Broadcasting
Systems
PAL-B/G
PAL-D/K
PAL-I
PAL-N
PAL-M
Countries
Italy
Sweden
Germany
Norway
Spain
Israel
Denmark
Portugal
Netherlands
Austria
Singapore
Indonesia
Australia
China
North Korea
Rumania
Ireland
England
South Africa
Hongkong
Argentina
Uruguay
Paraguay
Brazil
Broadcasting
Systems
SECAM
SECAM-B
SECAM-D
SECAM-K
1
SECAM-L
Countries
Iran
Iraq
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Lebanon
Egypt
Russia
Hungary
Bulgaria
Poland
France
Horizontal Frequency
The time to scan one line connecting the right edge to the left edge of the
screen horizontally is called Horizontal Cycle and the inverse number of the
Horizontal Cycle is called Horizontal Frequency. Unit: kHz
Vertical Frequency
Like a fluorescent lamp, the screen has to repeat the same image many
times per second to display an image to the user. The frequency of this
repetition is called Vertical Frequency or Refresh Rate. Unit:Hz