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generated voices are also used). The listeners individually grade the test sentences
using a scale that ranges from 1 to 5 (“bad” to “excellent”) and the mean score is
taken. Anything below a 3 generally indicates issues with the signal processing or
the bandwidth applied to the signal. Scores of 4 or 5 are usually considered stable
and within industry standards, and thus acceptable.
Multicast
A network technology used for delivering information to a group of destinations
at the same time. The most efficient delivery strategy is used to ensure that the
messages are delivered over each link of the network only once. Copies are cre-
ated only when the links to the multiple destinations split.
MWI (Message Waiting Indicator)
The red light for voicemails on a desk phone.
NAD (Network Access Device)
A device that provides access to a larger communication network (e.g., connects
a LAN to a WAN). Also referred to as dialer or least cost router, a NAD reroutes
calls through a network to provide the best rates for the call destination. A NAD
normally includes a router, modem, and a monitored power supply. Most NADs
can report power failures and reconnect themselves back to the network when
disconnected.
NANPA (North American Numbering Plan Administration)
The numbering plan for the Public Switched Telephone Network for Canada, the
United Stated and its territories, and the Caribbean. The plan has evolved over
time into a system of three-digit area codes and seven-digit telephone numbers.
NAT (Network Address Translation or Network Address Translator)
The method for translating an IP address used within one network to a different
IP address known within another network (one network is designated the
in-
side
network and the other is the
outside
network). NAT allows as a router, for
example, to act as an agent between the public network (e.g., the Internet) and a
private network (i.e., a local network), which means that a single, unique IP ad-
dress can represent an entire group of computers.
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