background image

31

SECTION  8

ELECTRICAL PARTS LIST

Note:

Ref. No.

Part No.

Description

Remark

Ref. No.

Part No.

Description

Remark

BASE (MAIN)

• SEMICONDUCTORS

In each case, u: µ , for example:
uA...: µ A..., uPA...: µ PA..., uPB...: µ PB...,
uPC...: µ PC..., uPD...: µ PD...

• CAPACITORS

uF : µ F

• COILS

uH : µ H

• Abbreviation

CND : Canadian model

• Due to standardization, replacements in the parts list

may be different from the parts specified in the
diagrams or the components used on the set.

• -XX, -X mean standardized parts, so they may have

some difference from the original one.

• Items marked “*” are not stocked since they are

seldom required for routine service. Some delay
should be anticipated when ordering these items.

• RESISTORS

All resistors are in ohms
METAL: Metal-film resistor
METAL OXIDE: Metal Oxide-film resistor
F : nonflammable

When indicating parts by reference
number, please include the board
name.

The components identified by
mark 

!

 or dotted line with mark

!

 are critical for safety.

Replace only with part number
specified.

Les composants identifiés par une
marque 

!

 sont critiques pour la

sécurité.
Ne les remplacer que par une
piéce portant le numéro spécifié.

*

A-3622-308-A BASE (MAIN) BOARD, COMPLETE (S9001)

***************************

*

A-3622-316-A  BASE (MAIN) BOARD, COMPLETE (S9000)

***************************

< CAPACITOR >

!

C101

1-162-117-00 CERAMIC

100PF

10%

500V

!

C102

1-162-318-11 CERAMIC

0.001uF

10%

500V

!

C103

1-162-318-11 CERAMIC

0.001uF

10%

500V

!

C104

1-162-318-11 CERAMIC

0.001uF

10%

500V

!

C105

1-162-318-11 CERAMIC

0.001uF

10%

500V

C106

1-126-965-11 ELECT

22uF

20%

50V

C107

1-126-964-11 ELECT

10uF

20%

50V

C108

1-163-251-11 CERAMIC CHIP

100PF

5%

50V

!

C111

1-136-193-11 FILM

0.47uF

10%

250V

C301

1-163-033-00 CERAMIC CHIP

0.022uF

50V

C302

1-163-033-00 CERAMIC CHIP

0.022uF

50V

C303

1-126-963-11 ELECT

4.7uF

20%

50V

C304

1-163-038-00 CERAMIC CHIP

0.1uF

25V

C305

1-163-009-11 CERAMIC CHIP

0.001uF

10%

50V

C306

1-126-916-11 ELECT

1000uF

20%

6.3V

C307

1-164-505-11 CERAMIC CHIP

2.2uF

16V

C308

1-164-489-11 CERAMIC CHIP

0.22uF

10%

16V

C309

1-164-489-11 CERAMIC CHIP

0.22uF/B

10%

16V

C310

1-163-001-11 CERAMIC CHIP

220P/B

10%

50V

C312

1-163-037-11 CERAMIC CHIP

0.022uF

10%

25V

(S9001)

C313

1-162-638-11 CERAMIC CHIP

1uF

16V

C315

1-164-004-11 CERAMIC CHIP

0.1uF

10%

25V

C318

1-163-009-11 CERAMIC CHIP

1000PF/B 10%

50V

C321

1-163-009-11 CERAMIC CHIP

1000P/B

10%

50V

C322

1-163-001-11 CERAMIC CHIP

220P/B

10%

50V

C325

1-164-489-11 CERAMIC CHIP

0.22uF/B

10%

16V

C327

1-163-009-11 CERAMIC CHIP

1000P/B

10%

50V

(S9001)

C328

1-163-009-11 CERAMIC CHIP

1000P/B

10%

50V

(S9001)

C501

1-163-038-00 CERAMIC CHIP

0.1uF

25V

C502

1-163-038-00 CERAMIC CHIP

0.1uF

25V

C503

1-163-235-11 CERAMIC CHIP

22PF

5%

50V

C504

1-163-038-91 CERAMIC CHIP

0.1uF

25V

C505

1-163-038-91 CERAMIC CHIP

0.1uF

25V

C506

1-163-038-00 CERAMIC CHIP

0.1uF

25V

C507

1-126-964-11 ELECT

10uF

20%

50V

C508

1-163-031-11 CERAMIC CHIP

0.01uF

50V

C509

1-162-919-11 CERAMIC CHIP

22PF

5%

50V

C510

1-163-237-11 CERAMIC CHIP

27PF

5%

50V

C511

1-163-025-11 CERAMIC CHIP

0.001uF

50V

C512

1-163-038-00 CERAMIC CHIP

0.1uF

25V

C513

1-126-964-11 ELECT

10uF

20%

50V

C514

1-163-038-00 CERAMIC CHIP

0.1uF

25V

C515

1-163-038-00 CERAMIC CHIP

0.1uF

25V

C516

1-164-156-11 CERAMIC CHIP

0.1uF

25V

C518

1-162-925-91 CERAMIC CHIP

68PF

5%

50V

C519

1-164-156-11 CERAMIC CHIP

0.1uF/F

C702

1-163-139-00 CERAMIC CHIP

820PF

5%

50V

C703

1-163-139-00 CERAMIC CHIP

820PF

5%

50V

C704

1-163-025-11 CERAMIC CHIP

0.001uF

50V

C912

1-163-037-11 CERAMIC CHIP

0.022uF

10%

25V

C917

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47P

5%

50V

C918

1-126-964-11 ELECT

10uF

20%

50V

C919

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47PF

5%

50V

C920

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47PF

5%

50V

C921

1-126-967-11 ELECT

47uF

20%

50V

C922

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47PF

5%

50V

C923

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47PF

5%

50V

C925

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47P

5%

50V

C926

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47PF

5%

50V

C927

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47P

5%

50V

C928

1-126-964-11 ELECT

10uF

20%

50V

C930

1-126-965-11 ELECT

22uF

20%

50V

C931

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47P

5%

50V

C932

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47P

5%

50V

C933

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47P

5%

50V

C934

1-126-965-11 ELECT

22uF

20%

50V

C935

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47PF

5%

50V

C936

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47PF

5%

50V

C937

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47PF

5%

50V

C938

1-126-964-11 ELECT

10uF

20%

50V

C939

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47PF

5%

50V

C940

1-164-004-11 CERAMIC CHIP

0.1uF

10%

25V

C941

1-163-001-11 CERAMIC CHIP

220PF

10%

50V

C942

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47P

5%

50V

C943

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47PF

5%

50V

C947

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47PF

5%

50V

C948

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47P

5%

50V

C950

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47PF

5%

50V

C951

1-164-004-11 CERAMIC CHIP

0.1uF

10%

25V

C952

1-163-235-11 CERAMIC CHIP

22PF

5%

50V

C953

1-163-989-11 CERAMIC CHIP

0.033uF

10%

25V

C954

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47PF

5%

50V

C956

1-163-243-11 CERAMIC CHIP

47PF

5%

50V

Summary of Contents for SPP-S9000 - Cordless Telephone

Page 1: ...1 MICROFILM SPP S9000 S9001 US Model SPP S9000 S9001 Canadian Model SPP S9001 SPECIFICATIONS SERVICE MANUAL CORDLESS TELEPHONE Photo SPP S9001 ...

Page 2: ...in Functions 26 7 EXPLODED VIEWS 7 1 Handset Section 29 7 2 Base Unit Section 30 8 ELECTRICAL PARTS LIST 31 Notes on chip component replacement Never reuse a disconnected chip component Notice that the minus side of a tantalum capacitor may be damaged by heat SAFETY RELATED COMPONENT WARNING COMPONENTS IDENTIFIED BY MARK OR DOTTED LINE WITH MARK ON THE SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS AND IN THE PARTS LIST ARE ...

Page 3: ...3 SECTION 1 GENERAL This section is extracted from instruction manual ...

Page 4: ...4 ...

Page 5: ...5 ...

Page 6: ...BTP 2 6x8 Screw BTP 2 6x12 Hand main board Helical antenna Connector CN601 1 2 3 4 5 2 2 CABINET REAR HANDSET 2 3 HAND MAIN BOARD HANDSET 2 1 BATTERY CASE LID HANDSET 2 4 CABINET AND BOARDS BASE UNIT 1 Two screws P3x10 7 Four screws P3x10 8 Base Main board 0 LED board Button H L Lens Basic 5 Cabinet Upper 3 Cabinet Lower assy 2 Two screws P3x10 9 Two screws BTP2 6x8 6 Antenna terminal 4 Three conn...

Page 7: ...quested side is the slave when the RF link has been established 2 Initial acquisition In order to establish the RF link between BASE UNIT and HAND SET both of BASE UNIT and HANDSET need to have the same system ID When power is applied to this system the system have to do Initial Acquisition in order to have the same system ID It is to exchange a parameter when the HANDSET is parked on the BASE UNI...

Page 8: ...f the BASE UNIT can not receive the A Frame of Heart beat from the HANDSET it become link error and the system become error recovery mode 4 Stand by Mode Operation 1 HANDSET When the HANDSET is the stand by mode sleep mode the HANDSET do the intermittent operation for power save be cause the HANDSET is the battery operation This process of stand by mode operation is as follows 10 sec 10 sec Heart ...

Page 9: ...ent are as fol lows Fig 3 3 Link Establishment protocol Master TX Master RX Slave RX Slave TX Master Time Slot Trip Delay TX RX TX RX TX A V A V V V V A V A V Fig 3 4 Link Establishment Timing Chart 6 State Change Tarmination After the RF link between HANDSET and BASE UNIT was es tablished a movement of each state State ON Hook OFF Hook PAGE InterCom etc is sent through supervisory bits 7 Error Re...

Page 10: ... UNIT TEST MODE IDLING A Test mode Note If the LEDs are lit due to the idling state test clear all the LEDs and return to the idling state Base Set AUDIO Input Output Level test CODEC Forward Loop Back LI Mode Dial Test After starting BASE UNITTESTModeA close the circuit for about 500 msec after start and dial PAUSE 0 DP wait 2 seconds 1 Tone 4 Tone 8 Tone Tone in this order Ring Detect Test 1 Rin...

Page 11: ...iddle power 10ch continuous transmission mode low power 20ch continuous transmission mode high power 20ch continuous transmission mode middle power 20ch continuous transmission mode low power 1ch continuous reception mode 10ch continuous reception mode 20ch continuous reception mode Returns to BASE UNIT TEST MODE IDLING B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 Radio block TDD mode master timing ...

Page 12: ... first and then set the desired mode A Test Resetting Command 0 0 0 1 Mode Operation Ends the test mode Clears the EEPROM data Sounds the ACK beep if OK Exits the test mode and returns to the normal operating state Returns to test mode idling Note In the continuous reception test the All 1 s Data in ASIC should be used Command Mode Operation 1ch continuous reception LNA AGC ON CH increment 1ch n 2...

Page 13: ...ck the Transmission Wave Purpose It is necessary to check spectrum wave of transmission wave which is an important factor in order to confirm operational performance of Spread Spectrum models If this wave deviates from correct wave form normal data transmission cannot be made and as a result of that possibility that occurrence of mute increases and communica tion distance becomes shorter will incr...

Page 14: ...tting Test mode Continuous Transmit mode CH1 High Power Refer to Test Mode on page 21 Measurement Measure transmitting wave f0 Formula of center frequency Refer Fig 5 Specification 904 2 MHz 27 kHz Center Frequency Fig 4 Fig 5 Confirm Transmitting output Measuring process Setting Spectrum analyzer Center frequency 904 2 MHz CH1 RBW 1 MHz VBW 100 kHz Span 5 MHz Setting Test mode Continuous Transmit...

Page 15: ...BASE UNIT MIN 18 dBm at High power Include location loss Measurement Measure peak level by Spectrum analyzer CENTER 903 600 MHz RES BW 1 0 MHz SPAN 5 000 MHz SWP 20 0 msec 903 587 MHz MKR 3 67 dBm AT 10 dB 0 dBm REF PEAK LOG WA SB SC FC CORR PLOTTER ADRS 10 dB VBW 100 kHz 0 ...

Page 16: ... see page 7 2 Checking TX Center Frequency Setting short TP515 TP567 GND level meter oscilloscope TP558 RXIP TP557 RXIN TP556 RXQP TP555 RXQN TP567 GND SSG ANTENNA TERMINAL frequency counter ANTENNA TERMINAL Procedure 1 Short TP515 GND and TP567 GND on the BASE MAIN board in the base unit 2 Place the base unit in the Continuous Transmit more CH1 High power 3 Measure the ANT OUT frequency of the RF...

Page 17: ...ng short TP820 TP814 GND level meter oscilloscope TP804 RXIP TP803 RXIN TP802 RXQP TP801 RXQN TP814 GND SSG ANTENNA TERMINAL frequency counter ANTENNA TERMINAL peak power meter ANTENNA TERMINAL TP812 Procedure 1 Short TP555 GND and TP814 GND on the HAND MAIN board in the handset 2 Place the handset in the Continuous Transmit more CH1 High power 3 Measure the ANT OUT frequency of the RF module in t...

Page 18: ...X Output TP555 RXQN TP556 RXQP TP557 RXIN TP558 RXIP level meter Chcking RX I Q Output Level short TP515 TP567 GND Checking TX Center Frequency short TP820 TP814 GND Checking TX Center Frequency ANTENNA TERMINAL SSG Checking RX I Q Output Level frequency counter Checking TX Center Frequency peak power meter Checking TX Output TP801 RXQN TP802 RXQP TP803 RXIN TP804 RXIP level meter Chcking RX I Q O...

Page 19: ...Talk Voltages are taken with a VOM Input impedance 10 MΩ Voltage variations may be noted due to normal produc tion tolerances Waveforms are taken with a oscilloscope Voltage variations may be noted due to normal produc tion tolerances Circled numbers refer to waveforms Signal path N RX O TX P bell Note on Printed Wiring Boards Note X parts extracted from the component side b Pattern from the side ...

Page 20: ...SPP S9000 S9001 20 20 Semiconductor Location Ref No Location IC501 F 6 Q902 D 4 Q903 D 4 Q904 E 3 Q905 E 2 Q907 F 2 Q908 G 1 6 2 PRINTED WIRING BOARD BASE UNIT SECTION ...

Page 21: ... 4 D104 B 4 D105 B 5 D106 A 4 D107 A 5 D108 A 6 D301 D 2 D303 E 10 D304 E 9 D310 E 9 D502 F 5 D503 E 2 IC301 D 2 IC302 D 5 IC502 G 7 Q101 A 6 Q102 D 4 Q103 D 3 Q301 D 7 Q302 G 10 Q303 G 9 Q304 E 10 Q305 E 9 Q306 G 9 Q307 C 9 Q405 Semiconductor Location Ref No Location D573 A 4 D574 A 4 ...

Page 22: ...CK NORMAL CHARGE CONTROL CHARGE CONTROL Q303 304 305 CHARGE CONTROL EEPROM Page 23 L110 15nH L111 2 7nH RF UNIT C313 0 001 D306 RD15SB T1 D307 RD6 8SB T1 C513 10 50V C321 0 001 C322 220p C310 220p D326 RD15SB T1 D302 RD6 8SB T1 470 D322 RD6 8SB T1 C519 0 1 D321 RD6 8SB T1 L504 1k 68 R519 0 D325 RD6 8SB T1 D320 RD6 8SB T1 C325 0 22 8200 D328 RD6 8SB T1 D323 RD6 8SB T1 D324 RD6 8SB T1 D327 RD15SB T1...

Page 23: ...PH102 EXT OFF HOOK DETECT HOOK ON OFF CONTROL PROTECT RX MUTE TX MUTE AMP AMP AMP AMP RING DET Page 22 0 01 B 10k 15k 47p L204 68nH R966 22 C902 330 10V 47k 33k 140k 220k 47 47 47 47p C942 47p 47 47 C948 47p C931 47p C969 0 001 R929 4 7k C970 0 001 C933 47p R931 4 7k C968 47p C932 47p C925 47p 47p C927 47p 47p 47p C917 47p ...

Page 24: ... 10 D203 D 11 D205 D 10 D206 C 8 D207 C 11 D208 D 12 D209 D 11 D414 B 7 D 601 B 13 D801 A 2 IC201 D 10 IC401 C 4 IC402 C 6 Q201 D 9 Q202 C 10 Q203 C 10 Q204 C 11 Q601 B 13 Semiconductor Location Ref No Location D402 B 7 D403 A 6 D404 B 11 D405 C 11 D406 C 9 D407 B 9 D416 A 4 D417 A 3 D418 A 3 D419 A 3 D420 A 3 Q402 B 6 ...

Page 25: ...TENNA SWITCH BATT LOW ILLUMINATION SWITCH SPEAKER C809 22P C808 22P 0 1 0 1 0 1 10P 220 22 2 2 330 8200P 8200P 10 R403 22uH L401 1 5k L402 56nH 0 1 SML 221BT 220 L205 6 8uH L206 6 8uH L207 6 8uH L202 0 L203 0 C211 0 1 L204 6 8uH R401 0 R402 0 D422 RD5 6SB D401 RD5 6SB D413 RD5 6SB t1 C616 47p C627 10 L803 4 7nH L201 3 3nH ...

Page 26: ... with 0 1mF capacitor Analog power supply Line driver output DAC channel Analog 0V power supply Positive speaker driver output DAC channel Negative speaker driver output DAC channel Not used open Digital 0V power supply Digital power supply 2 7 5 5 Volts Analog 0V power supply Pin No Pin Name I O Function 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 ...

Page 27: ...ot used open HAND BASE select input VDD supply to pad ring VSS supply to pad ring Not used open Not used open VDD supply to core VSS supply to core Not used open Clock signal output to the EEPROM Two way data bus with the EEPROM ART input Park input active low on base station active high on handset ART output Frame sync Serial data input Serial data output Main clock input Not used open Analog 0V ...

Page 28: ...ctional control LCD data Keypad bidirectional control LCD data Keypad bidirectional control LCD data Keypad bidirectional control LCD data Not used open VSS supply to core VDD supply to core Not used open VSS supply to pad ring VDD supply to pad ring LNA select Receive enable Synthesizer data 9 6 MHz clock used by synthesizer Synthesizer clock Synthesizer strobe Synthesizer power VDD supply to A D...

Page 29: ...01 TERMINAL HAND CHARGE 14 3 034 823 01 CABINET REAR S9001 14 3 034 823 11 CABINET REAR S9000 15 3 018 253 01 CUSHION BATTERY 16 3 034 816 01 LID HAND BATTERY CASE S9001 16 3 034 816 11 LID HAND BATTERY CASE S9000 ANT1 1 754 081 11 ANTENNA S9001 ANT1 1 754 081 21 ANTENNA HELICAL S9000 SP1 1 505 695 11 SPEAKER 2 1CM 1 3 034 824 01 PANEL 926 2 3 014 329 01 CUSHION SP 3 X 3377 753 1 HINGEASSY 4 3 034...

Page 30: ...A S9001 66 3 037 079 11 BODY ANTENNA S9000 ANT701 3 038 540 01 TERMINAL ANTENNA S9001 51 3 034 827 01 CABINET UPPER S9001 51 3 038 256 01 CABINET UPPER S9000 52 A 3622 308 A BASE MAIN BOARD COMPLETE S9001 52 A 3622 316 A BASE MAIN BOARD COMPLETE S9000 53 3 034 830 01 HOLDER HAND SET S9001 53 3 034 830 11 HOLDER HAND SET S9000 54 3 034 825 01 LENS BASIC S9001 54 3 034 825 11 LENS BASIC S9000 55 3 0...

Page 31: ...P 220P B 10 50V C325 1 164 489 11 CERAMIC CHIP 0 22uF B 10 16V C327 1 163 009 11 CERAMIC CHIP 1000P B 10 50V S9001 C328 1 163 009 11 CERAMIC CHIP 1000P B 10 50V S9001 C501 1 163 038 00 CERAMIC CHIP 0 1uF 25V C502 1 163 038 00 CERAMIC CHIP 0 1uF 25V C503 1 163 235 11 CERAMIC CHIP 22PF 5 50V C504 1 163 038 91 CERAMIC CHIP 0 1uF 25V C505 1 163 038 91 CERAMIC CHIP 0 1uF 25V C506 1 163 038 00 CERAMIC C...

Page 32: ...46 FUSE F101 1 533 542 11 FUSE 250V 500mA IC IC301 8 759 482 72 IC uPC29M05HF IC302 8 759 519 47 IC S 80730AN DT T1 IC501 8 759 597 20 IC R6753 71 IC502 8 759 487 03 IC S 24C01AFJA TB 01 JACK J301 1 779 207 11 JACK DC POLARITY UNIFIED TYPE DC IN 9V JUMPER RESISTOR JC301 1 216 295 91 SHORT 0 JC302 1 216 295 91 SHORT 0 JC501 1 216 864 11 METAL CHIP 0 5 1 16W JC502 1 216 295 91 SHORT 0 JC503 1 216 29...

Page 33: ...16 009 00 RES CHIP 22 5 1 10W R513 1 216 864 11 METAL CHIP 0 5 1 16W R514 1 216 864 11 METAL CHIP 0 5 1 16W R515 1 216 817 11 METAL CHIP 470 5 1 16W R516 1 216 057 00 METAL CHIP 2 2K 5 1 10W R517 1 216 121 00 RES CHIP 1M 5 1 10W R518 1 216 809 11 METAL CHIP 100 5 1 16W R519 1 216 295 00 SHORT 0 R521 1 216 041 00 METAL CHIP 470 5 1 10W R522 1 216 073 00 METAL CHIP 10K 5 1 10W R523 1 216 833 00 RES ...

Page 34: ...18 1 164 360 00 CERAMIC CHIP 0 1uF 50V C419 1 162 995 11 CERAMIC CHIP 0 1uF 50V C420 1 125 822 11 TANTALUM 10uF 20 10V C421 1 164 360 11 CERAMIC CHIP 0 1uF 16V C423 1 164 360 00 CERAMIC CHIP 0 1uF 50V C424 1 162 915 11 CERAMIC CHIP 10PF 5 50V C425 1 162 974 11 CERAMIC CHIP 0 01uF 50V C601 1 163 031 11 CERAMIC CHIP 0 01uF 50V C602 1 163 038 00 CERAMIC CHIP 0 1uF 25V C603 1 163 038 00 CERAMIC CHIP 0...

Page 35: ...097 00 RES CHIP 100K 5 1 10W R206 1 216 069 00 METAL CHIP 6 8K 5 1 10W R207 1 216 089 00 RES CHIP 47K 5 1 10W R208 1 216 073 00 METAL CHIP 10K 5 1 10W R209 1 216 049 00 RES CHIP 1K 5 1 10W R210 1 216 097 00 RES CHIP 100K 5 1 10W R211 1 216 089 00 RES CHIP 47K 5 1 10W R212 1 216 073 00 METAL CHIP 10K 5 1 10W R213 1 216 073 00 METAL CHIP 10K 5 1 10W R214 1 216 097 11 RES CHIP 100K 5 1 10W R215 1 216...

Page 36: ...HORT 0 R631 1 216 045 00 METAL CHIP 680 5 1 10W R632 1 216 057 00 METAL CHIP 2 2K 5 1 10W R633 1 216 057 00 METAL CHIP 2 2K 5 1 10W R805 1 216 057 00 METAL CHIP 2 2K 5 1 10W R806 1 216 039 00 METAL CHIP 390 5 1 10W R807 1 216 039 00 METAL CHIP 390 5 1 10W MODULATOR RFU801 1 418 269 11 RF UNIT SWITCH S401 1 762 636 11 SWITCH SLIDE RINGER S601 1 771 761 11 SWITCH SLIDE VOLUME VIBRATOR X401 1 767 566...

Reviews: