242
Appendix
ln x
log x
e
x
10
x
x
-
1
x
2
x
n!
a
b
(^)
b
a
nPr
nCr
Function
Calculation range
Notes
ln x = log
e
x
e.=. 2.71828...
x
≠
0
n is an integer or
integer
+
0.5
a
b
= 10
b·log a
b
a
= 10
1
a
log b
n and r are positive
integers
1
×
10
-
99
≤
x < 1
×
10
100
-
1
×
10
100
< x
≤
230.2585092
-
1
×
10
100
< x < 100
|x| < 1
×
10
100
|x| < 1
×
10
50
0
≤
x < 1
×
10
100
-
0.5
≤
n
≤
69.5
When a > 0:
-
1
×
10
100
< b log a < 100
When a = 0:
0 < b < 1
×
10
100
When a < 0:
b is an integer, or
1
b
is an odd number (b
≠
0)
However,
-
1
×
10
100
< b log |a| < 100
When b > 0:
-
1
×
10
100
<
1
a
log b < 100, a
≠
0
When b = 0:
0 < a < 1
×
10
100
When b < 0:
a is an odd number, or
1
a
is an integer (a
≠
0)
However,
-
1
×
10
100
<
1
a
log |b| < 100
0
≤
r
≤
n
≤
9999999999
When r <
_
n
2 :
_
(r-1)!
n!
_
(n-r)!
< 10
100
When
_
n
2
≤
r : _
r!(n-
n!
_
r
-1)!
< 10
100
0
≤
r
≤
n
≤
9999999999
_
(n-
n!
_
r)!
< 10
100
