Singer Friden 1155, Operator'S Primer

Page 1: ......

Page 2: ...All rights reserved throughout the world OPERATOR S PRIMER FRIDEN MODEL 1155 ADVANCED PROGRAMMABLE CALCULATOR Publication No 55 537 September 1972 SINGER BUSINESS MACHINES 2350 WASHINGTON AYE SAN LEA...

Page 3: ......

Page 4: ...1 14 1 thru 14 3 15 1 thru 15 4 16 1 17 1 thru 17 4 18 1 thru 18 2 19 1 thru 19 4 20 1 thru 20 3 21 1 thru 21 4 22 1 thru 22 2 23 1 thru 23 5 A 1 thru A 2 B 1 thru B 2 C 1 thru C 8 1 1 thru 1 2 LIST O...

Page 5: ......

Page 6: ...EREST METAMORPHOSIS EDITING A PROGRAM WRONG KEY DEPRESSED PROGRAM CODE AND GO TO INSTRUCTIONS MULTIPLE PROGRAMS MEMORY REGISTERS WATCH YOUR MONEY GROW TO RUN THE PROGRAM COUNTING TABLE MAKER COUNTDOWN...

Page 7: ......

Page 8: ...Contents vi APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C INDEX Page A 1 B 1 C 1 1 1 9 72...

Page 9: ......

Page 10: ...rk It s programmable the 1155 can work on a problem automatically under control of a stored program This is the 1155 ON OFF SWITCH The ON OFF switch is located on the right hand side of the machine un...

Page 11: ...dy to accept instructions Now press LINE SPACE several times Each time LINE SPACE is pressed the 1155 spa ces the paper tape up one line ET Press DEC then press The 1155 sets the number of decimal pla...

Page 12: ...TRY key is pressed the print wheel spins This is simply a signal that the 1155 has carried out the CLEAR ENTRY operation NOTE If the entry of a number has been terminated by pressing the ENTER key or...

Page 13: ...0 Old balance IENTER I 123 45 A check 00000 J 66 59 New balance a 56 86 Another check CiJOGGJ J 7 95 New balance 48 91 Still another check 00 J 20 00 New balance B 28 91 At last A depdsit 000000 G 167...

Page 14: ...of the result is automatic 9 4 EJ 88 J 3x4 5 1 0 EJ08G J Getting Started TAPE 9 00 4 00 36 00 TAPE 9 00 4 00 2 25 TAPE 3 00 4 00 12 00 5 00 2 40 TAPE 1 00 ERROR 5 The 1155 won t divide by zero Instea...

Page 15: ......

Page 16: ...essing very large or very small numbers In scientific notation a number is represented by a mantissa and an exponent 3 6 x 109 exponent mantissa For more information on scientific notation see Appendi...

Page 17: ...ive exponent is entered as follows 1 67000000000E 21 Internally the mantissa of a non zero number is a 13 digit nUmber between 1 and 9 999999999999 or in case of a negative number between 1 and 9 9999...

Page 18: ...h registers are set to zero When a number is keyed in it is placed in L ENTER terminates the entry of a number and causes it to be printed When a new number is entered in L the previous number is bump...

Page 19: ...nted on the tape as a problem is solved PROBLEM 75 68 83 3 First KEY S rTITll LY iJ 8 00 8 8 8 8 L 0 75 75 68 143 83 226 226 3 J 75 333 3 Inside 13 significant digits Printout U PRINTOUT 0 0 0 75 0000...

Page 20: ...er first enter the digits of the number then press the CHANGE SIGN key The CHANGE SIGN key instructs the 1155 to change the sign of the number in L from to or from to The 1 X I key instructs the 1155...

Page 21: ...r 0 zero does not have a reciprocal the 1155 prints an error notice For a complete list of error notices see Appendix A The following examples combine the use of the SQUARE SQUARE ROOT and RECIPROCAL...

Page 22: ...155 to compute 49 0 the square of the number in L and put the results into L EJ 0 0 GJGJ 16 0 The VTXT IiIX II key instructs the 1155 to 4 0 compute the square root of the number in L and put the resu...

Page 23: ...0 0 G 3 0 3 9 0 4 9 3 16 9 8 25 0 8 25 0 5 0 For further practice use the 1155 to verify each of the following calculations PRINTOUT 3 00000 9 00000 4 00000 16 00000 25 00000 5 00000 1 27735 1 1 1 1 3...

Page 24: ...breviation For the following keys we will use the actual label on the key exactly as it appears on the key 888Ip TI c JD0 J G80 J8GJ8 2JG D For the following keys abbreviations will be used as shown K...

Page 25: ...rried out INSTRUCTION L U Press RESET 0 0 Key in the value of a a 0 Press X SQ a 2 0 Key in the value of b b a 2 Press X SQ b 2 a 2 Press a 2 b 2 0 Press PRINT a 2 b 2 0 Press SQ RT a2 b 2 0 The progr...

Page 26: ...U RESET 0 0 Key in a a 0 X SQ a 2 0 Key in b b a 2 X SQ b 2 a 2 a 2 b 2 0 PRINT a 2 b 2 0 SQ RT Ja 2 b 2 0 1 1 P q INSTRUCTION L U RESET 0 0 Key in p p 0 RECIP lip 0 Key in q q lip RECIP 1 q lip lip...

Page 27: ......

Page 28: ...in d PI X C L 0 d TI TId U o o d o The equatorial diameter of the earth is 7908 miles What is the circumference 7908 00000 d 3 14159 24 843 71470 C C 24844 miles approximately Note that it isn t neces...

Page 29: ...ike the following r 2 r 3 r 15 2 00000 3 00000 1 5 00000 4 00000 9 00000 225 00000 3 1 41 59 3 1 41 59 3 1 41 59 1 2 56637 28 27433 706 85835 The volume V of a sphere of radius r is computed using the...

Page 30: ...ION L RESET 0 Key in A A ENTER A Key in X X A TO X A X Verify each of the following 2 10 1024 5 3 125 10 3 1000 U 0 0 0 A 0 COMMENTS A TO X means 1 2 3 45 1 87575 1 21 3 8 10 001 10 100 9 99999999994E...

Page 31: ......

Page 32: ...mputed as follows D 1 01N Perhaps you recognize the formula for D It is the amount that you would receive if you invested 1 at 1 interest per day compounded daily for N days The question of course is...

Page 33: ...in 1 01 1 01 0 ENTER 1 01 0 Key in N N 1 01 A TO X 1 01N 0 Do it for N 100 200 300 500 700 and 1000 The tape should look like the following L O L LOO OO 2 70 take PRIZE 1 L O L 200 00 7 32 take PRIZE...

Page 34: ...can remember a program equivalent to up to 511 keystrokes Start with a problem PROBLEM Given r compute A 1Tr2 Proceed as follows ONE Write a program TWO Store the program in the 1155 THREE List the pr...

Page 35: ...s WRI TE to tell the 1155 to get ready to remember a new program Write the program press in order the keys corresponding to the instructions in the program E 8B0D0B The program is now stored in the 11...

Page 36: ...tarts running the program It does a SPACE then STOPS Key in 2 press START Key in 3 press START 2 00000 12 56637 3 00000 28 17433 Key in 12 press START 12 00000 452 38934 Key in a value of r then press...

Page 37: ......

Page 38: ...STOP PRINT X PRINT for a value of r for a value of h the answer V Next store the program exactly as shown below LINE SPACE CLEAR PROG List the program RESET LIST START 204 SPACE STOP Two steps were 4...

Page 39: ...inserted following the STOP instruction List the complete program RESET LIST new checksum 239 START SPACE STOP PRINT X inserted steps 10 2 X STOP PRINT X PRINT The program is now stored correctly Run...

Page 40: ...E STOP PRINT X SQ PI X STOP PRINT X PRINT Enter the program exactly as shown below _C_L_E_A_R PROG LINE SPACE Instruct the 1155 to find the top of the program RESET LIST 190 The checksum is incorrect...

Page 41: ...the inserts is shown below KEY 8 TAPE RESET LIST ONE STEP ONE STEP 190 SPACE STOP RESET INSERT PRINT RESET LIST ONE STEP ONE STEP ONE STEP RESET INSERT STOP List the program RESET LIST START X SQ PI...

Page 42: ...ottom of the program To get out of list mode press RESE T Prese LI ST to cause the 1155 to compute a checksum of the program in its memory print the checksum then stop at the top of the program ready...

Page 43: ......

Page 44: ...ue PRINT X 2 PRINT RESET CLEAR PROG WRITE of b of h SPACE STOP PRINT STOP PRINT mistake should be X Delete the mistake RESET DELETE START deletes last key entered When DELETE was pressed the delete li...

Page 45: ...mistake is not discovered until after the entire program is stored it can still be corrected Store the program again including the mistake as shown below RESET CLEAR PROG WRITE SPACE STO P PRIN T STOP...

Page 46: ...270 WRONG CHECKSUM ONE STEP SPACE ONE STEP STOP ONE STEP PRINT ONE STEP STOP ONE STEP PRINT ONE STEP DELETE the mistake RESET DELETE START INS ERT the correct instruction INSERT X List the program RES...

Page 47: ...s follows RESET CLEAR PROG WRITE e in degrees for value of r for value of e the answer L SPACE STOP PRINT STOP PRINT X PI X 8 1 0 PRINT Two digits transposed The mistake was not discovered until the p...

Page 48: ...8 List the corrected program RESET LIST START The program is now correct TAPE COMMENT 393 SPACE STOP PRINT STOP PRINT X PI X 8 1 deletes deletes inserts 393 SPACE STOP PRINT STOP PRINT X PI X 1 8 o PR...

Page 49: ...u reach the place where new instructions are to be stored 2 Press RESET INSERT 3 Insert as many instructions as you wish 4 Press RESET to terminate INSERT MODE TO DELETE INSTRUCTIONS FROM A STORED PRO...

Page 50: ...to beginning A program code is a two digit number that marks a particular place in a program There are 100 possible program codes 00 through 99 In the above program the program code 10 was a purely a...

Page 51: ...ODE 10 Then store the instructions SPACE STOP PRINT 9 X 5 32 PRINT GO TO 10 12 2 List the program It should appear exactly as shown on page 12 1 Run the program for C 100 and C 37 RESET GO TO 10 START...

Page 52: ...nning of this program It is assumed that the previous program pages 12 1 and 12 2 is still stored in the 1155 If not store it Append the above program to the one already stored IDO NOT press CLEAR PRO...

Page 53: ...G CODE first keystroke If ONE STEP is pressed immediately following a list the 1155 prints the number of unused program storage positions Following the unused program space the first keystroke in the...

Page 54: ...F 32 program RESET GO TO 23 START Key in F press START Key in F press START 32 00000 OOOOO C 212 00000 100 00000 C The programs can be run on any desired schedule For example RESET GO TO 10 key in C S...

Page 55: ......

Page 56: ...ode limitation To store several different programs Simultaneously simply begin each pro gram at a different program code The program codes do not have to be in numerical sequence since they are merely...

Page 57: ......

Page 58: ...3 08 5 13 3 7 18 04 09 14 19 20 MEMORY REGISTERS NUMBERED 00 THROUGH 19 Each memory register can store one number In the registers above 9 is in register 01 4 is in register 02 5 is in register 08 3 7...

Page 59: ...egister 08 5 opp SIGN STORE 08 OPP SIGN means CHANGE SIGN Put 3 7 into register 13 3 7 STORE 13 Recall each number from the register in which it is stored During manual operation the RECALL operation...

Page 60: ...4 5 3 7 5 4 9 4 5 3 7 3 7 5 9 4 5 3 7 DEFINITION Stores the content of the lower register into memory register m m is a two digit number between 00 and 19 This operation does not change the content of...

Page 61: ......

Page 62: ...ars t Initial amount Invested amount at the end of n years Store the following program 10 20 125 SPACE STOP PRINT STORE 01 STOP PRINT 1 STORE 02 RECALL 02 SPACE STOP PRINT A TO X RECALL 01 X PRINT GO...

Page 63: ...er to the number of months For example for 2 years n 24 months RESET SET DEC 3 GO TO 10 START Key in P START 100 000 Key in r START 005 Key in n START 24 000 112 716 S Key in n START 60 000 134 885 8...

Page 64: ...L to the content of memory register m and puts the result in memory register m This operation does not change L REGISTERS WORKING MEMORY L U 00 01 02 19 0 0 NO CHANGE 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 8...

Page 65: ...sum s in register 01 and also counts the numbers The count is accumulated in register 02 200 10 CLR REGS SPACE 13 STOP PRINT ACCSTORE 1 ACCSTORE GO TO 17 SPACE RECALL PRINT RECALL PRINT PRINT STOP GO...

Page 66: ...e list of numbers 74 87 81 93 78 RESET GO TO 10 START Key in x START Key in x START Key in x START Key in x START Key in x STAR T GO TO 17 START Run the program for the following list 5 8 7 9 3 7 6 Th...

Page 67: ......

Page 68: ...55 press STOP The program is shown below LO 457 L 20 PRINT L GO TO 20 Store the program set the number of decimal places to 0 and run the program The tape might look like the following RESET GO TO LO...

Page 69: ...0 START Key in 12 START 12 RESET GO TO 10 START 13 14 15 S TOP was pressed Key in 37 START 37 38 39 40 STO P was pressed Another counting program This time the count is kept in memory register 07 10 2...

Page 70: ...ORE 12 SPACE RECALL 07 PRINT RECALL 12 ACCSTORE 07 GO TO 20 Start at 1 and increment by 2 RESET GO TO 10 START Key in 1 START Key in 2 START Key in starting number Print it Store it in 07 Key in the i...

Page 71: ...SET GO TO LO START Key in 10 START 10 Key in 5 START 5 10 5 o 5 10 15 STOP was pressed SET DEC 2 then start at 1 and increment by 25 RESET GO TO LO START Key in 1 START 1 00 Key in 25 START 25 1 00 1...

Page 72: ...1 and increases in increments of 1 In Table 2 x begins at 2 and increases in increments of 01 The following program can be used to compute tables such as the above This program is a simple modificatio...

Page 73: ...RT Key in 2 START Key in 01 START 1 00000 1 00000 1 00000 1 00000 2 00000 1 41421 3 00000 1 73205 STOP was pressed 2 00000 01000 2 00000 1 41421 2 01000 1 41774 2 02000 1 42127 STOPwas pressed Write a...

Page 74: ...GN ACCSTORE 05 GO TO 20 99 STOP Run it RESET t SET DEC 0 GO TO 10 START The 1155 counts down from 10 to 0 then stops automatically Start the count at 10 in register 05 Recall the count If it is negati...

Page 75: ...TO 99 Follow this path if the number in L l is negative Follow this path if the number in L is zero or positive In the program it works like this Follow the arrows START l lO 11 20 o STORE 05 RECALL...

Page 76: ...f h x is in register 01 start with x a b is in register 02 h is in register 03 671 10 SPACE STOP Key in a PRINT STORE 01 x a register 01 STOP Key in b PRINT STORE 02 STOP Key in h PRINT STORE 03 20 RE...

Page 77: ...b START Key in h START 1 00000 8 00000 1 00000 1 00000 1 00000 2 00000 1 41421 3 00000 1 73205 4 00000 2 00000 5 00000 2 23607 6 00000 2 44949 7 00000 2 64575 8 00000 2 82843 For practice run the pro...

Page 78: ...register 00 must be a whole number between 1 and 19 inclusive Otherwise an ERROR message will occur STORE N RECALL N ACCSTORE N Store the content of the lower register in memory register k where k is...

Page 79: ...in a number PRINT STORE N Store number in register k 1 ACCSTORE 00 Increase k by 1 GO TO 11 Go around for next number The following program recalls and prints the contents of registers 01 to 19 inclu...

Page 80: ...ART Key in seven numbers The 1155 stores them in registers 01 through 07 Next dump the memory RESET GO TO 20 START The seven numbers entered previously are in registers 01 07 Registers 08 19 con tain...

Page 81: ......

Page 82: ...ES NO NO YES YES YES NO NO NO YES NO YES The following table is a summary of the results RESPONSE YES NO TOTAL HOW MANY 8 12 20 YES NO NO NO Code the responses Use 1 to represent YES and 2 to represen...

Page 83: ...Key in a response code 1 for YES 2 for NO Store response code in register 00 Increase YES count REG 01 or NO count REG 02 by 1 Recall YES count REG 01 and print it Recall NO count REG 02 and print it...

Page 84: ...rints the n response tallies from registers 1 to n and the total of all response tallies from register 18 001 10 CLR REGS SPACE STOP PRINT STORE 19 11 STOP PRINT STORE 00 1 ACCSTORE N ACCSTORE 18 GO T...

Page 85: ...response number 2 7 people gave response number 3 and 6 people gave response number 6 There were 20 responses in all In this program register 19 is used to store n and register 18 is used to store the...

Page 86: ...r example if the content of register 00 is 37 then a GO TO N instruction will cause the 1155 to go to program code 37 and continue from there The following program illustrates the use of the GO TO N i...

Page 87: ...there is no PROG CODE 04 in the program Press RESETto continue operating The following diagram may clarify what happens as the 1155 runs the program 249 10 SPACE STOP PRINT STORE 00 GO TO N 1 PRINT GO...

Page 88: ...the actual 1 work of computing f x At the beginning of this section x is in L At the end f x is in L PROBLEM 1 Given a and b compute u where PROBLEM 2 u a3 a2 a 1 b3 bZ b 1 f a f b Given a band c comp...

Page 89: ...STORE 19 Call the subroutine 3 2 GO TO 50 32 Subroutine returns here with f b in L RECALL 01 Compute and print u X PRINT GO TO 10 Go to beginning of program 50 SUBROUTINE Compute f x STORE 00 Store N...

Page 90: ...returns to program code 32 with f b in L For practice write a main program to solve PROBLEM 2 on page 23 1 The main program should call the f x subroutine three times once for x a once for x b and onc...

Page 91: ...nd register 00 are monitored INSTRUCTIONS L U 00 COMMENTS 60 N x N Initially N is in L x is in STORE 00 N x N U EXCG x N N New instruction described 3 3 x N below A TO X xl 0 N SQ RT X 3 2 0 N 7 7 X 3...

Page 92: ...e with h a in L STORE 02 Store h a in register 02 RECALL 01 Compute a 1 1 3 Set return code N to 30 0 GO TO 60 Go to subroutine 30 Subroutine returns with h a 1 in L RECALL 02 Recall h a EXCG Exchange...

Page 93: ......

Page 94: ...N operation Absolute value of correct result greater than 10100 ER ROR 3 Attempt to compute logarithm of zero or ERROR 4 Attempt to compute ARC SIN or ARC COS of X for which Ix I 1 ERROR 5 Division by...

Page 95: ...OG CODE ERRO R 10 Attempt to compute polar coordinates when rectangular coordinates are both zero x 0 and y 0 EJIPci AR I ERROR 11 Incomplete address during list For example STORE RECALL ACCSTORE or G...

Page 96: ...ation are shown below One trillion Ordinary notation Scientific notation 1 000 000 000 000 1 X 1012 12 zeros Mass of the Earth in tons Ordinary notation 6 588 000 000 000 000 000 000 Scientific notati...

Page 97: ...mber of places specified by the exponent If necessary add zeros Example A 2 05 X 108 1 2 2 05 205000000 8 places Example B 205 x 106 1 205 2 205 6 places Example C 3 14159 x 10 1 3 14159 2 3 14159 0 p...

Page 98: ...ffect only L The A TO X key affects both Land U The rest of the function keys are shown below KEY S ABBREVIATION o o 8 G ITDl E TO X LN E LOG 10 SIN These keys affect only L COS TAN FACTRL INTEGER TO...

Page 99: ...n Ix I INSTRUCTION L RESET 0 Key in X x LN E lnlxl Verify 1 In 2 69315 2 In 10 2 30259 3 lnl 21 69315 4 In 0 ERROR 3 Compute log Ixl INSTRUCTION L RESET 0 Key in x x LOG 10 loglxl Verify 1 log 2 30103...

Page 100: ...epeat for each value SIN sin x o of x Verify 1 sin 30 50000 2 sin 60 86603 3 sin 225 70711 4 sin 5000 64279 To compute cos x where x is expressed in radians INSTRUCTION L U COMMENTS RESET 0 Do these o...

Page 101: ...T 0 RAD 0 Key in x x ARC x SIN arcsin x Use the 1155 to verify the following results 1 arcsin 5 52360 radians 2 arcsin 2 ERROR 4 To compute arc tan x result in degrees INSTRUCTION L RESET 0 DEG 0 Key...

Page 102: ...CTION L U RESET 0 0 Key in x x 0 FACTRL x 1 0 Verify 1 51 120 2 1 4 9 1 120 3 4 3 24 4 521 8 06581751709 E 67 5 691 1 71122452428 E 98 6 701 ERROR 7 The INTEGER key instructs the 1155 to compute the i...

Page 103: ...to convert from polar to rectangular coordinates The following diagram shows the relationship between rectangular coordinates x y and polar coordinates r e y _ x xl Conversion from rectangular to pola...

Page 104: ...1155 to verify the following x 1 1 1 1 1 o 2 y 1 1 1 1 o 1 3 L 0 0 x x y e r 1 41421 1 41421 1 41421 1 41421 1 00000 1 00000 3 60555 U COMMENTS 0 0 Repeat for each set of x y coordinates e 45 00000 45...

Page 105: ...TO RECT Y x Use the 1155 to verify the following e in degrees r e x 1 0 1 00000 1 30 86603 1 90 00000 1 150 86603 1 180 1 00000 1 210 86603 1 330 86603 1 30 86603 2 53 1 20363 3 123 1 63392 If e is g...

Page 106: ...4 1 15 3 1 3 9 1 9 2 10 5 18 1 9 1 11 1 11 3 11 5 6 1 1 5 2 1 1 2 6 1 2 2 1 5 4 2 A 1 A 2 23 4 2 1 2 2 Fahrenheit to Centigrade 12 2 9 72 INDEX G GO TO INDlRECT 12 1 12 2 12 3 22 1 22 2 H 1 hydrogen a...

Page 107: ...3 2 5 2 memory 14 1 14 2 14 3 RESET 1 2 10 5 roundoff of printout 1 2 1 6 S scientific notation 2 1 B 1 B 2 SET DEC 1 2 1 6 6 1 SQUARE ROOT 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 tables 18 1 19 3 START 9 1 9 2 9 3 10 5 STOR...

Page 108: ...manual meet your needs Yes D If not what additional information would be of help to you Can you find what you re looking for quickly and easily Yes D How can the organization be improved Is the mater...

Page 109: ...necessary If mailed in the United States POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY SINGER BUSINESS MACHINES 2350 Washington Ave San Leandro California 94577 Attn Customer Technical Publications Department 753 FOLD BAC...