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no longer influence heart rate, and a linear relationship exists. As the heart rate
rises above 150, the heart rate-oxygen uptake relationship becomes curvilinear.
The third assumption involves maximal heart rate. Maximal heart rate is
the greatest heart rate that can be measured when an individual is exercising to
the point of volitional fatigue (i.e., exhaustion) during a graded exercise test. Sev-
eral equations have been developed to estimate the average maximal heart rate
for humans:
•
Maximal heart rate = 220 minus age (low estimate)
•
Maximal heart rate = 210 minus [0.5 x age] (high estimate)
•
Maximal heart rate = 226 minus age (estimate for older
individuals)
Maximal heart rate can, however, vary greatly among different
individuals of the same age. One standard deviation is
+
12 bpm, which means
that two-thirds of the population varies an average of plus or minus 12 heart
beats from the average given by a prediction equation. If an individual’s age-pre-
dicted maximal heart rate is higher than that person’s true maximal heart rate,
then his/her estimated VO
2 max
will be an overestimation of the correct or actual
value.
The final assumption addresses the issue of mechanical efficiency. Be-
cause oxygen uptake at any given work rate can vary by approximately 15% be-
tween different individuals, individuals vary in the amount of oxygen they require
to perform a certain exercise workload. Some individuals are more efficient at
performing a given task than others. As a result, the average oxygen consump-
tion associated with a given workload may vary significantly from one person to
another. Thus, VO
2 max
predicted by submaximal exercise tests tends to be overes-
timated for those who are mechanically efficient and underestimated for those
who are inefficient.
The point to remember is that submaximal exercise testing, though not
as precise as maximal exercise testing, is not without advantages. For example,
the results of such testing can provide a fairly accurate reflection of an
individual’s fitness status without the cost, risk, effort (on the part of the subject)
and time involved in max testing. If an individual is given repeated
FREERUNNER 5600 ESS CONSOLE
Summary of Contents for FREERUNNER 5600
Page 1: ...FREERUNNER 5600 OWNER S MANUAL...
Page 98: ...Page 89 Figure 22 Leg Assembly APPENDIX...
Page 99: ...Page 90 Figure 23 Heel Link Assembly APPENDIX...
Page 101: ...Page 92 APPENDIX Figure 25 Pedal Assembly...
Page 103: ...Page 94 Figure 27 Heel Link Pivot Adjustment APPENDIX...
Page 104: ...Page 95 Figure 28 Handle Assembly APPENDIX...
Page 106: ...Page 97 Figure 30 Power Control Board A APPENDIX...
Page 107: ...Page 98 APPENDIX Figure 31 LED Panel...
Page 108: ...Page 99 APPENDIX Figure 32 Power Control Board B...
Page 109: ...Page 100 APPENDIX Figure 33 Alternator Cable...
