Standard Operating Procedures
L410 UVP-E20
Document No.:
SOP-L410-1
Page 7- 26
Rev: 1
Date: JAN 18
Prepared by: LA
Checked by : CLS
7.21 Circling Approach
A circling approach is a instrument flight manoeuvre with visual references. Each circling
situation is different, because of the variables such as runway layout, final approach track,
wind velocity terrain and meteorological conditions. Therefore, there can be no single
procedure designed that will cater for conducting a circling approach in every situation. For
this reason it is essential that a circling approach is discussed in detail in the approach
briefing. Use of autopilot, work distribution and missed approach procedures must be
agreed upon by both pilots.
After initial visual contact, the basic assumption is that the runway environment (i.e. runway
threshold, approach lights etc.) should be kept in sight during the circling.
Ground contact to the runway has to be established, at the latest, at the respective MDA
over the MAPt. No descent below MDA is allowed unless:
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Visual reference has been established and can be maintained.
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Pilot has the landing threshold in sight.
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Required obstacle clearance can be maintained.
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The aircraft is in a configuration to carry out a landing.
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Aircraft is established on a approximately 3° glide path to the runway in use.
Notice: If ceiling and ATC allow, fly at the normal circuit altitude according to your aircraft
category. This will make any manoeuvrings safer and brings your view of the landing runway
into a more normal perspective. With weather conditions close to the minimum, especially
at night, left hand circuit should be requested (in accordance with local procedures) and
the Captain should perform the approach.
The work distribution on the visual segment will be such that the PF primarily looks out to
keep the runway in sight, to follow the intended pattern and simultaneously maintain speed,
altitude and heading. The PNF monitors instrument indications, looks out and calls out any
deviation from intended and safe flight path. Full use of the autopilot shall be made
according to AFM limitations. GPS may be programmed to assist.
Navigation facilities setting is like as given approach kind, which is followed by landing
circuit. From table
„CIRCLE-TO-LAND“ flight crew states MDA/H depending on airspeed which will be
maintained after MDA/H is reached.
In case of sufficient visual reference is obtained, PF turns 45°(during this turn wind influence
must be calculated) and continues 30 sec. After this time follows runway heading
according to wind influence and keeps continuous visual contact. After the runway
threshold level is passed follows this direction for 40 sec. Then starts to turn into the direction
of landing. As lately as is on final, with sufficient visual contact and reaching position where
is the longing possible, issues command „LANDING“ . All approach is performed with landing
gear extended and flaps 18°.
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