10 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC.
capacitive elements and hence, its value will be > 0 <1. Normally it ranges from 0.5 to 0.8.
Load:
Electrical appliance or device to which an electrical voltage is fed.
Linear Load:
A load that draws sinusoidal current when a sinusoidal voltage is fed to it. Ex-
amples are, incandescent lamp, heater, electric motor, etc.
Non-Linear Load:
A load that does not draw a sinusoidal current when a sinusoidal voltage is
fed to it. For example, non-power factor corrected Switched Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) used
in computers, audio video equipment, battery chargers, etc.
Resistive Load:
A device or appliance that consists of pure resistance (like filament lamps, cook
tops, toaster, coffee maker etc.) and draws only Active Power (Watts) from the inverter. The
inverter can be sized based on the Active Power rating (Watts) of the Resistive Load without
creating overload (except for resistive loads with Tungsten based heating element like filament
lamps, Quartz/Halogen lamps and Quartz heaters. These require higher starting surge power
due to lower resistance value when the heating elements are cold).
Reactive Load:
A device or appliance that consists of a combination of resistive, inductive and
capacitive elements (like motor driven tools, refrigeration compressors, microwaves, comput-
ers, audio/ video etc.). These devices require Apparent Power (VA) from the inverter to operate.
The Apparent Power is a vectorial sum of Active Power (Watts) and Reactive Power (VAR).
The
inverter has to be sized based on the higher Apparent Power (VA) and also based on starting
surge power.
1.3 GENERAL INFORMATION - INVERTER RELATED
General information related to operation and sizing of inverters is given in succeeding sub-
sections.
1.3.1 AC Voltage Waveforms
TIME
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Modified Sine
Wave sits at
ZERO for some
time and then
rises or falls
Pure Sine Wave
crosses zero V
instantaneously
Modified Sine Wave
•
VRMS = 120V
•
Vpeak = 140 to 160V
Sine Wave
•
VRMS = 120VAC
•
Vpeak = 169.68V
16.66 ms
VOL
TS
−
VOL
TS +
Fig 1.1 Pure and Modified Sine Waveforms for 120V, 60 Hz
SECTION 1 |
Safety Instructions & General Information
Summary of Contents for Evolution EVO-2212
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