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Non-Pneumatic Tire: A mechanical device which
transmits, either directly or through a wheel
or wheel center member, the vertical load and
tractive forces from the roadway to the vehicle,
generates the tractive forces that provide the
directional control of the vehicle and does not
rely on the containment of any gas or fluid for
providing those functions.
Non-Pneumatic Tire Assembly: A non-pneumatic
tire, alone or in combination with a wheel or
wheel center member, which can be mounted on a
vehicle.
Normal Occupant Weight: This means 68
kilograms
(150 lbs.) times the number of occupants specified
in the second column of Table 1 of 49 CFR
571.110.
Pin Weight: The downward force applied to the
5th wheel or goose neck ball, by the trailer kingpin
or goose neck coupler. Occupant Distribution: The
distribution of occupants in a vehicle as specified in
the third column of Table 1 of 49 CFR
571.110.
Open Splice: Any parting at any junction of tread,
sidewall, or inner liner that extends to cord
material.
Outer diameter: The overall diameter of an
inflated new tire.
Overall Width: The linear distance between
the exteriors of the sidewalls of an inflated tire,
including elevations due to labeling, decorations, or
protective bands or ribs.
Ply: A layer of rubber coated parallel cords.
Ply Separation: A parting of rubber compound
between adjacent plies.
Pneumatic Tire: A mechanical device made
of rubber, chemicals, fabric and steel or other
materials, that, when mounted on an automotive
wheel, provides the traction and contains the gas
or fluid that sustains the load.
Production Options Weight:
The combined weight
of those installed regular production options
weighting over 2.3 kilograms (5 lbs.) in excess
of those standard items which they replace, not
previously considered in curb weight or accessory
weight, including heavy duty brakes, ride levelers,
roof rack heavy duty battery, and special trim.
Radial Ply Tire: a pneumatic tire in which the
ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at
substantially 90 degrees to the centerline of the
tread.
Recommended Inflation Pressure: This is
the inflation pressure provided by the vehicle
manufacturer on the Tire Information label and on
the Certification /VIN tag.
Reinforced Tire: A tire designed to operate at
higher loads and at higher inflation pressures than
the
corresponding standard tire.
Rim: A metal support for a tire or attire and tube
assembly upon which the tire beads are seated.
Rim Diameter: This means the nominal diameter
of the bead seat.
Rim Size Designation: This means the industry of
manufacturer’s designation for a rim by style or
code.
Rim Type Designation: This means the industry
of manufacturer’s designation for a rim by style or
code.
Rim Width: This means the nominal distance
between rim flanges.
Section Width: The linear distance between the
exteriors of the sidewalls of an inflated tire,
excluding elevations due to labeling, decoration or
protective bands.
Sidewall: That portion of a tie between the tread
and bead.
Sidewall Separation: The parting of the rubber
compound from the cord material in the sidewall.
Special Trailer (ST) Tire: The “ST” is an indication
the tire is for trailer use only.
Test Rim: The rim on which a tire is fitted for
testing, and may be any rim listed as appropriate
for use with that tire.
Tire Checking: Small cracks in the tire sidewall
usually associated with age or sitting in intense
sunlight conditions.
Tread: That portion of a tire that comes into
contact with the road.
Tread Rib: A tread section running
circumferentially around a tire.
Tread Separation: Pulling away of the tread from
the tire carcass.
Tread Indicators (TWI): The projections within
the principal grooves designed to give a visual
indication of the degrees of wear of the tread.
Vehicle Capacity Weight: The rated cargo and
luggage load plus 68 kilograms (150 lbs.) times the
vehicle’s designated seating capacity.
Vehicle Maximum Load on the Tire: The load on an
individual tie that is determined by distributing to
each axle its share of the maximum loaded vehicle
weight and dividing by two.
Vehicle Normal Load on the Tire: The load on and
individual tire that is determined by distributing to
each axle its share of the curb weight, accessory
weight, and normal occupant weight (distributed in
accordance with Table 1 of CRF 49 571.110) and
dividing by 2.
Weather Side: The surface area of the rim not
covered by the inflated tire.
Wheel Center Member: In the case of a non
pneumatic tire assembly incorporating a wheel,
a mechanical device which attaches, either
integrally or separably, to the non-pneumatic rim
and provides the connection between the non
pneumatic rim and the vehicle: or, in the case of an
non-pneumatic tire assembly not incorporating a
wheel, a mechanical device which attaches, either
integrally or separably, to the non-pneumatic tire
and provides the connection between tire and the
vehicle.
Wheel-Holding Fixture: The fixture used to hold
the wheel and tire assembly securely during
testing.
Trailer Terminology
Aft: A nautical expression referring to the back
area of a boat.
Actuator: See “Trailer actuator”
Anchor Chock: A bracket or roller usually mounted
on the front of the boat and often sticking forward
past the bow of the boat.
Back-Up Solenoid: An electrical solenoid used on
brake actuators for trailers with disc brakes that
allows the trailer to be backed up on level ground
without the brakes locking up.
Bearing Protector: A device that is installed on the
hub that allows lubrication of the bearings.
Boat Bow Safety Chains: Safety chain(s) are
attached to the winch stand of the trailer and
hooked onto the bow eye of the boat as a safety
precaution. (See Safety Chains)
Boat Strakes: Small ribs on the underside of
the boat running fore and aft, visible from the
underside of the boat.
Boom: The main frame members that run fore and
aft on the trailer.
Bow: The front tip of the boat.
