SMA Sunny Boy SWR 1800U, Installation And Operator'S Manual

Page 1: ...SB1800U 11 NE0402 Grid Tied String Inverter for Photovoltaic Systems Issue 1 0 Installation and Operator s Manual Sunny Boy SWR 1800U ...

Page 2: ...cument Number SB1800U Issue and Alteration Review 1 Comments Author 11 NE0402 1 0 A First issue Homburg 1 A Changes due to faulty documents or improvement of the documentation B Changes maintaining full or upward compatibility C Changes limiting or excluding compatibility Name Date Signature Approved Bremicker ...

Page 3: ...ing safety symbols have been placed through out this technical description to indicate dangerous conditions and important safety instructions WARNING This indicates a fact or feature very important for the safety of the user and or which can cause a serious hardware defect if not applied appropriately Use extreme caution when performing this task NOTE This indicates a feature that is important eit...

Page 4: ...tions and cau tionary markings in the technical description and on the Sunny Boy and the PV array Connecting the Sunny Boy to the electrical utility grid must only be done after receiving prior approval from the utility company and performed only by qualified personnel Completely cover the surface of all PV arrays with opaque dark material be fore wiring them PV arrays produce electrical energy wh...

Page 5: ...2 3 2 Connection to Electrical Utility Grid 16 3 Commissioning 20 4 Operation and Failure Indication LEDs 24 4 1 Operation Indicator 27 4 2 Ground Fault Indicator 30 4 3 Failure Indication 31 4 4 Opening and closing of the Sunny Boy 36 4 5 Upgrading or modification of the Sunny Boy interface 39 4 6 Measuring Channels and Messages 41 4 7 Measurement Precision 43 5 Troubleshooting 44 6 Warranty Regu...

Page 6: ...nnection to the electricity grid in the house distribution Here the electricity from the PV modules provides all consumers with electric power household devices lights etc In case that not enough power is produced the addition ally necessary power is obtained from the grid In case that there is a surplus of power this surplus is fed into the local grid and is therefore available for other consumer...

Page 7: ...Damages The Sunny Boy inverters are thoroughly checked before they are shipped Even though they are delivered in a sturdy packaging which can be recycled the inverters can be damaged which is the forwarding company s fault in most cases Please inspect your inverter thoroughly after it is delivered If any damages can be de tected on the packaging that could lead to the conclusion that the contents ...

Page 8: ...hile the PV plant is designed In the following you will find a summary of the most important criteria Criteria for device mounting Due to the high protection class NEMA 4X of the enclosure the installation is pos sible indoors as well as outdoors If possible do not expose the inverter to rain despite NEMA 4X Keep the DC cabling from the solar panel to the inverter as short as possible Avoid instal...

Page 9: ...ee NEC Section 690 64 b 2 Do not expose the string inverter to direct sunlight if necessary in stall a shading roof A minimum distance of 8 inch 200 mm must be clear above the in verter for ventilation i e no cupboards ceiling etc Free air circulation around the case must not be obstructed If you are installing the Sunny Boy in a cabinet or closet etc the air circulation must be sufficient for hea...

Page 10: ...nstallation and Operator s Manual SB2500U 11 NE 10 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH The Sunny Boy inverter is mounted on the back side with the three metal straps Fig 2 2 Picture of drilling template original template in appendix ...

Page 11: ... screws Use a plas tic washer in order to avoid scratching the paint Fig 2 3 Side view of the mounting to wall Metal straps for mounting The top straps take the load the bottom is screwed down in order to prevent the tilting off the wall Mounting to wall Mark the holes with the drilling template Drill the holes and put in the wall anchors put in the screws of both top holes and screw them in until...

Page 12: ...2 3 Electric Connection The electric connection of the Sunny Boy can be done once the device is correctly mounted in its position Fig 2 4 Simplified electrical wiring diagram of the PV system Fig 2 5 Bottom view of the Sunny Boy DC Connection AC Connection GFDI Fuse Communication Connection ...

Page 13: ...e sizes up to 10 AWG 5 26 mm2 are accepted by the AC and DC terminals on the printed circuit board WARNING The connection of the Sunny Boy to the DC voltage from the PV string and the AC voltage of the utility must be done in the order described here This ensures that the disconnecting of con tacts as well as hazardous voltages during the installation are avoided Connect the Sunny Boy to the elect...

Page 14: ...panel Fig 2 6 Front view of the Sunny Boy 1800U You now have the opened Sunny Boy in front of you see Fig 2 7 and can see the posi tion of components and clamps relevant for you You will find The internal grid fuse WARNING A defective grid fuse has to be replaced only with a UR fuse of 20AMP 250V AC in order for continued protection against risk of fire The control system board with the socket for...

Page 15: ...Sunny Boy 1800U Installation and Operator s Manual SB2500U 11 NE 15 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Fig 2 7 Interior of the Sunny Boy 1800U DC Connection Place for Piggy Back Resistors Grid Fuse AC Connection ...

Page 16: ...should be as low as possible to avoid an increase of the AC voltage to non permissible values while the Sunny Boy feeds to the grid This also results in a higher system efficiency EXAMPLE The impedance is the sum of the electricity grid impedance at house distribution and all impedance values of cables and clamping points NB Impedance values are ca 0 44 Ω for a 70 feet 16 4 m cable with a cross se...

Page 17: ... ting on the inside of the Sunny Boy with the nut Pull the wires through the conduit into the interior of the Sunny Boy Connect the wire L1 to the terminal labeled L in the Sunny Boy see Fig 2 8 Connect the wire N to the terminal labeled N in the Sunny Boy Connect the equipment grounding conductor to the terminal labeled PE in the Sunny Boy Torque wires with torque of 35 in lb Ensure all connectio...

Page 18: ... type of PV module used it is possible to connect one single string or several parallel strings Therefore there are three connections for both the and the pole Within the device these connections are connected in parallel each WARNING Before connecting the connectors of the PV panel to the DC disconnect enclosure check the correct polarity and admissible PV panel voltage between the and the cable ...

Page 19: ...e nut Do the same at the DC disconnect enclosure Ensure all circuit breakers in the DC disconnect enclosure are in the OFF position Route the wires from the DC disconnect enclosure through the conduit and into the Sunny Boy Connect the positive wire to the terminal block labeled with see Fig 2 9 Connect the negative wire to the terminal block labeled with see Fig 2 9 Torque wires with torque of 35...

Page 20: ... bot tom are closed with the seals When putting the lid on make sure the seal in the inner side of the lid is placed correctly When screwing the inner screws make sure that the thread in the Sunny Boy case is not damaged by tilted screws Under certain conditions the enclosure type NEMA 4X cannot be guaranteed any more When mounting the Sunny Boy outside moisture can get into the device and damage ...

Page 21: ...sconnect enclosure Now the Sunny Boy is supplied with the DC voltage and starts to operate If the PV panel is isolated from earth first the yellow and red LEDs and after approx 20 seconds only the red LED is on at the Sunny Boy If you have commu nication equipment you will be displayed the GFDI Fuse open failure Should both the red and the yellow LEDs still be on there is a ground fault of the PV ...

Page 22: ...placed You will find a description of the correct type in chapter 4 2 Fig 3 1 Diagram of commissioning Switch DC ON and wait 20 seconds Green LED blinking Remove GFDI Fuse Insert GFDI Fuse Only Red LED ON Remove the ground fault changing defective GFDI Fuse Normal operation grid feeding after 5 minutes Switch DC OFF and wait 5 minutes Switch DC ON and wait 30 seconds Switch DC OFF and wait 180 sec...

Page 23: ... internal consumption which it takes from the PV panel If you measure the voltage of the PV modules you must keep in mind the inverter s inter nal consumption that will have an effect on your measurement with lower solar radiation The open circuit voltage of the PV panel will therefore not be displayed The internal con sumption is negligible for the voltage measurement with higher solar radiation ...

Page 24: ...he user does not notice The user can obtain the inverter s operating status from the 3 integrated LEDs on the lid see Table 4 1 Operation indication overview The green LED Operation describes the current operation of the Sunny Boy see chap ter 4 1 Operation Indicator The red LED warns the user that the GFDI fuse is defective A description of this situa tion and what has to be done in that case is ...

Page 25: ...00U 11 NE 25 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Fig 4 1 Front view of Sunny Boy 1800U Description of the symbols used in the following section LED off LED on once per second LED on three times per second LED on with short interruptions 75 on 25 off LED on Not important ...

Page 26: ...ions are being checked green red yellow feeding grid MPP or constant voltage mode normal operation green red yellow derating mode Reduction of power fed to the grid due to increased temperature of the heat sink green red yellow isolation failure ground fault of the PV panels see chapter 4 2 green red yellow failure GFDI fuse is defective see chapter 4 2 green red yellow failure internal or externa...

Page 27: ...re on The Sunny Boy control system is initializing The string voltage to the inverter is between approx 94 V and 147 V The supply is suffi cient for the system control and not quite sufficient for feeding to the grid Data transmis sion is not possible NOTE In some seldom cases bad weather low solar radiation the LEDs can go on all at once and off again This blinking results from the fact that the ...

Page 28: ...d by the user with the Sunny Boy Control or the program Sunny Data The Sunny Boy remains in this condition until set to MPP Operation or Constant Voltage Operation Waiting Grid Monitoring Green LED blinks once per second Red LED off Yellow LED off The Sunny Boy is checking the utility concerning its suitability for feeding electricity start ing voltage starting time and begins to monitoring NOTE I...

Page 29: ...the PV modules to the voltage with the maximum output power Constant Voltage operation The voltage from the PV modules can be set to a fixed value This value is transmit ted to the Sunny Boy with the Sunny Boy Control or with the Sunny Data software The parameter is V Konst Derating Green LED blinks 75 ON 25 OFF Red LED off Yellow LED off The Sunny Boy is feeding the local electricity grid either ...

Page 30: ...ease have a look at chapter 3 First switching on If the ground fault of the PV panel is removed the inverter switches from permanent de vice disable to GFDI Fuse open failure and the yellow LED is off The red LED is still on Now the following must be done Defective GFDI fuse Green LED off Red LED on Yellow LED off The failure GFDI Fuse open is displayed If an intact fuse is then installed the inve...

Page 31: ...e The yellow failure LED is permanently on This is a failure of the utility monitoring or the automatic disconnection device MSD The Sunny Boy has detected a failure in the disconnection device and has suppressed the utility interaction on startup The Sunny Boy must be checked by service personnel and can only be put back to operation after a thorough checkup ...

Page 32: ... failure which has one of the following reasons Low grid voltage VAC min see table 9 2 High grid voltage VAC max see table 9 2 Low grid frequency fAC min see table 9 2 High grid frequency fAC max see table 9 2 Drastic grid frequency change Check the utility check the function of other electric consumers and check the fuse of the mains connector to the Sunny Boy NOTE Have the grid connection to the...

Page 33: ...mes The code is sent three times If the failure persists the indication begins once again The Sunny Boy has detected a failure based on the utility impedance values The criteria for the grid impedance is described in the section Islanding protection in the technical description of the Sunny Boy A too high utility impedance can be the reason should this failure occur very often The impedance can be...

Page 34: ...D is activated for 5 seconds is out for 3 seconds and then blinks four times The code is sent three times If the failure persists the indication is repeated The input voltage is too high The PV panels are generating a voltage higher than the permissible specified voltage WARNING Disconnect the PV Panels from the Sunny Boy immedi ately Too high input voltage can destroy the Sunny Boy Have the circu...

Page 35: ...ication LED is activated for 5 seconds is out for 3 seconds and then blinks five times The code is sent three times If the failure persists the indication is repeated The Sunny Boy is in a condition that makes it impossible to return to normal operation and is most likely defective NOTE The Sunny Boy has to be checked by a qualified technician ...

Page 36: ...ons are for use by qualified per sonnel only To reduce the risk of electric shock do not perform any sevicing other than specified in this technical description unless you are qualified to do so When working on the Sunny Boy follow the instructions below 1 Separate the Sunny Boy from the grid by opening the 120 Volt AC circuit breaker in the main fusebox WARNING Make sure the main 120 V breaker in...

Page 37: ...y Boy in front of you see Fig 2 7 and can see the posi tion of components and clamps relevant for you You will find The internal grid fuse WARNING For continued protection against risk of fire replace only with a UR fuse of 20AMP 250V AC The control system board with the socket for the piggy back board for the com munication To install the new communication components read chapter 4 5 ...

Page 38: ...in conditions the enclosure type NEMA 4X cannot be guaranteed any more When mounting the Sunny Boy outside moisture can get into the device and damage the electronics WARNING Make sure that the lid of the Sunny Boy is screwed tightly to the case before you start operating the Sunny Boy Connect the PV panel by switching ON the DC breaker in the DC disconnect enclosure Connect the grid by switching ...

Page 39: ...se considerable harm to people Only a qualified electrician may work on the device especially open it While upgrading the Sunny Boy interface the operator can get into touch both with elec tronic components and components carrying lethal voltage Faulty upgrading can lead to damage at the device and danger to people by electric voltage Therefore the device may only be upgraded by qualified personne...

Page 40: ...e desired piggy back module onto the required slot When plugging on the piggy back please make sure no socket of the piggy back plug in contacts remains open Connect the cables for RS232 or RS485 No cabling is necessary for Powerline commu nication Data cables are lead outside through the free opening at the bottom of the Sunny Boy Please insert the PG16 screws into this opening and fasten them Pu...

Page 41: ...Control System SRR Stromregelungsrechner Current Control System Measuring Channels Vpv PV input voltage Vpv Setpoint PV desired input voltage of the Vpv control Iac current to the grid Vac grid voltage Fac grid frequency Pac power fed to grid Zac grid impedance Vpv _PE PV voltage to earth Ipv current from PV panels E Total energy yield h Total total operation hours Power On total system start ups ...

Page 42: ...Imax internal over current F Shut Down internal over current continuous F MSD UAC different values between BFR and SRR for grid voltage F MSD FAC different values between BFR and SRR for grid frequency F MSD Meas different values between BFR and SRR for dI Fac Vac or Zac F K1 Close Relay test failed F K1 Open Relay test failed F EarthCurMax S SRR earth current between PV and GND is out of tolerabl...

Page 43: ...accuracy resulting from these different temperatures Unit Range Resolution Maximal failure Display Measurement ϑU 77 F Input voltage UPV V 0 650 V 1 V 1 12 V 2 Input current IPV mA 0 12000 mA 1 mA 12 mA 4 grid voltage UAC V 90 150 V 1 V 0 3 V 1 grid current IAC mA 0 15800 mA 1 mA 30 mA 2 grid frequency fAC Hz 55 5 64 5 Hz 0 01 Hz 0 01 Hz 0 1 output power PAC W 0 2500 W 1 W 1 W 3 energy yield E kWh...

Page 44: ...conduct the following steps in case your PV plant does not operate correctly check the connection to the grid and to the PV panels pay attention to all safety measures listed in chapter 2 Installation check the blinking code on the lid of the Sunny Boy and compare the code with the blinking codes in chapter 4 Follow the countermeasures listed there if necessary con tact the installer check the Mod...

Page 45: ...ontrol or a PC with Sunny Data is present What failure is indi cated Can you reproduce the failure How can you reproduce it Has this failure always occurred What were the ambient conditions as the failure occurred Information concerning the PV modules Supplier type of modules number of modules in string output power open circuit voltage Use the original box the Sunny Boy was delivered in if it is ...

Page 46: ...d item Evidence SMA will only render warranty services if the rejected device is sent back to SMA together with a copy of the account the distributor has issued for the consumer The type plate at the device must be legible In case of non fulfillment SMA reserves the right to refuse warranty services Conditions The device will be repaired at SMA s discretion in its works without invoicing material ...

Page 47: ... e g industrial power supply grids or in the neighborhood of irregular consumers unshielded motors switching power supplies converters etc Further more the simultaneous operation of babyphones may lead to short time data transmission disturbances or interruptions In case of disturbed data transmission via mains lead we offer alternatively a communication via separate data line as option RS232 or R...

Page 48: ... at its lowest point Therefore it has to take into account the lowest possible ambient temperature of the PV panel when planning the PV plant Based on this temperature and knowing the type of PV modules used you can then determine the maximum open circuit voltage of the PV panel You can enter these data into our EXCEL tool GenAu and check whether the maximum ad missible input voltage of the Sunny ...

Page 49: ...ltage and cannot follow the MPP of the PV panel Therefore the Sunny Boy has a flexible MPP voltage range There is a fixed ratio between the minimum MPP voltage VMPP min the Sunny Boy loads onto the PV panel and the grid voltage VAC as shown in Fig 7 1 Depending on the current grid voltage the minimum DC voltage is assessed and fixed This flexible MPP voltage range lets the user make optimum use of...

Page 50: ...V 139 V 400 V DC Max open circuit voltage under all conditions VPVOC 400 V DC Max input current IPV 12 A DC Max DC power PPV 1960 W DC Recommended PV panel power up to 2100 WP Voltage ripple VPP 10 All pole disconnection on DC side optional external DC breaker Pole confusion protection short circuit diode Ground fault protection ground fault detection IDif 1000 mA VACnom ...

Page 51: ... 5 PACnom Phase shift ref fundamental ϕ 0 Utility monitoring Islanding protection VAC fAC in accordance with UL 1741 Ground Fault Protection IDIF in accordance with UL1741 All pole disconnection utility independent disconnection MSD redundant design double Short circuit protection current controlled Overvoltage classification ΙΙΙ Testing voltage 50 Hz 2 88 kV 1 s Testing voltage for surge 1 2 50 µ...

Page 52: ...y 0 100 class 3K6 Size Weight Enclosure type NEMA 4X Size w x h x d 17 08 x 11 61 x 8 42 inch 434 x 295 x 214 mm Weight approx 60 lb 27 kg Certifications EMI in compliance with FCC regulations DIN EN 50081 Part 1 EN 55014 EN 60555 Part 2 EN 55011 group 1 class B DIN EN 50082 part 1 Utility interaction in compliance with UL1741 EN 61000 3 2 Utility monitoring in compliance with UL1741 optional MSD ...

Page 53: ...Sunny Boy 1800U Installation and Operator s Manual SB2500U 11 NE 53 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Fig 7 2 Maximum Input Current of the Sunny Boy 1800U Fig 7 3 Output Power of the Sunny Boy 1800U ...

Page 54: ...Sunny Boy 1800U Installation and Operator s Manual SB2500U 11 NE 54 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Fig 7 4 Efficiency of the Sunny Boy 1800U ...

Page 55: ...er 6 V Const Setval V 150 400 400 Installer Plimit W 1800 Fixed 23 Testcurrent Zac mA 0 15000 8000 Installer 28 Vac Min V 90 150 107 Installer 29 Vac Max V 90 150 130 Installer 30 Fac delta Hz 0 4 5 0 69 Installer 31 Fac delta Hz 0 4 5 0 49 Installer dFacmax Hz s 0 005 4 0 0 5 Installer 32 Zac Max mOhm 0 20000 20000 Installer 33 dZac mOhm 0 20000 20000 Installer 43 Hardware BFS Version Fixed 44 So...

Page 56: ...Sunny Boy 1800U Installation and Operator s Manual SB2500U 11 NE 56 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH 8 Appendix Certificate for the Sunny Boy 1800U ...

Page 57: ...Sunny Boy 1800U Installation and Operator s Manual SB2500U 11 NE 57 SMA Regelsysteme GmbH ...

Page 58: ...roducts technical documentation driver Manual Improved Powerline Communication with the Sunny Boy Family Sunny Boy in the Internet All documentation and software concerning the Sunny Boy products is available on the Internet http www sma de Our Sunny Boy Homepage is updated daily and offers the newest information concerning the Sunny Boy inverter family the newest software help concerning problems...

Page 59: ... 4895 Telefax 530 274 7271 eMail info sma america com Internet http www sma america com SMA in Europe Address SMA Regelsysteme GmbH Hannoversche Straße 1 5 D 34266 Niestetal Telephone 0049561 9522 0 operator 0049561 9522 499 Sunny Boy Service Telefax 0049561 9522 100 main fax 0049561 9522 4699 Sunny Boy Service eMail mailto info sma de Internet http www sma de Appendix drilling template ...