BASE ADHESIVES Step 22 Install 6 position DIP switch in location S1 on left end of board Position Switch...

Page 50: ...5 approximate actual waveforms If any waveforms are incorrect determine and correct the cause before proceeding with assembly NOTE Irregularities up to 1 volt are accept able on positive portions of w...

Page 51: ...TERMINAL COMPUTER TM SECTION III CHECK POINT 4 V U28 Pin 12 Gnd U47 Pin 8 U59 Pin8 U43 Pin9 WAVEFORM ti O 250 ns 1 i 600 ns 64 us 9f 550 ns 800 us U88 Pin 10 4 us 62 us U88 Pin 4 C 0 6 ms 16 2 ms Figu...

Page 52: ...for an out of sync raster numerous black lines cutting across the raster and a stable raster If you cannot obtain these conditions locate and correct the cause before proceeding NOTE For a stable pre...

Page 53: ...5L5175 U44 74L500 U61 74L510 U89 74L5367 MOS device Refer to CAUTION on Page 111 8 Step 28 Check display circuits Set Si switches as follows No 1 through 5 OFF No 6 ON Remove U42 and bend pin 6 out 45...

Page 54: ...1 U21 Pin l2 to l6 U14 U15 U16 U17 U18 U19 U20 U21 Figure 3 7 U14 through U21 socket jumpers Turn monitor on and apply power to Sol PC Momentarily ground pin 1 of U2 and pin 5 of U75 The display shown...

Page 55: ...1 Dots on the assembly drawing and PC board legend indicate the location of pin 1 of each IC CAUTION IC s U14 THROUGH U21 ARE MOS DEVICES RE FER TO CAUTION ON PAGE 111 8 BEFORE YOU INSTALL THESE IC s...

Page 56: ...d U47 Position D7 with its dark band cathode at the bottom Step 32 Install 20 pin header in location J3 keyboard in terconnect between U64 and U65 Position header so pin 1 is in the upper left corner...

Page 57: ...following voltage measurements MEASUREMENT POINT VOLTAGE Pin 11 of U105 Socket Pin 20 of U105 Socket Pin 28 of U105 Socket 5 V dc 25v 5 V dc 25v 12 V dc 6 V Pin 1 of U51 Socket 5 V dc 25V Pin 2 of U51...

Page 58: ...U75 is grounded When you remove the ground the display shown in Figure 3 9 on Page III 29 should appear NOTE The pattern shown in Figure 3 9 delete characters results from all bits of the DIO Bus bei...

Page 59: ...erator U25 Step 40 Perform Functional Test No 2 of CPU circuits Check that Sl switches are set as specified in Step 38 Turn monitor on and apply power to Sol PC Momentarily ground pin 1 of U2 and pin...

Page 60: ...e Sol PC passes this test turn monitor and power supply off disconnect power cable and proceed to Step 43 Step 43 Install the following resistors in the indicated locations Bend leads to fit distance...

Page 61: ...ts over the mounting holes as shown in Figure 3 11 Insert screws from front component side of board place lockwasher on each screw on back solder side of board start nuts and tighten Figure 3 10 CPU F...

Page 62: ...or 2102L1PC U6 91LO2APC or 21O2L1PC U7 91LO2APC or 21O2L1PC U8 91LO2APC or 21O2L1PC U9 91LO2APC or 21O2L1PC U1O 91LO2APC or 2102L1PC U22 74LS136 U23 74LS20 U24 74LS04 U34 74LS138 U35 74LS138 U36 74LS...

Page 63: ...locations Bend leads Co fit distance between mounting holes insert leads pull down snug to board solder and trim LOCATION VALUE ohms COLOR CODE R21 470 yellow violet brown R22 470 watt R23 470 watt R...

Page 64: ...all diodes with their dark band cathode to the right Step 53 Install the following DIP switches in the indi cated locations Take care to observe proper orientation LOCATION TYPE ORIENTATION S2 8 posi...

Page 65: ...IC s in the indicated loca tions Pay careful attention to the proper orientation NOTE Dots on the assembly drawing and PC board indicate the location of pin 1 of each IC IC NO TYPE U37 74L5367 U38 14...

Page 66: ...wer supply off disconnect power cable and video output cable and go on to Step 60 Step 60 Install the following resistors in the indicated locations Bend leads to fit distance between mounting holes i...

Page 67: ...e jacks in locations J6 and J7 located to the right of UlOl Position J6 and J7 with jack facing right insert pins in mounting holes and solder Step 63 Install subminiature phone jacks in locations J8...

Page 68: ...orientation NOTE Dots on the assembly drawing and PC board indicate the location of pin 1 of each IC IC NO TYPE U69 TMS6011NC U98 4023 U99 4030 U100 4013 U10l 4027 U10S 1458CP or 1558CP U109 4049 U110...

Page 69: ...Otherwise leave the I to J jumper in and go on to Step 72 Step 72 Install 100 pin edge connector Jll Using two 4 40 x 7 16 binder head screws install 100 pin edge con nector in location Jil center of...

Page 70: ...swim effects to less than 0 1 Hz Some difficulty may be encountered in obtaining centering of the display within the frame This is because the stand off time to VSYNC from the bottom of the display is...

Page 71: ...arts and Components IV 1 4 2 Assembly Tips IV 1 4 3 Assembly Precautions IV 1 4 4 Required Tools Equipment and Materials IV 1 4 5 Orientation IV 1 4 6 Assembly Test IV 2 4 6 1 Circuit Board Check IV 2...

Page 72: ...08 Personality Module Parts List 1 PM2708 PC Board 1 or 4 l ufd Capacitor 1 or 2 9216 ROM or 2708 EPROM s Tantalum Dipped with Personality program 1 or 2 24 pin DIP Socket 1 74LS08 1 14 pin DIP Socket...

Page 73: ...2 ground and pin 24 5 volts There should be no continuity 5 volt Bus Test On Ul and U2 measure between pin 12 ground and pin 21 5 volts Thcrc should be no continuity 12 volt Bus Test Also on Ul measur...

Page 74: ...until they are at a 45 angIe to the board surface This secures the socket until it is soldered Repeat this procedure with each socket until all are secured to the board Then solder the pins on all soc...

Page 75: ...to the marking on the body of the capacitor Insert this lead in the hole marked on the PC board legend After inserting C5 remove it from the board before soldering to clear wax from the leads and hole...

Page 76: ...or scribe point so there is no longer continuity between these pads Form the clipping from a resistor lead or other small bare wire into a loop and insert this jumper between the 5V pad and the 21 pa...

Page 77: ...the table the 2708 EPROM s have paper labels with the designation shown while 9216 ROM s have the designation printed on the IC package itself IC LABEL IC NO TYPE CONSOL SOLOS U1 2708 C S4 2708 0 U2...

Page 78: ...d in Section IX of this manual If the ENter and Dump commands do not operate cor rectly locate and correct the problem before pro ceeding If the personality module is operating correctly turn monitor...

Page 79: ...1 Parts and Components V 1 5 2 Assembly Tips V 1 5 3 Assembly Precautions V 1 5 4 Required Tools Equipment and Materials V 1 5 5 Orientation V 1 5 6 Assembly Test V 3 5 6 1 Circuit Board Check V 3 5 6...

Page 80: ...ly precautions given in Para graph 3 3 in Section III Page III 6 apply to assembling the Sol keyboard 5 4 REQUIRED TOOLS EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS The following tools equipment and materials are recom m...

Page 81: ...r 83L34 U12 1 8574 74S287 or 82S129 U18 TRANSISTORS DIODES ZENER DIODES LIGHT EMITTING 6 2N3640 1 1N5221B D1 3 MV5752 LED1 2 3 3 2144274 RESISTORS CAPACITORS 1 10 ohm watt 5 2 220 pfd disc 3 150 ohm w...

Page 82: ...Y TEST 5 6 1 Circuit Board Check Visually inspect circuit board for obvious flaws The design of the board includes numerous unconnected traces and traces that are shorted to each other Check circuit b...

Page 83: ...es Refer to Installation Tip on Page 111 9 in Section III LOCATION TYPE SOCKET U1 and 2 16 pin U3 8 Pin U4 through U11 14 pin U12 16 pin U13 through U16 14 pin U17 through U19 16 pin U20 22 pin U21 an...

Page 84: ...TION VALUE ohms COLOR CODE R1 150 brown green brown R2 150 R3 150 R4 68 K blue gray orange R5 560 K green blue yellow R6 33 K orange orange orange R7 1 K brown black red R8 1 5K brown green red R9 3 K...

Page 85: ...xt to the foil square on the circuit board Recheck values before soldering CAUTION THESE RESISTOR NETWORKS ARE DELICATE HANDLE WITH CARE Step 7 Install light emitting diodes LED1 2 and 3 MV5752 in the...

Page 86: ...U7 74LS132 U8 74LS74 U9 74LS74 U10 74LS00 U11 74LS74 U12 8334 9334 or 83L34 U13 74LS10 U14 74LS00 U15 74LS74 U16 74LS00 U17 7442 U18 8574 74S287 or 82S129 U19 4051A U20 2101 or 9101 U21 7442 U22 4051A...

Page 87: ...oard assembly carefully over key pads on PC board Be sure the three LED s fit in the holes in the sheet metal Carefully align holes in PC board 18 in all with threaded mounting holes on bottom of keyb...

Page 88: ...of the preceding checks locate and correct the problem before proceeding If the keyboard passes all of the preceding tests congratulations on a job well done At this point you have successfully assem...

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Page 109: ...arallel data interfaces J1 and J2 2 using audio cassette recorders and 3 changing the fuse 7 2 THE OPERATING CONTROLS Sol operating controls are identified and their functions briefly defined in Table...

Page 110: ...r full duplex operation for SDI Keyboard See Figure 7 4 Data entry mode selection command input and cursor control can understand and run All programs must ultimately be reduced to this basic level to...

Page 111: ...y for use as soon as the tape has stopped moving The control of the computer is now taken over by the BASIC 5 program now in memory and SOLOS is no longer in command All the features of BASIC 5 langua...

Page 112: ...SOL functions while providing additional capabilities 7 4 GETTING ACQUAINTED WITH Sol One of the best ways to get acquainted with your Sol is to use it After connecting a cassette recorder and video m...

Page 113: ...into Motor I jack J8 on Sol rear panel and plug other end into REMOTE jack on recorder Step 5 Connect PL259 UHF connector on Video Cable to video output connector on Sol rear panel and connect other...

Page 114: ...PROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION Sol OPERATING PROCEDURES SECTION VII VII 6 Figure 7 1 Connecting the basic Sol system...

Page 115: ...4 5 6 7 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 FRONT OF Sol Figure 7 2 Sol control switch settings for terminal mode Step 7 continued SSW Switches S2 1 8 OFF BAUD RATE Switches S3 1 8 S3 4 ON all others OFF 300 Baud SDI Switc...

Page 116: ...the screen With CONSOL only the cursor will appear on the screen NOTE Use VR1 horizontal position and VR2 vertical position to center the display page 16 lines 64 characters line on the screen 4 Left...

Page 117: ...4 Step 15 Use the control sequences given in Table 7 4 on Page VII 18 to generate the indicated control characters Control characters are generated by pressing the CTRL control key and while holding...

Page 118: ...te in recorder If required fully rewind tape This can be done by disconnecting the REMOTE plug from the recorder and using the REWIND control on the recorder After rewinding reconnect REMOTE plug Step...

Page 119: ...SOL BASIC 5 READY Step 28 BASIC 5 is now ready for use Refer to your BASIC 5 User s Manual Become familiar with both BASIC 5 and the Sol keyboard Try some exercises in BASIC 5 Dump Operation The dump...

Page 120: ...n Page VII 25 If you made no mistakes press RETURN key The data entered in Step 34 now resides in locations C900 through C90F in the Sol memory Step 36 To verify that the data did indeed enter Sol mem...

Page 121: ...do not want control characters see Table 7 4 on Page VII 18 to be displayed on the screen In the OFF position control characters are displayed 7 5 4 Video Display POLARITY Switch S1 4 If you want a n...

Page 122: ...DO NOT SET MORE THAN ONE S3 SWITCH TO THE ON POSITION AT THE SAME TIME TO DO SO CAN DAMAGE YOUR Sol 7 5 8 Parity PS PI Switches S4 1 5 With these two switches you can select no parity parity even pari...

Page 123: ...n back side of Sol PC cut SDI operates at 9600 Baud when S3 8 is ON and all others OFF NOTE FOR REV D Sol PC BOARDS With S3 7 ON and all others OFF Baud rate is either 2400 K to M jumper not installed...

Page 124: ...nality module ALS 8 Sol RAM memory or some memory 7 6 THE KEYBOARD GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Sol Terminal Computer has ASCII 96 character keyboard Its key arrangment conforms with the QWERTY standard ty...

Page 125: ...three categories you will find the hexadecimal code generated and the symbol displayed in response to that code by either of the two possible character generators that can be supplied with your Sol th...

Page 126: ...PROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION Sol OPERATING PROCEDURES SECTION VII VII 18 Table 7 4 Sol Keyboard Assignments...

Page 127: ...PROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION Sol OPERATING PROCEDURES SECTION VII VII 19 Table 7 4 Sol Keyboard Assignments Continued See notes at end of this table Page VII 21...

Page 128: ...PROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION Sol OPERATING PROCEDURES SECTION VII VII 20 Table 7 4 Sol Keyboard Assignments Continued...

Page 129: ...isplayable and transmittable None means no code is generated or no symbol is displayed Return is defined in Section 7 7 11 and line feed in Section 7 7 12 on page VII 24 7 7 2 Space Bar Pressing the S...

Page 130: ...uence 7 7 8 SHIFT Key and SHIFT LOCK Key Indicator The SHIFT key generates no code and is thus not displayed It is interpreted as a direct internal operation and when pressed specifically shifts the k...

Page 131: ...PROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION Sol OPERATING PROCEDURES SECTION VII VII 23 Table 7 5 Control Character Symbols and Definitions...

Page 132: ...ssing LINE FEED shifted or unshifted generates the ASCII line feed character 0A which is not displayed and moves the cursor vertically downward one line This is the same action as a TTY line feed Line...

Page 133: ...t 7 8 2 Switching From Command To Terminal Mode To switch from command to terminal mode press UPPER CASE TERM and RETURN in that order Sol enters the terminal mode and all keyboard data will be sent t...

Page 134: ...aph 7 4 1 in this section Since the Sol has only one audio input and one audio output jack however the interconnect requirements for two recorders are somewhat different than for one You will need two...

Page 135: ...that the head s is on tape not leader no manual operations are needed to write on tape In the case of two recorders however Unit 1 and 2 must be specified in the SAVE command in order to select the d...

Page 136: ...Serial Data Interface SDI The Sol Serial Data Interface J1 is capable of driving an RS 232 device such as a modem or a current loop device such as the ASR33 TTY S3 Baud Rate and S4 Parity Word Length...

Page 137: ...or light on received data is ignored and keyboard data is not transmitted It is however looped back for display on the video monitor With the LOCAL light off received data is displayed and keyboard da...

Page 138: ...LTAGE Figure 7 6 Connecting Sol SDI to current loop device such as TTY Available at bit 1 of port F8 Terminal mode software SOLOS et al does not use this signal and transmits data whether or not the m...

Page 139: ...f disconnect power cord turn fuse post cap one quarter turn counterclockwise pull straight out and remove fuse from cap To install a fuse insert fuse in cap push in and turn one quarter turn clockwise...

Page 140: ...4 8 5 3 Input Output VIII 18 8 5 4 Display Section VIII 22 8 5 5 Audio Tape I O VIII 33 8 6 KEYBOARD VIII 38 8 6 1 Block Diagram Analysis VIII 38 8 6 2 Circuit Description VIII 39 TABLES AND ILLUSTRAT...

Page 141: ...100 bus structure used in other 8080 microprocessor based computers and incorporates all of the circuitry needed to perform either function In essence Sol combines a central processor unit CPU with se...

Page 142: ...e these signals for DMA transfers 4 Nine processor command and control lines Six of these are output signals from the CPU support logic three of them are input signals to the CPU support logic from me...

Page 143: ...SIS Sol PC 8 3 1 Functional Elements And Their Relationships As can be seen in the Sol block diagram on Page X 24 in Sec tion X timing signals for Sol are derived from a crystal controlled oscillator...

Page 144: ...the serial data interface SDI UART and provides ail frequencies required for Baud rates between 75 and 9600 It also supplies clock signals to the Cassette Data Interface GDI A UART controls data flow...

Page 145: ...ssure that the de vice properly transfers data with the CPU 8 3 2 Typical System Operation Basic Sol system operation is as follows The CPU fetches an instruction and in accordance with that instructi...

Page 146: ...ady status signal to the CPU on the Internal Data Bus When the program in ROM checks and finds the status signal the program enters the SDI routine and enables the transfer by switching the Data input...

Page 147: ...ndition When the output voltage falls below 5 volts pin 2 of U2 goes more negative than pin 3 This means pin 1 of U2 goes posi tive to supply more current to the base of Q1 The resulting in crease in...

Page 148: ...heir linear regions and C61 and 64 provide the required feedback loop through the crystal U77 a permanently enabled tri state non inverting buffer amplifier fur nishes a high drive capability This fun...

Page 149: ...86 MHz out put The timing for this option is also shown in Figure 8 1 Let s now put the D to C jumper in The feedback in this case is the NAND combination of the outputs from the second B and third C...

Page 150: ...080 CPU and the pulse widths of these two clocks vary with frequency as follows FREQUENCY 1 PULSE WIDTH 2 PULSE WIDTH CPU 2 045 MHz 140 nsec 280 nsec 8080A 2 386 MHz 70 nsec 210 nsec 8080A 2 2 863 MHz...

Page 151: ...VIII 11...

Page 152: ...low from pin 5 of U63 This helps prevent the CPU from starting in a crash condition The HOLD flip flop U64 however is not affected by the POC circuit and was clocked to a low on pin 7 well before the...

Page 153: ...DMA device or another processor assumes control of the S 100 Bus A second function of D0 7 is to output data from the CPU to the Bidirectional Data Bus Data out of the CPU is placed on this bus throug...

Page 154: ...EL on pin 1 of NAND gate U44 are possible When any of the four memory pages in the Sol are accessed MEM_SEL goes high and an inversion in U44 PAGE_CC is normally high appears as a low MPX_ADR_A and _B...

Page 155: ...36 and their associated logic U34 Address Page U35 Output Port and U36 Input Port are 3 to 8 line decoders which have three enable inputs G1 G2A and G2B G1 must be high and both G2A and B must be low...

Page 156: ...r memory reference is made U35 and 36 the Output and Input Port Decoders respectively decode the higher order eight address bits ADR8 15 All Sol ports have a hexadecimal F 1111 in their high order fou...

Page 157: ...l Data Bus into SDI UART PORT_OUT_F8 Clocks RTS request to send from bit 4 of Bidirectional Data Bus to pin 4 of SDI connector PORT_IN_FF Permits CPU to read data byte entered from Sense Switches PORT...

Page 158: ...bsence of POE at pin 15 of J2 pin 2 of U95 and 96 are low by virtue of the output on pin 8 of inverter U55 Note that the input to U55 is normally pulled up through R63 The POE provision permits tri st...

Page 159: ...in 13 of U70 goes low but before 500 nsec U70 is set by 2 and pin 10 goes low This low is buffered through U71 to INT0 to indicate the keyboard is ready to send data Reset of U70 occurs with a POC or...

Page 160: ...ounter the first stage output pin 12 is 76 8 KHz one half of 153 6 KHz the clock for U86 the se cond stage output pin 11 is 38 4 KHz one fourth of 153 6 KHz the third stage output pin 9 is 19 2 KHz on...

Page 161: ...13 of the other two U55 sections are low Thus data cannot be transmitted to pin 3 of NAND gate U55 and pin 11 of NOR gate U55 is held high to enable tri state driver U37 at pin 15 Data on pin 6 of U5...

Page 162: ...llowing level conversion and inversion in line re ceivers U38 data on these lines is gated through noninverting tri state buffers U37 to the Internal Data Bus when PORT_IN_F8 is active PORT_IN_F8 also...

Page 163: ...nes five through 13 are available to display characters that normally extend below the base line lower case g j p q and y plus the comma and semicolon Now that we have a feeling for how characters are...

Page 164: ...1 1011 13 O O O O O O O O O 000000000 blank 7 bit ASCII code for I illuminated dot Figure 8 2 Example of uppercase character I display SCAN CHARACTER LINE LINE COLUMN NO ADDRESS ADDRESS NO 1 2 3 4 5 6...

Page 165: ...trolled by the output on pin 7 of D flip flop U75 Pin 7 of U75 goes high when PAGE_CC the Display RAM is active and PSYNC 2 goes high which it does in the middle of PSYNC Pin 7 of U75 remains high for...

Page 166: ...zon tal sync pulse and C53 the length of the vertical sync pulse The starting times with respect to triggering are variable with vari able resistors VR1 HORIZ and VR2 VERT to provide continuous adjust...

Page 167: ...VIII 27...

Page 168: ...eriod equal to one character time COMP_BLANK is delayed two character times from the input on pin 4 of U42 COMP_BLANK is active low during nondisplaya ble portions of the video scan to override any vi...

Page 169: ...r Generator ROM when the latches are reset These latches are reset each time PAGE_CC is active by way of U75 a J K flip flop connected as a D flip flop and D flip flop U42 Q output pin 6 By outputting...

Page 170: ...mentioned this line in the ROM is blank Thus the first scan line of the third character row is blank The 7 bit ASCII code for the C 1000011 is input from the Display RAM to address the Character Gene...

Page 171: ...the horizontal scan line the Scan Counter changes to a binary count of 0001 which specifies scan line R1 in the Character Generator ROM The C and T are again called up from the Display RAM for the fi...

Page 172: ...out of Data Latch U26 is high D flip flop U42 sets for the time the ROM is active on the character and remains set during the period when video data is shifted out of U41 The output of U42 is gated hi...

Page 173: ...re scrolling is performed by changing the numbers in U2 and U13 without the need to reposition the text within the Display RAM The remaining circuit in the Display Section consists of transistor Q2 on...

Page 174: ...a multiple of the signal input on pin 14 of U110 The output of U110 is nominally 19 2 KHz The actual output is determined by the signal input which in turn is a function of tape speed In other words...

Page 175: ...ge of U101 are held high which allows the flip flop to change state on the rising edge of the clock The clock for U101 OUTPUT_CLOCK is 2400 Hz in the high speed mode or 4800 Hz in the low speed mode T...

Page 176: ...f U101 therefore operate as a frequency divider dividing the OUTPUT_CLOCK by two when the write data is a 1 and by four when the data is a 0 Thus in the low speed mode four cycles of the 1200 Hz repre...

Page 177: ...R gate is high The voltage across C49 under this condition is minimal When the output of U109 goes high C49 starts to charge through R118 until pin 9 of U99 crosses the threshold of that gate At this...

Page 178: ...be viewed as a 16 x 16 X Y matrix with X being the column and Y the row Conceptually a key depression increases the ca pacitance between the X and Y coordinates that uniquely define that key The Colum...

Page 179: ...vents the Sequence Detector from strobing additional data into the Output Latch The Function Latch and Decoder latches and decodes the Low Order Count from the Row Scanner when the function key column...

Page 180: ...elected when 1 is low the time U5 and U6 count During this time false binary signals can appear on the outputs of U5 and 6 The net effect is that only one of the 15 outputs from U17 and 21 will be low...

Page 181: ...a second pulse am plifier circuit that is analogous to transistors Q9 Q8 Q7 and Q4 respectively The output of this second amplifier which appears at the collector of Q3 is also connected to the base o...

Page 182: ...in U26 represents the preceding address We consequently call the KEY in U26 KEY_minus_1 and it is applied to pin 11 of U25 The remaining inputs to U25 are 1 2 an inverted 2 on pin 12 2 a repeat strobe...

Page 183: ...pplied to input pin 2 of another U26 D flip flop and to the Capacitance Keyswitch Detector as PKD PKD serves to lower the detector threshold that is the de tector offers less resistance to its input T...

Page 184: ...losed for the duration of the key closure SHIFT and SHIFT_LOCK on pins 11 and 10 respectively are applied through U23 inverter stages to NOR gates U13 and U14 These are connected as a cross coupled fl...

Page 185: ...cles following KEY If the key is held down U9 cannot shift since PKD minus I remains on preset input pins 4 and 10 When REPEAT exists at pin 13 of U16 pin 11 of U16 is low to inhibit U25 and U27 at pi...

Page 186: ......

Page 187: ...SECTION IX SOFTWARE Sol TERMINAL COMPUTERTM Processor Technology...

Page 188: ...tific Calculator and numerous game packages including a 8K assembly language version of STARTREK called TREK80 When power is applied to the Sol unit CONSOL initializes the system RAM area clears the s...

Page 189: ...ted when the RETURN key is pressed After the ENTER address RETURN sequence the Sol Dis plays a colon prompt character Values are then input one line at a time with each line terminated by a carriage r...

Page 190: ...speed operation as all standard Processor Technology Sol System Software is recorded at this speed 9 1 4 EXecute addr The execute command is used to run programs located in ex ternal memory CONSOL br...

Page 191: ......

Page 192: ...CUTER tm USER S MANUAL PROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY CORP SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY CORP 6200 Hollis Street P O Box 5260 Emeryville CA 94608 San Mateo CA 94402 415 652 8080 415 349 8080 C 1977 by Processor Technolo...

Page 193: ...ranty is made in lieu of any other warranty expressed or implied and is limited to repair or replacement at the option of Software Technology Corporation transportation and handling charges excluded T...

Page 194: ...gram designed to provide much of the power of SOLOS for the non Sol user Because SOLOS and CUTER have been designed to be compatible operating systems this manual will refer to SOLOS meaning the SOLOS...

Page 195: ...4 Terminal Command 5 Custom Command 5 III TAPE COMMANDS Tape Commands in Brief 6 Tape Commands in Detail Get a File from Tape into Memory 7 Get then Execute 7 Save a File 7 Catalog a File 7 IV SET CO...

Page 196: ...gister Usages 15 SOLOS Jump Table Defined 15 Jump Table 16 B System Entry Points 17 C SOLOS Input Entry Points SINP 17 AINP 17 D SOLOS Output Entry Points SOUT 17 AOUT 18 E SOLOS VDM Display Driver 18...

Page 197: ......

Page 198: ...grams and commands that execute programs after automatic loading EXCLUSIVE CASSETTE I 0 ROUTINES allow cassette files to be accessed on a byte by byte basis as though each file were a byte by byte dev...

Page 199: ...minal Mode CUST name addr Insert or remove a custom command Tape GET name unit addr Get a tape file into memory SAVE name unit addrl addr2 addr3 Save a file from memory to tape XEQ name unit addr Get...

Page 200: ...age Return Line Feed CRLF followed by a prompt SOLOS then awaits the entry of a COMMAND A COMMAND is processed upon receipt of a Carriage Return CR Pressing the MODE or Control key while awaiting a CO...

Page 201: ...at memory location specified by addr Example EXEC 200 Enter Command ENTR addr Example ENTR 500 C3 00 01 1000 05 Result Beginning at memory location 500 the follow ing data was entered C3 00 01 The ne...

Page 202: ...non SOLOS command is entered a separate table of custom commands in RAM will be searched The CUST command is used to enter and remove up to six custom command names from the custom command table Only...

Page 203: ...ecified by user at time file is created addr starting address of file size number of data bytes in file XEQ addr auto execute address word See Set Commands Section IV Error Messages Cassette error mes...

Page 204: ...specified by the header information The unit and addr are optional and operate the same as with the GET command Example XEQ FOCAL Result Gets then executes a program named FOCAL from tape unit 1 Save...

Page 205: ...NDS cont Note A very useful feature of the CAT command is to apply power to the tape units when needed to rewind tape Depressing the MODE or Control key will remove power from tape unit and return to...

Page 206: ...pe CRC Read errors Set Commands In Detail Set Speed of Display SET S 0 FF This command determines character display rate to the screen data 0 Fastest data FF Slowest Input Output Command Parameters Th...

Page 207: ...the new selected input pseudo port The Input Pseudo port parameter values are 0 Keyboard 1 Serial Input Port 2 Parallel Input Port 3 User defined by SET CIN command Example SET I 1 Result SOLOS would...

Page 208: ...A FILES Sign Bit 1 non execute Set Execute Command SET XEQ addr This command sets the auto execute address addr word into the tape header information when used in conjunction with the SAVE command Thi...

Page 209: ...es actually inputting the character along with STATUS The routine returns either a zero flag indicating no character is available or the character in Register A with a non zero flag The calling progra...

Page 210: ...d to zero but may be set to any number up to FF hex This command is useful when using output devices requiring a delay following a carriage return Example SET N 3 Result Every CRLF issued by SOLOS wil...

Page 211: ...uest either to a specific device a built in routine or a user written routine All non tape I O requests made to SOLOS are made with reference to one of the following pseudo ports PSEUDO PORTS FOR SOLO...

Page 212: ...nd mode processor The HL register pair is initialized to point to the very beginning of SOLOS It is at this point that the SOLOS jump table begins The user program may then use the address presented i...

Page 213: ...ory based on a header C016 WRBLK 3 Enter here to write one tape block from memory based on a header C019 SOUT 3 Enter here to output the character in register B to the current system output pseudo por...

Page 214: ...input pseudo port The current system input pseudo port is changed by the SET I command After setting register A this command proceeds by executing an AINP See below AINP entry point address C022 This...

Page 215: ...Control W ETB Move cursor up wrap mode one line 1A Control Z SUB Move cursor down wrap mode one line The escape key hex code 1B is also a special character to the VDM driver It initiates what is known...

Page 216: ...pressing the MODE or Control key In block transfers each request results in tape movement and a transfer of an information block to or from a location in memory SOLOS uses block by block access to pro...

Page 217: ...were about to read data from a file named POTTS for example and you had correctly opened the file with a header pointing to that name SOLOS when you first requested a data transfer would read past Fil...

Page 218: ...re no error returns Byte Access Data stored on or about to be stored on a tape should be considered a file In a SOLOS file data is stored one byte at a time as a string of bytes along the tape with no...

Page 219: ...ite type the File Header information will be transferred onto the file The entry point for FOPEN is C007 On entry Register A contains File 1 or 2 same as tape unit 1 or 2 Registers H L contain address...

Page 220: ...lag set Errors are caused by 1 file NOT open 2 file previously used for writing 3 CRC character error 4 pressing MODE or Control while actually reading from the tape Close File Routine FCLOS The Close...

Page 221: ...itches to the address at which CUTER is to be loaded The sense switches will be the hi order byte of the memory address with the lo order byte zero As an example Sense switches set to 34 hex will caus...

Page 222: ...2K 800 hex after the beginning of CUTER The first word of this area is used to contain the address for the user Input routine The second word will contain the address of the user Output routine Addre...

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