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XP Transponders User Guide Rev 1.3
Appendix B: Glossary
ACK:
Each time the transponder receives a message, it responds with an acknowledgement message
indicating that the information was received and set correctly. The acknowledgement message also
contains transponder status information. This message is called the Acknowledge Message or ACK for
short.
ADS-B
: Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is an emerging system for cooperative air
traffic control. The ADS-B unit broadcasts GPS and other aircraft-related data to the ATC system and
nearby aircraft. Some units only broadcast ADS-B data while others broadcast and receive ADS-B data.
When using a data link frequency of 1090 MHz, often ADS-B functionality is implemented as part of a
transponder.
ATC
: The air traffic control system uses ground-based hardware and air traffic controllers to direct
aircraft traffic.
GPRMC
: Recommended NMEA 0183 sentence that contains all of the basic GPS requirements for a
transponder. See NMEA 0183 below.
GPS
: A space-based global positioning system that provides reliable location and time information. Note
that other systems that provide equivalent data may be used (GLONASS, Galileo, etc). It is not the intent
of this document to limit the user to only GPS.
ICAO address
: A 24-bit address used to identify aircraft. ICAO stands for International Civil Aviation
Organization.
Ident
: Ide t is sho t fo ide tif . Whe ai t affi o t ol e uests that the ai aft ide tif , the pilot
uses the Ident function to send a message to ATC that enhances or exaggerates the blip on the air traffic
o t olle ’s ada s ee .
The Ident function should only be activated at the request of ATC.
NMEA 0183
message (using GPRMC): The National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) defines a
messaging protocol called 0183. GPRMC is a specific message type within that protocol.
Non-volatile memory
: Data stored in non-volatile memory is not lost when power to the device is
removed or interrupted.
Squawk code
: The ATC system for a given geographic area assigns a unique four digit number to each
transponder equipped aircraft in that area. This number is called a squawk code, and it is transmitted by
the transponder only when interrogated by ATC to aid in aircraft identification.
TSO
: A Technical Standard Order is a minimum performance and design assurance standard set by the
FAA for specified materials, parts, and appliances used on civil aircraft. When authorized to manufacture
a material, part, or appliance to a TSO standard, this is referred to as TSO Authorization (TSOA).
Receiving a TSOA is both design and production approval. A TSO by itself is not an approval to install and
use the article in an aircraft, though it greatly facilitates obtaining an approval.
Summary of Contents for XPC-TR
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