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nose up trim and decreasing airspeed adds a nose down trim (due to the decalage settings of 

the horizontal stabilizer, designed to produce negative lift at cruise airspeeds).  The point of 

this discussion is that the aircraft, by design, will fly approximately level (not climbing or 

descending) regardless of the power setting.  If you are holding forward pressure or back pres-

sure on the airplane to maintain level flight, chances are you have displaced the trim tab or you 

are at the wrong speed for the power setting.  Don’t fight the aircraft, allow it to establish an 

equilibrium before you start to second guess the trim setting.

Add power: the power creates a pitch down moment which increases airspeed.  The increased 

airspeed thus creates a pitch up moment and the aircraft balances at a new higher, cruise speed.

Reduce power: the loss of power creates a pitch up moment which decreases airspeed.  The 

decreased airspeed thus creates a pitch down moment and the aircraft balances a new, lower, 

cruise speed.

The balance of these forces will change depending on the location of the center of gravity of 

the aircraft.  Be prepared for unusual (more appropriately ‘unfamiliar’) behavior when you fly 

the airplane in different loading conditions.  Visualize the dynamics of trim and energy balance 

while in flight to help you understand the interaction between pitch trim, power settings and 

airspeed.

Steep Turns

Steep turns (60 degree bank) are an approved maneuver in the S-12 and pose no particular 

threat with the pilots prior understanding of the aircraft’s behavior.  

Remember that one of the most distinguishing characteristics of this plane is that it has very 

little momentum because of its low weight.  Because of this, it does not have the energy neces-

sary to carry it through a turn.  To change the direction of the airplane from straight and level 

requires acceleration, and acceleration requires energy.  In a larger airplane, a slight increase 

in throttle is enough energy for the turn because a certain amount can be robbed in the form 

of airspeed, without jeopardizing the safety of the maneuver.  In the S-12, the energy to turn 

is far greater with respect to the stored energy of level flight (momentum) and will rapidly 

decrease airspeed to the point of a stall.  The remedy is to dive rather sharply during the turn or 

to increase power as you begin banking the airplane.  Practice will tell you how much power is 

required, but for all practical purposes, from a cruise of 65mph, you should imagine adding full 

power throughout the turn to maintain your altitude.  Failure to do so will drop airspeed well 

below 50mph.

Auto-Steepening Tendency

During the flight testing phase the aircraft was put through nearly every conceivable flight atti-

tude likely to be encountered by the average pilot in most conditions.  The plane was not tested 

for aerobatics and other such maneuvers but during testing, one significant flight mechanics 

tendency was noticed.  After banking into a turn more than about 20 degrees, a certain amount 

of opposite aileron pressure is required to keep the bank from auto-steepening.  This charac-

teristic is due in part to the large wing and low airspeed.  In a tight turn at 65mph indicated 

airspeed, the outside wing is traveling significantly faster than the inside wing and as a result 

has more lift.  The remedy is to use a slight amount of opposite aileron.  The effect increases as 

the radius of the turn decreases (low airspeed steep banks will create the most dramatic tenden-

cies).  This can be a dangerous characteristic when flying at low altitudes in gusty winds so be 

sure to understand the aircraft intimately before taking it to low altitudes.

Power-Off Stalls

Stalls in the Rans S-12 are docile and easy to recover from.  Immediately after bring the power 

to idle, the nose must be aggressively raised to get a stall in the normal attitude.  If the nose is 

not brought up immediately and quickly, even full up elevator will not bring the nose up to the 

horizon and the plane will stall with a nose low attitude.  Either way, recovery from the stall is 

immediate following reduction of back pressure and the addition of power.  There is very little 

buffeting or any other pre-stall warning.  If the airplane is in a coordinated turn (climbing or 

diving) and the stall occurs rapidly enough, the high wing will drop bringing the aircraft to a 

level bank attitude when the stall occurs.  This behavior is the same when flaps are applied.  

Power-On Stalls

Power-on stalls are equally as easy to recover from and require a healthy amount of back stick 

to perform, especially with only one pilot at lower density altitudes.  At low takeoff weights 

and in high density air, the plane may not stall with full power and could simply mush along 

at a very nose high attitude.  There will be a considerable amount of noise and buffeting of the 

aircraft and it will require an excessive amount of back pressure to keep the airplane in this 

near-stall condition, which is instantly recovered from by reducing back stick pressure.

Skid and Slip Stalls

While not intended to be everyday maneuvers, stalls in slip or skid configurations possess no 

violent tendencies to spin but do require special pilot skill and as such are not recommended 

in most cases.  The S-12 for all practical purposes has shown its ability to recover from such 

a maneuver and that is about the extent of telling you about it in this manual.  Stalls should 

never be performed intentionally with the plane not in coordinated flight, to do so unknowingly 

is the first indication of a pilots lack of skill and awareness.

Stall Recovery Procedure

The standard stall recovery procedure is as follows: Stick forward, full power, retract flaps and 

immediately bring the nose up as airspeed hits 55mph.  Stalls will result in no more than 500 

feet of altitude lost, with proper piloting skills recoveries of less than 200 feet are common.

Forward Slips

The S-12 seems to behave rather erratically in forward slips and exhibits signs of instability 

and divergence.  For example after depressing the right rudder to get into a slip, the rudder 

pedal practically keeps itself depressed at low airspeeds, a condition called “overbalance.”  

This airplane is capable of slips and they do allow the pilot to quickly loose altitude but again 

this is an advanced maneuver for skilled pilots only.  The flight instruments are not accurate in 

a forward slip.  Practice slips at a higher altitude and use them only when comfortably above 

the ground.  Do not use slips for the last 500 feet of your decent to land.

PAGE 8

Summary of Contents for S-12

Page 1: ...omposite 3 blade Gear Reduction 1 2 27 Fuel G P H 4 1 gal 80 PERFORMANCE 0 MSL Take Off Roll 285 ft Rate of Climb 900 fpm Service Ceiling 14 000 ft Cruise 75 mph VNE 100 mph Stall Clean 42 mph Stall F...

Page 2: ...typographical fixes included Table of Contents Chapter 1 Familiarization Page 3 Learn the basic configuration and behavior of the airplane as well as the most impor tant operating rules regarding oper...

Page 3: ...approach The unwary pilot adding full power from an idle power setting at very low altitude and low airspeed will notice a very high stick force required to keep the nose in a climb attitude This air...

Page 4: ...ve himself 750 feet of runway If all conditions are in the pilots favor pilot skill sea level 15mph headwind solo pilot smooth runway no obstacles then 200 feet of runway can suffice for takeoff and 3...

Page 5: ...istry on behalf of the pilot to get a stubborn engine to idle when cold The starting carburetor sends a specific fuel air mixture to the engine which lets it run when cold it is only set for a conditi...

Page 6: ...d down for the large front wheel which is not in perfect balance In high crosswind operations you may have to compromise a bit and keep some weight on the nose for steering until you attain enough air...

Page 7: ...t pre heat time for the engine to warm up if you shut it off during flight in cold weather Emergency Procedures Off Field Emergency Landings In the case of an engine that will not start in flight firs...

Page 8: ...ht turn at 65mph indicated airspeed the outside wing is traveling significantly faster than the inside wing and as a result has more lift The remedy is to use a slight amount of opposite aileron The e...

Page 9: ...sewheel For example after touchdown on a rough field it is better to taxi the remaining distance required at 30mph with the nose off the ground than it is to taxi at 5mph with the nose on the ground I...

Page 10: ...in optional in Weight Arm Moment If combined pilot and passenger weight are between 108 and 345 pounds that CG will be acceptable regardless of fuel conditions However flying at the aft CG limit requi...

Page 11: ...nger by moving horizontally from total weight to the pilot passenger line then read down to moment Find fuel pounds and moment by reading along the fuel line to the total fuel on board in gallons read...

Page 12: ...assembly to the floor pan produce undue force and may eventually cause failure of the mounting tabs or other associated hardware This entire sub system should be inspected under load to ensure it s in...

Page 13: ...rectly near holes and joints and so forth the water will find it s way out of the plane After washing the aircraft a good automotive wax will help protect the airplane from the elements A good wax to...

Page 14: ...er tube to the bottom of the oil tank thru the dipstick hole Pump out all oil possible approximately 66 gallons Remove the oil filter carefully avoiding any excessive spills by placing rags underneath...

Page 15: ...llowing satisfactory completion of the required number of flight hours in the flight test area the pilot shall certify in the logbook that the aircraft has been shown to comply with FAR Section 91 319...

Page 16: ...74 www vdona com PS Engineering Inc 9800 Martel Road Lenoir City Tennessee 37772 423 988 9800 FAX 423 988 6619 www ps engineering com PM501 Intercom S N XA 07690 Ameri King Corporation 18842 Brookhurs...

Page 17: ...racks bends bolts lubricated Battery secure pins cracks wiring Pitot Static clear REMOVE COVER Left Fuselage Lexan scratches cracks Structure rivets Doors hinges handles Left Main Gear Leg cracks bend...

Page 18: ...00RPM Engine Start hot Choke OFF Throttle IDLE Area CLEAR Ignition BOTH Brakes ON Starter ENGAGE Oil PRESSURE Engine Warmup 2 minutes 2000RPM Continue 2500RPM Oil Temp 120F Taxi Checklist Brakes CHECK...

Page 19: ...gap oOil system integrity ooil coloration and age 50 hrs ooil quantity olines routed without interference and free of chaffing ooil overflow line routing and condition oconnections for tightness ooil...

Page 20: ...ts operating handbook with current weight and balance is on board the aircraft oinstru ment panel for structural integrity opitot and static tubes for cleanliness and line routing conflicts or chafing...

Page 21: ...ity 18 Gal Sight Gauge Markings Total Fuel On board 7 6 3 8 11 4 Full Capacity 18 Gal Sight Gauge Markings Total Fuel On board 7 6 3 8 11 4 SPINS PROHIBITED Amateur Built Aircraft This airplane is ama...

Page 22: ...gun voltmeter optical tachometer camera and or video camera feeler gauges spark plug gapping tool plastic brush floor jack antifreeze concentration checker Consumables paper filters paper towels rags...

Page 23: ...ufficient flaps roll tendencies wing washout wing high or low rudder and vertical stabilizer ball position wings level horizontal stabilizer stick position in trimmed flight prop pitch adjustments rev...

Page 24: ...ne within 10 feet of the ground or less preferably just a few feet and continually watch for the end of the runway Make any notes regarding the rigging of the aircraft after you stop the airplane Make...

Page 25: ...r this flight attitude What is the yaw tendency of the aircraft What is the roll tendency of the aircraft What other tendencies does the aircraft have Release the ailerons and use the rudder pedals to...

Page 26: ...e rudder pedals Use the controls to maintain straight and level at this setting What rudder input is required for straight and level What aileron input is required for straight and level What other te...

Page 27: ...do you expect What is the wind direction and speed What is the outside air temperature High performance takeoff Take out all flaps Climb at 65mph Continue climb to 1500AGL 4500MSL and to a nearby fie...

Page 28: ...ncy of the aircraft What other tendencies does the aircraft have Control the airplane in a straight and level attitude at this air speed Release the controls Does the airplane YAW first or ROLL first...

Page 29: ...ps Reduce power to enter slow flight near Vs0 What is the airspeed What is the RPM What tendencies does the aircraft have Add 2nd notch of flaps Reduce power to enter slow flight near Vs1 What is the...

Page 30: ...l for the follwing No flaps 1 Notch 2 Notches 3 Notches What tendencies What is the power on climbing stall speed for the following No flaps 1 Notch 2 Notches 3 Notches What tendencies What is the pow...

Page 31: ...gather during other flight tests i e with 10mph wind etc Lift and Drag performance Ratios Power on and off Climb for 1 minute and record the VSI reading along with actual altimeter readings at start...

Page 32: ...procedure What are the dangers What are the parameters FPM airspeed etc Lazy Eights What is the procedure What are the parameters altitude loss speed etc What are the dangers Chandelles What is the p...

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Page 35: ...Weight lbs Pilot and Passenger 49 in Aft Fuel 6 lb gal 78 in aft 1 8 g a l 1 0 5 reposition group to lower left at 1 1 1 120 1 090 1 060 1 030 970 940 910 880 820 790 760 730 1 150 1 000 850 700 83 8...

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