background image

The Falling Leaf Maneuver

A falling leaf maneuver can be done by an advanced pilot provided there is sufficient altitude 

to recover from an unwanted departure (spin).  Remember this plane is prohibited for inten-

tional spins and if you are uncomfortable with your ability to keep the plane out of a spin, then 

don’t do a falling leaf.  It is a mildly violent maneuver and does cause some significant stress 

on the airframe, thus should not be a regular maneuver or one that an amateur pilot toys with.  

Bring the nose up and add a slight amount of power (2500 or 3000RPM), keep the stick nearly 

full back to keep the plane in a stalled attitude.  Use the rudder pedals to maintain directional 

control by “stabbing” them with your feet.  DO NOT push a pedal down and hold it down.  If 

the plane banks left, stab the right rudder and immediately release it, then be prepared for stab-

bing the left rudder.  This maneuver can quickly accelerate into a spin with improper use of the 

rudders by the pilot.  If you loose positive control of the falling leaf maneuver, immediately 

push the stick forward and recover from the stall.  It will take a lot of practice to learn the 

ability to “predict” which rudder pedal to push and how hard to push it.  Falling Leaf is more 

magical than it is aerodynamically balanced.

Spins and Spin Recovery

While the S-12 is prohibited against intentional spins, it is the test pilot’s best recommendation 

to follow this technique to recover from unintentional spins:

 

1) throttle to idle and let go of the stick (or stick to neutral)

 

2) retract flaps (if extended)

 

3) apply rudder full opposite the direction of yaw

 

4) push the stick forward the amount necessary to unstall the wing

 

5) recover from the dive with no more than a 4G pull-up

Though not tested on N6167U, recovery from an unintentional spin using the above procedure 

should yield prompt and decisive control of the situation.

Lazy Eights and Chandelles

While they were performed in the flight testing phase, these maneuvers are not recommended 

in the S-12 until the pilot has had some aerobatic training.  The S-12 is a fragile aircraft and 

for the most part, if you are very aware of airspeeds and G-forces, you can execute some rather 

enjoyable chandelles and lazy eights.  However, a low time pilot with no understanding of 

aerobatics may be quickly overwhelmed with either maneuver and inadvertently overstress the 

aircraft.  Use common sense when approaching these maneuvers.

Rough Field Operations

The Rans S-12 Aircraft is equipped with what the factory calls “tundra tires”.  While they do 

allow the airplane to operate from soft and rough fields, they do not indicate that the airplane 

is well suited for this type of field.  The particular concern with rough fields is the nosewheel.  

For example, after touchdown on a rough field, it is better to taxi the remaining distance 

required at 30mph with the nose off the ground than it is to taxi at 5mph with the nose on the 

ground.  It will take only one rough field operation to make the pilot aware of this, there is 

a great deal of noise coming from the nosegear on rough fields.  The rough field procedure 

begins far before touchdown.  Use full flaps to get the slowest touchdown speed and attempt to 

hold the plane 2 inches off the runway until it settles down.  Use as much back pressure as nec-

essary to keep the nose off the ground.  Similarly on take-offs, the pilot should hold in FULL 

back stick until the nose comes off the ground, then only use the amount of pressure required 

to keep the nose off the ground.  Use two notches of flaps for rough field take-offs.  Three 

notches may provided a ‘lighter’ feel but requires some special skills and is for the advanced 

pilot.  Engine failure near the ground with full flaps in a nose high attitude will result in a very 

hard landing.  Force the airplane off the ground as soon as possible and then fly the airplane 

in ground effect until it accelerates to an acceptable climb-out speed.  Steep climbs at low air-

speed with flaps extended should be avoided in all but the absolutely necessary cases.

Short Field Operations

Short field landings are about 30 to 40 percent longer than they need to be because of the inad-

equate braking system.  Even with poor brakes, the S-12 can be comfortably operated in most 

any condition on a 1000ft runway.  Although at the time of print, this aircraft hasn’t been tested 

at gross weight on a hot, humid day, the test pilot can comfortably report that 1000ft is enough 

distance (even on a grass runway) to takeoff and land over 50 foot obstacles, provided the pilot 

is of moderate skill.  In many cases, with a skilled pilot operating at 3000 feet density altitude 

and without a passenger on board, 500 feet of runway is comfortably sufficient, provided the 

50 foot obstacle does not have to be cleared.  For a short field take-off, use two notches of 

flaps.  An alternate technique for short field lift-off is to use three notches of flaps but this is 

kind of an extreme measure and can lead to an accident if things go wrong.  Hold the brakes as 

hard as you can and run the power up to where the airplane is barely able to stand still.  Then 

quickly release the brakes while at the same time pushing the throttle to full power.  Keep the 

elevator essentially in the cruise setting for the most aerodynamic takeoff roll.  If it is a rough 

AND short field then keep the elevator horizontal until you reach 20mph and then briskly and 

gently use it as necessary to get the nose off the ground.  After the aircraft leaves the ground, 

climb at  the best angle of climb speed of 40mph.  When you are clear of your obstacles (if 

any), continue the climb at a safer speed of 65mph and retract the flaps slowly.

PAGE 9

Summary of Contents for S-12

Page 1: ...omposite 3 blade Gear Reduction 1 2 27 Fuel G P H 4 1 gal 80 PERFORMANCE 0 MSL Take Off Roll 285 ft Rate of Climb 900 fpm Service Ceiling 14 000 ft Cruise 75 mph VNE 100 mph Stall Clean 42 mph Stall F...

Page 2: ...typographical fixes included Table of Contents Chapter 1 Familiarization Page 3 Learn the basic configuration and behavior of the airplane as well as the most impor tant operating rules regarding oper...

Page 3: ...approach The unwary pilot adding full power from an idle power setting at very low altitude and low airspeed will notice a very high stick force required to keep the nose in a climb attitude This air...

Page 4: ...ve himself 750 feet of runway If all conditions are in the pilots favor pilot skill sea level 15mph headwind solo pilot smooth runway no obstacles then 200 feet of runway can suffice for takeoff and 3...

Page 5: ...istry on behalf of the pilot to get a stubborn engine to idle when cold The starting carburetor sends a specific fuel air mixture to the engine which lets it run when cold it is only set for a conditi...

Page 6: ...d down for the large front wheel which is not in perfect balance In high crosswind operations you may have to compromise a bit and keep some weight on the nose for steering until you attain enough air...

Page 7: ...t pre heat time for the engine to warm up if you shut it off during flight in cold weather Emergency Procedures Off Field Emergency Landings In the case of an engine that will not start in flight firs...

Page 8: ...ht turn at 65mph indicated airspeed the outside wing is traveling significantly faster than the inside wing and as a result has more lift The remedy is to use a slight amount of opposite aileron The e...

Page 9: ...sewheel For example after touchdown on a rough field it is better to taxi the remaining distance required at 30mph with the nose off the ground than it is to taxi at 5mph with the nose on the ground I...

Page 10: ...in optional in Weight Arm Moment If combined pilot and passenger weight are between 108 and 345 pounds that CG will be acceptable regardless of fuel conditions However flying at the aft CG limit requi...

Page 11: ...nger by moving horizontally from total weight to the pilot passenger line then read down to moment Find fuel pounds and moment by reading along the fuel line to the total fuel on board in gallons read...

Page 12: ...assembly to the floor pan produce undue force and may eventually cause failure of the mounting tabs or other associated hardware This entire sub system should be inspected under load to ensure it s in...

Page 13: ...rectly near holes and joints and so forth the water will find it s way out of the plane After washing the aircraft a good automotive wax will help protect the airplane from the elements A good wax to...

Page 14: ...er tube to the bottom of the oil tank thru the dipstick hole Pump out all oil possible approximately 66 gallons Remove the oil filter carefully avoiding any excessive spills by placing rags underneath...

Page 15: ...llowing satisfactory completion of the required number of flight hours in the flight test area the pilot shall certify in the logbook that the aircraft has been shown to comply with FAR Section 91 319...

Page 16: ...74 www vdona com PS Engineering Inc 9800 Martel Road Lenoir City Tennessee 37772 423 988 9800 FAX 423 988 6619 www ps engineering com PM501 Intercom S N XA 07690 Ameri King Corporation 18842 Brookhurs...

Page 17: ...racks bends bolts lubricated Battery secure pins cracks wiring Pitot Static clear REMOVE COVER Left Fuselage Lexan scratches cracks Structure rivets Doors hinges handles Left Main Gear Leg cracks bend...

Page 18: ...00RPM Engine Start hot Choke OFF Throttle IDLE Area CLEAR Ignition BOTH Brakes ON Starter ENGAGE Oil PRESSURE Engine Warmup 2 minutes 2000RPM Continue 2500RPM Oil Temp 120F Taxi Checklist Brakes CHECK...

Page 19: ...gap oOil system integrity ooil coloration and age 50 hrs ooil quantity olines routed without interference and free of chaffing ooil overflow line routing and condition oconnections for tightness ooil...

Page 20: ...ts operating handbook with current weight and balance is on board the aircraft oinstru ment panel for structural integrity opitot and static tubes for cleanliness and line routing conflicts or chafing...

Page 21: ...ity 18 Gal Sight Gauge Markings Total Fuel On board 7 6 3 8 11 4 Full Capacity 18 Gal Sight Gauge Markings Total Fuel On board 7 6 3 8 11 4 SPINS PROHIBITED Amateur Built Aircraft This airplane is ama...

Page 22: ...gun voltmeter optical tachometer camera and or video camera feeler gauges spark plug gapping tool plastic brush floor jack antifreeze concentration checker Consumables paper filters paper towels rags...

Page 23: ...ufficient flaps roll tendencies wing washout wing high or low rudder and vertical stabilizer ball position wings level horizontal stabilizer stick position in trimmed flight prop pitch adjustments rev...

Page 24: ...ne within 10 feet of the ground or less preferably just a few feet and continually watch for the end of the runway Make any notes regarding the rigging of the aircraft after you stop the airplane Make...

Page 25: ...r this flight attitude What is the yaw tendency of the aircraft What is the roll tendency of the aircraft What other tendencies does the aircraft have Release the ailerons and use the rudder pedals to...

Page 26: ...e rudder pedals Use the controls to maintain straight and level at this setting What rudder input is required for straight and level What aileron input is required for straight and level What other te...

Page 27: ...do you expect What is the wind direction and speed What is the outside air temperature High performance takeoff Take out all flaps Climb at 65mph Continue climb to 1500AGL 4500MSL and to a nearby fie...

Page 28: ...ncy of the aircraft What other tendencies does the aircraft have Control the airplane in a straight and level attitude at this air speed Release the controls Does the airplane YAW first or ROLL first...

Page 29: ...ps Reduce power to enter slow flight near Vs0 What is the airspeed What is the RPM What tendencies does the aircraft have Add 2nd notch of flaps Reduce power to enter slow flight near Vs1 What is the...

Page 30: ...l for the follwing No flaps 1 Notch 2 Notches 3 Notches What tendencies What is the power on climbing stall speed for the following No flaps 1 Notch 2 Notches 3 Notches What tendencies What is the pow...

Page 31: ...gather during other flight tests i e with 10mph wind etc Lift and Drag performance Ratios Power on and off Climb for 1 minute and record the VSI reading along with actual altimeter readings at start...

Page 32: ...procedure What are the dangers What are the parameters FPM airspeed etc Lazy Eights What is the procedure What are the parameters altitude loss speed etc What are the dangers Chandelles What is the p...

Page 33: ...PAGE 33...

Page 34: ...PAGE 34...

Page 35: ...Weight lbs Pilot and Passenger 49 in Aft Fuel 6 lb gal 78 in aft 1 8 g a l 1 0 5 reposition group to lower left at 1 1 1 120 1 090 1 060 1 030 970 940 910 880 820 790 760 730 1 150 1 000 850 700 83 8...

Reviews: