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Telos Zephyr, User Manual

The Windsor Zephyr user manual is available for free download at 88.208.23.73:8080. This comprehensive manual provides step-by-step instructions and helpful insights on how to maximize the performance of your Windsor Zephyr product. Get the most out of your device with this detailed user manual.

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 Section 7    AUDIO CODING PRINCIPLES 

106

OVERVIEW

Introduction to Audio Coding

Without data rate reduction, high quality audio requires a transmission capacity of
about 700kbps for each audio channel. At 56kbps, a telephone channel offers a rate
about 8% of the Compact Disc’s.

The first practical coding methods used a principle called ADPCM, Adaptive Delta Pulse
Code Modulation. This takes advantage of the fact that it takes fewer bits to code the
difference, or delta,  between successive audio samples compared to using the
individual values. Further efficiency is had by adaptively varying the difference
comparitor according to the nature of the program material. G.722 and APT- X are
examples of ADPCM schemes. They achieve around a factor of 4 reduction in bitrate.

For high- fidelity transmission, algorithms with more power are required. These are
based on psychoacoustics, where the coding process is adapted to the human
perceptual system. There are several algorithms available with varying complexity and
performance levels.

Some years ago, the international standards group ISO/IEC established the ISO/MPEG

(Moving Pictures Expert Group)

 in order to develop a universal standard for encoding

moving pictures and associated audio for use with digital storage and transmission
media. The standard was finalized in November 1992 with three related algorithms,
called Layers, being defined for encoding of audio taking advantage of psychoacoustic
effects. While Layer I and II are intended for compression factors of about 4 and 6- 8
respectively, with Layer III factors of up to 12.5 can be achieved.

Basic Principles of Perceptual Coding

With perceptual coding, only information that can be perceived by the human auditory
system is retained.

Lossless – which, for audio, translates to noiseless – coding with perfect reconstruction
would be an optimum system, since no information would be lost or altered. It might
seem that lossless, redundancy- reducing methods (such as PKZIP, Disk Doubler, and
others used for computer hard- disk compression) would be applicable to audio.
Unfortunately, no constant compression rate is possible due to signal- dependent
variations in redundancy: There are highly redundant signals like constant sine tones
(where the only information necessary is the frequency, phase, amplitude, and duration
of the tone), while other signals, such as those which approach broadband noise, may
be completely unpredictable and contain no redundancy at all. Since any system
intended for a telephone channel is required to have a consistent output rate and must
accommodate the worst case, no compression is possible with redundancy reduction
alone.

Fortunately, psychoacoustics permits a clever solution! Effects called “masking” have
been discovered in the human auditory system. These masking effects (which merely
prove that our brain is also doing the equivalent of coding) have been found to occur in
both the frequency and time domains and can be exploited for audio data reduction.

Summary of Contents for Zephyr

Page 1: ...Digital Network Audio Transceiver The Best Way to Hear from There User s Manual Manual Version 3 0 November 1997 ...

Page 2: ...The address is support zephyr com Via World Wide Web The Telos Web site has a variety of information which may be useful for product selection and locating other compatible users The URL is http www zephyr com Feedback We welcome feedback on any aspect of the Zephyr or this manual In the past many good ideas from users have made their way into software revisions or new products Please contact us w...

Page 3: ...ges in the products described in this manual which may affect the product specifications or to revise the manual without notice All rights reserved Notice All versions claims of compatibility trademarks etc of hardware and software products not made by Telos mentioned in this manual or accompanying material are informational only Telos Systems makes no endorsement of any particular product for any...

Page 4: ...aled battery container WARNING To reduce the risk of electrical shock do not expose this product to rain or moisture Do not shower with the unit This symbol wherever it appears alerts you to the presence of uninsulated dangerous voltage inside the enclosure voltage which may be sufficient to constitute a risk of shock This symbol wherever it appears alerts you to important operating and maintenanc...

Page 5: ...les require the use of only shielded cables CANADA WARNING This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications Le present appareil numerique n emet pas de bruits radioelectriques depassant les limites applicables aux appareils numeriques de les Class A prescrites dans le Regle...

Page 6: ...t Output Audio 18 Connecting to The ISDN Line 18 Powering Up 19 Basic Configuration 19 Placing Your First Call to Yourself 22 Your Next Call to Telos 23 What s Next 24 Where to find answers to frequently asked questions 25 INTRODUCTION SECTION 2 27 THE BEST WAY TO HEAR FROM THERE 28 Introducing Zephyr 28 Features and Benefits 29 Overview Zephyr the Box 31 Ordering Guide 32 Zephyr Transmission Mode...

Page 7: ...ERATION SECTION 4 53 INTRODUCTION 54 CONNECTING TO ISDN 54 The U and S T Interface USA 55 The S T Only Interface Europe and Elsewhere 57 CONNECTING AUDIO 58 LCD AND PUSHBUTTONS 58 Status Screen 58 Getting Help 59 Using The Menu System 60 Setup to the ISDN Line 63 Making A Call 68 Using Auto Dial 73 Storing Setups 75 Calls To A Regular Phone 76 SETTING AUDIO CODING MODES 78 Transmit Xmt and Receive...

Page 8: ...HED 56 98 MORE NETWORK OPTIONS 99 Primary Rate ISDN 99 Digital Data Service DDS 99 Other Possibilities 99 USING THE ZEPHYR WITH NON ISDN NETWORKS 99 V 35 X 21 Network Connection 99 AUDIO CODING SECTION 7 105 OVERVIEW 106 Introduction to Audio Coding 106 Basic Principles of Perceptual Coding 106 ISO MPEG LAYER III 108 Layer III Features 109 ISO MPEG LAYER II 110 G 722 111 CASCADING 112 CHOOSING THE...

Page 9: ... 157 CONNECTING TO A COMPUTER 158 SYNTAX USED IN THIS MANUAL 160 COMMANDS AND FUNCTIONS 160 Ancillary Data 171 Startup Commands 172 MS WINDOWS ZephyrControl SOFTWARE 173 PARALLEL PORT AND CLOSURES 174 ADVANCED PROBLEM SOLVING SECTION 10 177 GENERAL 178 Thinking About Problem Solving 178 ISDN RELATED 185 DETAILED TECHNICAL INFORMATION SECTION 11 197 PHILOSOPHY 198 DSP CARDS CONFIGURATION MODES 198 ...

Page 10: ... 222 SPECIFICATIONS AND WARRANTY SECTION 14 223 SPECIFICATIONS 224 ZEPHYR LIMITED WARRANTY 227 APPENDICES SECTION 15 229 ABOUT AUDIO LEVELS 230 CODEC COMPATIBILITY INFORMATION 232 FINDING PUBLIC ZEPHYR SITES 240 ISDN BRI ZEPHYR AND YOU 248 Ordering ISDN 248 List of Known Working SPIDs by Telephone Company 242 MENU S AT A GLANCE Utility Menu Summary 245 FAXABLE ISDN BRI LINE ORDER FORM 261 ...

Page 11: ...and networks But now come the liberating technologies that do for us what networking is doing for computing digital telephony and high power audio data coding These make possible the instant dial up transportation of audio from and to anywhere in the modern world Digital telephone interconnection is being delivered to us via ISDN and ISO MPEG Layer III is the perfect coding method to exploit it fo...

Page 12: ... the Zephyr s built in ISDN terminal Adapter Recommended reading for all ISDN users COMPATIBILITY TIP Important information about modes between Zephyrs and particularly for between Zephyrs and other codecs You should read these DEEP TECH NOTE Amaze your technical friends with your voluminous knowledge of the detailed technical intricacies of the Zephyr and ISDN and Coding technologies Not necessar...

Page 13: ...Table of Contents 13 SECTION 1 QUICK RESULTS ...

Page 14: ... use to impress others If you need to put the unit in service today or have experience with other similar equipment this section will allow you to get started quickly with your Zephyr Quick Results Are for You If You Know how to dial a telephone call Are not intimidated by looking at the front panel of the Zephyr Are willing to erase all of the settings in your Zephyr that may have been programmed...

Page 15: ...ype modular cable that fits into the lower jack on the Zephyr 2 OR You have an older Zephyr with an external NT1 or the European model The NT1 is about the size of a small book has some telephone type connectors and usually has some little indicator lights Two cables required The first is a large telephone type modular cable with eight wires that fits into the upper or only jack on the Zephyr and ...

Page 16: ...ou must know what type you have In addition ISDN circuits in the US and some other countries may also have Service Profile IDentification SPID numbers SPIDs when used must be programmed into the Zephyr In rare circumstances US users may also need Directory Numbers DNs if the telephone numbers are not incorporated into the SPIDs Here is a summary of what you need to know and a place to write it dow...

Page 17: ...ne is connected to an internal phone system that requires you dial a prefix for an outside line write it here ISDN TIP European users should disregard all references to SPIDs Euro ISDN does not have SPIDs If your ISDN configuration requires MSNs they may be entered in the MSN SPID 1 2 screen ...

Page 18: ...ephone type modular cable interconnect the lower modular jack on the Zephyr and the jack installed by the telephone company Be careful to insert the cable in the center of each jack as it is the middle two wires that have the ISDN circuit 2 User purchased external NT1 Using a large RJ 45 style telephone type modular cable with eight wires interconnect the upper or only jack on the Zephyr and a jac...

Page 19: ...f your Zephyr On the lower left the SYNC indicator should be illuminated If you have a proper audio connection and are feeding an audio signal to the Zephyr you will see activity on the two SEND meters on the left side of the front panel With some mono transmit modes there will be no indication on the Channel B send meter Basic Configuration Your Zephyr should display a screen that looks like this...

Page 20: ...uire you to push the key to confirm that you wish to erase all settings We are now ready to configure your Zephyr Follow these instructions exactly for the most reliable path to success We will be using the UTIL button This will take you through the Utility menus where most of your configurations are stored 1 You now have two options If you have EuroISDN or another service that does not have SPIDs...

Page 21: ... it 6 Press the SELECT button Using the dial pad enter the 7 digit Directory Number of your second line Then press the YES button to store it Now press the UTIL once You should see a screen that looks like this Telco Natl I 1 Panic Dial NO NO options 7 Press the NO button until the type of ISDN you have appears on the screen Then press the YES button to accept it Even if the correct ISDN type is s...

Page 22: ...line was installed exactly as specified in the ISDN ordering instructions found in the appendix of the manual If you have a Zephyr with an internal NT1 the green status LED near the jack on the rear panel should be on solid If it is not you have a very basic line problem see section 10 Advanced Problem Solving of the manual for more advice and guidance If you have a manual for your external NT1 se...

Page 23: ...he Rock n Roll Hall of Fame there is always something interesting playing on the Telos ISDN test line Let s call Cleveland If you prefer you can call our test line in Europe that is listed under Customer Service in the front of this manual Be certain to call a Layer III line Follow the step by step instructions 1 Press the DIAL button once Use the keypad to enter the first Telos test line number B...

Page 24: ...os test line may be busy Call Telos Customer Support for assistance The terminal adapter in Zephyr has a built in ISDN analyzer that will provide plain language error messages in many circumstances Have these messages ready when you call as they will help speed the process of solving your problem What s Next Now you are ready to call the world Remember your promise to read the entire manual If you...

Page 25: ...Section 3 Should I use Layer III Layer II or G 722 Audio Coding Principles Section 7 What other codecs are compatible Codec Compatibility Info Appendix How should the remote site device be configured when it is not a Zephyr Codec Compatibility Info Appendix How can I connect the Zephyr to a computer Remote Control Section 9 How do I contact Telos Customer Support Page 2 Connector Pin outs Zephyr a...

Page 26: ...Section 2 INTRODUCTION 26 This page intentially left blank ...

Page 27: ...Section 2 INTRODUCTION 27 SECTION 2 INTRODUCTION ...

Page 28: ...oding methods Coding on the transmit and receive paths can be independently selected from the three offered methods to achieve the compatibility and performance appropriate to your application The available ISDN terminal adapter built into Zephyr was designed by Telos specifically for broadcast and professional audio applications An available data port with V 35 and X 21 network interfaces is also...

Page 29: ...ty list With Zephyr you are in touch with the world The front panel has a clean uncluttered design for simple operation with full metering call duration timer headphone jack and straightforward controls The ISDN terminal adapter and NT1 where required are built in Everything required for the ISDN connection is included and connection to the telephone network is via a single modular cable Models ar...

Page 30: ...ign helps to ensure superior sound The selectable input audio limiter prevents your audio from distorting when your talent screams and the program signal peaks instantaneously The limiter is very fast and tight and does not assert itself during times of normal audio levels A comprehensive self diagnostic routine is performed when the unit is turned on Problems in the unit or with the ISDN line hav...

Page 31: ... button auto dialing of 50 dialing sets Utility menu controls transmit and receive modes data rate headphone volume and other features Rear Panel Hardware connections to Zephyr are straightforward ISDN terminal adapter is built in The ISDN line is simply connected to the modular jack Data port offers V 35 and X 21 when used with appropriate cabling Parallel port is used for end to end closures and...

Page 32: ... DSP Mono transmit stereo receive with ISDN terminal adapter only 9101 3 DSP Mono transmit stereo receive with V 35 X 21 only 9100 3 DSP Mono transmit stereo receive with ISDN terminal adapter V 35 X 21 9161 AES EBU digital input output interface module with DB 9 and XLR connectors NOTES 5 DSP Unit required to transmit ISO MPEG Layer II 2 line Mono 128 mode AES EBU modules require factory installa...

Page 33: ...es such as high speed modem communications and desktop videoconferencing For broadcast and professional audio ISDN offers unique opportunities for the transmission of high quality audio ISDN Configurations The form of ISDN of most interest to broadcasters and audio professionals is Basic Rate Interface or BRI In Europe this service is called S0 On a single pair of ordinary phone wires BRI offers t...

Page 34: ...nificantly lower Overall ISDN has significant advantages for most occasional and point to point feeds and offers economical and reliable backup to your satellite system While satellite is still a viable choice for full time one way point to multipoint transmission ISDN BRI and PRI can be a more flexible and economical option for moderate sized networks With ISDN cost declining in many locations la...

Page 35: ...isc That means you must do some coding to get 12 gallons of water into a one gallon container Note that some refer to coding as compression but are generally referring to the same process How can coding be accomplished One might think that lossless redundancy reducing methods such as those used for computer hard disk compression would be ideal for audio Unfortunately there is not enough redundancy...

Page 36: ...the use of Layer III along with other coding options We have implemented Layer II to offer compatibility with the installed base of users Layer II is the most commonly used perceptual coding scheme and products became available before Layer III products and many users are understandably unwilling to retire their old equipment But Layer II is used more widely for satellite program distribution and ...

Page 37: ...completed research into the effects of cascading using real world broadcast audio chain configurations Our view is that one should code only where the bits are unavailable or expensive and then use the most bits and the most powerful coding method And proceed with caution using your ears as well as all available information In today s world coding is everywhere ask questions many digital systems u...

Page 38: ...Section 2 INTRODUCTION 38 This page intentionally left blank ...

Page 39: ...39 SECTION 3 ZEPHYR AT A GLANCE ...

Page 40: ...ht limiter which does not assert itself during times of normal audio level The idea here is to keep the system out of trouble when say a sports announcer on remote gets excited With a sine tone the limiter engages at 15 dB above the nominal operating value but since the limiter activity depends upon the peak to average ratio of the program material it may appear to operate at somewhat less than 15...

Page 41: ...ee slots for expansion cards each of which allow connector access through the rear panel These slots accept modules which interface to the transmission path being used The optional AES EBU interface may also occupy one of these slots ISDN Permits connection to ISDN telephone lines There are two types of interface one for the USA and another for Europe and other parts of the world For additional in...

Page 42: ...o the center of an RJ 45 style 8 position jack if your Telco charged you extra and installed an RJ 45 jack for your ISDN line IMPORTANT If using an external NT1 or connecting another device be sure to check power arrangements The Zephyr provides PS 2 power on the S T jack If your NT1 or other device has an external power supply it is essential that the 2 power leads not be interconnected or damage...

Page 43: ...ted on units sold outside of the US and Canada ISDN U interface PIN FUNCTION 1 N C 2 N C 3 Line 4 Line 5 N C 6 N C top pin The U interface is a standard modular RJ 11 style jack and is the usual connection point for North American users The U interface is not present on units shipped outside of US and Canada V 35 X 21 Offers interface to digital bitstreams primarily for non ISDN applications Both ...

Page 44: ...cting pins 1 3 to the source ground while the signal high is connected to pin 2 Send gain may be adjusted in the VOL volume menu The send level indicated on the LCD is the nominal operating level More information about audio levels can be HOT TIP In MONO transmit modes the audio appearing from the A input will be used CURIOSITY NOTE The Zephyr has the more common pin outs used for 3 pin XLR inputs...

Page 45: ...inear processing such as clipping multiband compression etc are not recommended before any perceptual coder Contact Telos Systems customer support for a paper delivered at the AES by Frank Foti on this subject Disadvantages and reasons for not disabling the limiter THD and Dynamic range are quite acceptable with the limiter engaged Loss of send level control this control is disabled when the limit...

Page 46: ...out audio levels can be found in the Appendix HOT TIP In MONO Receive modes the incoming audio will appear on both A and B outputs So you will not need to provide special patching when a MONO feed is sent into your stereo equipment CURIOSITY NOTE The Zephyr has the more common pin outs used for 3 pin XLR inputs outputs You can easily remember the correct signals when wiring connectors using the ph...

Page 47: ... format The default line protocol is 8 bits 1 Stop Bit No Parity 9600 Baud A computer plugged into this port can operate the system by remote and can access a number of special diagnostic modes as described in section 9 Remote Control A modem set up for auto answer allows access to the system from a remote location HOT TIP This port is configured for DTE Data Terminal Equipment as opposed to DCE D...

Page 48: ... voltage up to 24 Vdc or a closure to ground which may be provided by switches relays or logic outputs The inputs are active low See the manual section 8 Detailed Menu Reference for details on using the panic dial HOT TIP With system firmware versions 2 66 or later inputs 0 3 can each be used as multiple panic dial inputs by setting Panic Dial to 1 4 in the utility menu Prior to this version there...

Page 49: ...2 2K Current should be limited to 400ma maximum per output with total output restricted to 1 amp 200ma each output if all five will be used If used with a relay or LED then tie your external power source ground to pin 1 or use the 5 VDC power supplied on pin 8 and run this power source through your device with a resistor in series to limit maximum current to 400ma The Status Output goes active low...

Page 50: ...lso be present The input is internally sample rate converted so may accept sources at any of the usual rates The output may be synched and sample rate converted to either the input AES signal or an independent sync signal presented at the SYNC IN connector The synchronization is accepted from a standard AES format signal Only the sync information is stripped any audio which may be present is ignor...

Page 51: ...Vac 50 60 Hz A fuse is located inside on the power supply circuit board IMPORTANT As with any piece of electronic gear it is advisable that precautions be taken to prevent damage caused by power surges Standard line surge protectors can be used to offer some degree of protection It is the user s responsibility to ensure that adequate protection is provided Important Safety Tip If fuse replacement ...

Page 52: ...Section 4 INSTALLATION BASIC OPERATION 52 This page intentionally left blank ...

Page 53: ...Section 4 INSTALLATION BASIC OP 53 SECTION 4 INSTALLATION BASIC OPERATION ...

Page 54: ...ho will be using Switched 56 and other types of non ISDN data service Audio Coding Principles section 7 helps you decide which method to use for a given application Detailed Menu Reference section 8 has thorough descriptions of each of the menu items and modes It is the best place to look for operating information and advice once you understand the basics and are ready to move on This is the first...

Page 55: ...ne set to the line The internal NT1 operates just as if it were an external box in order to permit this to occur see diagram below U Interface Status LED The LED indicator of the status of the ISDN connection is on the rear panel near the U jack If the NT1 is inactive the LED will remain in the OFF state Activation in progress is indicated by a rapidly blinking LED about five times per second If N...

Page 56: ...internal IMPORTANT If using an external NT1 or connecting another device be sure to check power arrangements The Zephyr provides PS 2 power on the S T jack If your NT1 or other device has an external power supply it is essential that the 2 power leads not be interconnected or damage to the Zephyr external equipment or both may occur Contact Telos Systems customer support for additional information...

Page 57: ...phyr S T ISDN Interface N T1 S T To Telco Line The usual set up outside the USA The S T jack is connected to the NT1 provided by the telephone authority HOT TIP NT1s often have a reset button which may be pressed to re start the NT1 and re initialize the Telco connection in the event of trouble The Zephyr will sense the reset and will respond by also re initializing its part of the ISDN connection...

Page 58: ...DSP mono Zephyr versions only only the Channel A input is used and only the corresponding meter indicates anything LCD AND PUSHBUTTONS Here we offer an introductory tutorial approach to operating the Zephyr A detailed description of all menu choices and functions is given in the Detailed Menu Reference section Status Screen Inact Xmt L3 STEREO Rcv L3 STEREO Inact 64kbps 32kHz ISDN This screen appe...

Page 59: ... by to let you know that there is no more on this topic To return to the Status screen press the HELP button again If the help is accessed from a menu item you return to it by pressing UTIL or VOL or DIAL or DROP or AUTODIAL if help was accessed from within one of the latter menus To go to the Status screen from a menu item press HELP twice only once if you are already in a help screen HOT TIP If ...

Page 60: ...IL H EL P Headphones 1 Phone Speaker 0 Send 4 dBu change In this menu you can adjust the headphone volume the small front panel phone speaker volume and the send audio level The settings in this screen are immediately affected by pressing the NO and YES buttons When the screen first appears Headphones is selected This is indicated by the brackets being at either side of the value 1 for headphone l...

Page 61: ... adjust the volume 1st 2nd Headphones 2 Phone Speaker 0 Send 3 dBu change NO SE L YE S V O L SE L UT IL H EL P All of the new values are saved in non volatile memory so that the settings are preserved even after a power down Introducing The Utility Menu The Utility menu has more menu items than can fit at once so it consists of multiple screens each of which you can get to by either pressing the U...

Page 62: ... you from making changes which could disturb a transmission in progress After a NO press the prompt at the bottom changes to let you know that the displayed mode may now be accepted by pressing the YES button NO SE L YE S V O L SE L UT IL H EL P Xmt L3 STEREO Rcv L3 MONO Rate 56kbps 32kHz YES accept You decide you want stereo so the YES button is pressed when L3 STEREO mode appears NO SE L YE S V ...

Page 63: ...cteristics of your ISDN line Setup to the ISDN Line Network Confirm that you are set to use the Zephyr s internal ISDN interface Go to the 2nd Utility screen by pushing UTIL twice where the Network menu item should indicate ISDN as the mode as shown below Network ISDN AES In NO ANALOG AES Out NO CONVERT NO options If ISDN is not indicated change to it SPID Number One or two of these numbers were g...

Page 64: ...kets to the next line in preparation for entry of the second SPID SPID 1 2 21678193100111 NO YES store Enter this 2nd SPID and then press YES to store it In our example two SPIDs are required If you have only one you press YES to store after entering the first and leave the second blank SPID 1 2 21678193100111 21678193110111 NO YES store After both are entered press YES to store them ISDN TIP Euro...

Page 65: ...d move to the next Utility screen and enter them using the same method as with the SPIDs Enter the seven digits of the phone number Directory 1 2 2418913 2418914 YES Store ISDN TIP Usually the SPID is the area code phone number 0101 But we have seen some which include a two digit prefix and a two digit suffix and many other variations are possible See the Appendix for a list of known working SPIDS...

Page 66: ...t of the ISDN will be initiated and the LCD will signal this on the bottom line Telco Natl I 1 Panic Dial NO Restarting ISDN After about five seconds the telephone line will begin to respond and the initialization process is underway If all goes well you ll have the following succession of screens as the line goes through the required start up phases inact Xmt L3 Stereo Rcv L3 Mono inact 56 kbps 3...

Page 67: ...nce within about 10 seconds If you do not get to Ready Ready something is wrong either with the line or the Zephyr setup ISDN TIP If a wrong SPID is attempted a common problem the status word indicates this by staying at wait ISDN TIP Recall that the AT T PTP Telco mode does not require SPIDs so the line status should go immediately to Ready in this case Refer to manual section 5 ISDN for addition...

Page 68: ... both directory numbers 2 Set Telco to PTP 3 Have another Zephyr call either of your phone numbers twice They should be able to connect 4 The line will now function normally for outgoing calls until Zephyr is rebooted or the ISDN connection is reinitialized ISDN TIP If your Telco did not properly follow the ordering information you sent them from the appendix of this manual you did use that inform...

Page 69: ...e number with a 1 Area Code for long distance etc DIAL ZEPHYR Line 1 12167819310 NO DIAL dial We have dialed 1 216 781 9310 the first number for the Telos Zephyr test line This line is always available for you to use to confirm that your system is working The number for the second test line channel is 1 216 781 9311 which we may optionally call later With the number fully entered press the DIAL bu...

Page 70: ... first line connected we re ready for audio If the unit at the other end is correctly transmitting the LOCK LED will illuminate and the receive meters will show audio If we need two audio channels L3 STEREO mode 32 KHz then the second line will need to be dialed and connected Press the DIAL button again and notice that the Zephyr automatically knows that you now want the 2nd line DIAL ZEPHYR Line ...

Page 71: ...IDs are the most probable problem We have had a number of experiences where Telco people have given incorrect SPIDs to users For additional information refer to manual section 10 Advanced Troubleshooting section 5 ISDN and section 4 installation Basic Operation To aid troubleshooting here is the meaning of each step inact No line connected or connected to wrong jack on Zephyr init Before sending S...

Page 72: ...2 Sprint 10333 You must dial the full number including the 1 or 011 country code following the prefix If none of the foregoing helps see section 5 ISDN section 8 Detailed Menu Reference and section 10 Advanced Problem Solving Dropping The Connection To release the connection press the DROP button Drop BOTH LINES NO or DROP Zephyr tries to guess whether you want to drop one line or both depending u...

Page 73: ...lection is made press AUTODIAL again to connect Press the AUTO DIAL button Auto Dial 1 Display NAME Telos Test Line or AUTODIAL There are 50 possible auto dial set ups This example screen indicates that the Telos test line is programmed into the 1 set up With the brackets around the Auto Dial number value press the NO or YES button to see other set ups Auto Dial 2 Display NAME Mr Voice over or AUT...

Page 74: ...UTODIAL The final value for Display shows the stored mode for this set up Auto Dial 1 Display MODE T L3Du R L3St 56 32 or AUTODIAL Press the AUTO DIAL button a second time to make the connection In the single channel case the screen will change to ConnP Xmt L3 Dual Rcv L3 Stereo Ready 56 kbps 32kHz ISDN 0 00 Xmt L3 Dual Rcv L3 Stereo Ready 56 kbps 32kHz ISDN And in the two channel case it will cha...

Page 75: ... for reference one or two telephone numbers and all necessary operating mode values Only the setup name and telephone numbers are required to be entered all of the mode information Xmt Rcv and rates is taken from the system state at the time the name text is entered So make certain that the values you desire are in the system before storing from this screen When the brackets surround the Category ...

Page 76: ...One of the great features of the Zephyr with its internal ISDN interface is that you can make voice calls to regular telephones not just to other codecs In fact you can make a mono Zephyr hi fi call on one channel and a voice call on the other simultaneously Press the DIAL button Dial ZEPHYR Line 1 NO options HOT TIP If you are changing an old setup and you don t erase a left over and undesired se...

Page 77: ... and the DIAL button to proceed DIAL PHONE Line 1 15551212 NO DIAL dial The call is made through the ISDN line and the telephone network handles the translation to analog at the other end Mind you the Zephyr has no analog line connection There is no handset connection so you must connect a microphone to the analog audio input in order to talk The usual analog audio output headphones or the Zephyr ...

Page 78: ...the modes and the YES key to activate your choice Transmit and receive mode changes take about 2 seconds to take effect as indicated by One Moment on the bottom LCD line For information on choosing appropriate coding modes refer to manual sections 8 Detailed Menu Reference and 7 Audio Coding Principles Bitrate and Sampling Rate The first value in the Rate menu item mode option is the network bitra...

Page 79: ...covered more thoroughly in section 8 Detailed Menu Reference Receive if used must be set to the G 722 mode The Layer II III decoders are unable to accommodate the independent signals ISDN TIP With the internal ISDN interface the rate value is used both to set the Zephyr coder decoder parameters and to tell the ISDN network what rate to use during call setup Rate adaptation for the Bit Rate is auto...

Page 80: ... MONO128 Channel A L2 20kHz Audio appears on both outputs L2 JSTEREO L2 20kHz Audio output channels correspond to input L2 DUAL L2 7 8 9 8kHz Audio output channels correspond to input L2 HALF 24 L2 HALF 24 8 6 kHz Audio appears on both outputs G 722 G 722 7kHz Audio output corresponds to Line connection Depending upon sampling rate 15kHz at 32 kHz 20kHz at 48 kHz Depending upon bitrate 8kHz at 56k...

Page 81: ...f of the equation the callers hear the talent because the remote feed is added to the telephone mix minus buss No problem if you have a set up which permits selective assignment to the phone mix minus The most common problem with this arrangement is a result of a phone hybrid with too much leakage combined with the system delay If the hybrid isn t doing a good job of preventing the send audio from...

Page 82: ...at direction very small Other intermediate tradeoffs are possible and will be dependent on your format Talent s thinking time can be significantly reduced by drinking a strong cup of coffee For information on the tradeoff between audio quality and delay refer to manual section 7 Audio Coding Principles AES EBU This is offered as an option so it may not be present in your unit The Zephyr s AES EBU ...

Page 83: ...he synchronization is accepted from a standard AES format signal Only the sync information is stripped any audio which may be present is ignored The SYNC OUT is a buffered version of the SYNC IN signal D ECOD ER N ET W ORK CLOCK EN COD ER AE S EBU Tx AE S EBU S Y N C I N AE S EBU R x S Y N C IN S Y N C OUT AE S EBU IN AE S EBU OUT S Y N C TO N ET N O CO NV ER T 48 kHz 32 kHz 44 1kH z Sample Rate C...

Page 84: ...Section 4 INSTALLATION BASIC OPERATION 84 ...

Page 85: ...Section 5 ISDN 85 SECTION 5 ISDN ...

Page 86: ...e was established to be 64kbps 8kbyte sec x 8bits 64kbps These early applications of digital technology were invented by the telephone industry for its own benefit The fact that they were digital was neither obvious nor important to customers However telephone engineers learned to appreciate digital audio for the same reason we in the pro audio community have immunity to noise and other quality im...

Page 87: ...nd LEDs SPIDS CURIOSITY NOTE While the D channel is always present for signaling it can in theory be used for packet data connections ISDN lines where the D channel is used for signaling only are sometimes referred to as 2B 0D rather than 2B D service D channel packet service is not widely available and is not used by Zephyr ISDN TIP In some cases your ISDN line while having 2 B channels will only...

Page 88: ...ine or reboot the Zephyr and the Telco equipment go through an initialization identification routine The Zephyr sends the SPID s and if it is correct this fact is signaled by the network Thereafter the SPID is not sent again to the switch Realtors remind buyers that the three most important factors of real estate success are Location Location and Location We want to remind you that the three most ...

Page 89: ...ture requirements by sensing different SPIDs from each user terminal sharing a BRI circuit For instance multibutton phones could retain function assignments when moving from line to line In this case the line number would probably not be used as the SPID Or to allow a variety of different types of equipment with different service requirements to share one ISDN line None of this matters with our ap...

Page 90: ...in the Zephyr depending upon the rate selected by the calling party Since the Zephyr cannot communicate at both rates simultaneously it will ignore rate adaptation information on the second incoming call remaining at the rate set for the prior call In our experience the only sure way to know the capacity of a given connection is to try it first at 64kbps and then at 56kbps if the higher rate fails...

Page 91: ...r You There is also a list of contact telephone numbers for most of the regional telephone companies Details Details In order to communicate accurately what it is you need you might want to learn about the nature of the ISDN service and the vocabulary used to describe it As with anything for best results it helps to know what you are talking about We already have a good start but there is more to ...

Page 92: ... called a Network Termination Type 1 NT1 converts this to the two pair S interface In Europe and Asia the NT1 is always provided by the phone company and only the S interface may be on user equipment Zephyr s shipped outside the USA and Canada have the S interface only as do units made prior to 1996 In the USA and Canada the NT1 is usually provided by the user however Zephyrs sold in the US and Ca...

Page 93: ...ces need to be taken into account when lines are ordered and the Zephyr set up In the USA telephone companies use either AT T 5ESS Northern Telecom DMS100 or Siemens EWSD switches Each of these can support the National ISDN 1 NI 1 protocol standard which has been specified by Bellcore the technical lab jointly owned by the phone companies However both AT T and Northern Telecom had custom versions ...

Page 94: ...above TEI One dynamic per channel Terminal Type A 10XXX Yes Turn off features such as packet mode data multiline hunt multiple call appearances Electronic Key Telephone Sets EKTS shared directory numbers accept special type of number intercom groups network resource selector modem pools message waiting hunting interLata competition call waiting etc Get from Telco One or two SPID numbers depending ...

Page 95: ...g interLata competition call waiting etc ZEPHYR SETTINGS FOR YOU TO ENTER Set Telco to PTP SPIDs Not required AT T Point to Multipoint Custom Available on AT T 5ESS CO switches version 5E6 and above This is becoming essentially obsolete as NI 1 has the same capabilities It is not supported by the Zephyr Order Point to Point Custom or National ISDN 1 instead Northern Telecom DMS100 Functional Custo...

Page 96: ... Telco to Natl I 1 SPIDs Enter one or two numbers depending upon number of active B channels Euro ISDN Europe Hong Kong some others The Zephyr works with any ISDN line which conforms to the Euro ISDN ETS300 standard Fortunately this protocol is standardized and there are no further details to worry about Bearer Service CSD and or CSV as desired see above ZEPHYR SETTINGS FOR YOU TO ENTER Set Telco ...

Page 97: ...6 NON ISDN NETWORKS ISDN TIP Zephyr firmware rev 2 53 or later required for Euro ISDN Version 2 69 or later is highly recommended for maximum Euro ISDN compatibility Consult Telos Systems customer support for upgrade information ...

Page 98: ... Service Unit CSU DSU to interface the digital line with the Zephyr These come in two varieties two wire and four wire The one you need depends upon the service style offered by your telephone company V 35 X 21 INTERFACE MINI DB40 TELOS ZEPHYR PORT LINE V 35 X 21 CSU DSU ToSW56 Network PORT1 PORT2 NOTUSED FORENCODE Typical setup for mono configuration Only one port is used In many cases you can pu...

Page 99: ...t to interconnect the line with the Zephyr Other Possibilities Any transmission channel which can convey 56 or 64kbps synchronous digital signals in real time may be used with the Zephyr Possibilities include T1 satellite links spread spectrum RF transmission systems and ATM When considering a technology such as ATM it is essential that your service has a Committed Information Rate of at least 56 ...

Page 100: ... or X 21 standard and provides dialing capability Some have keypads and LCD displays for this function others rely upon external computer control The designation CSU is most often used when terminating Switched 56 lines Modular CSUs are also used within a Channel Bank to break out the various paths Originally the CSU and DSU were separate pieces of equipment Now they are nearly always one piece of...

Page 101: ...issues is to be found in section 11 Technical Information and a review of available Zephyr configurations appears in section 2 Introduction Cables The Zephyr connects to digital transmission channels via the ports from the V 35 X 21 interface module The cables available from Telos connect to standard terminal adapters or CSUs which in turn connect to the digital network channels The design of the ...

Page 102: ...at the other end are labeled PORT 1 and PORT 2 and are connected to the TA CSU as follows One Port Operation For one port mono operation only the PORT 1 plug is used It connects to the TA CSU V 35 X 21 socket In the MONO DUAL mode when used for just one mono audio program only one V 35 X 21 connection is required Audio channel A corresponds to PORT 1 and audio channel B corresponds to PORT 2 V 35 ...

Page 103: ... and therefore it is irrelevant which plug goes to which port For two port operation in the MONO DUAL mode audio channel A corresponds to PORT 1 and audio channel B corresponds to PORT 2 and both are used For two port operation where the receive mode is set to L3 MONO only the data received on PORT 1 will be decoded although this audio will appear at both the A and B receive audio jacks V 35 X 21 ...

Page 104: ... handshaking signals by setting them to forced or ignored since handshaking is not required with synchronous data Loop or Line Options Set to the speed of your line usually either 56 or 64kbps Your Telco should be able to give you the correct setting for any other options Clock Options It is essential that the clock option be set to external or from loop HOT TIP When troubleshooting equipment prob...

Page 105: ...Section 6 NON ISDN NETWORKS 105 SECTION 7 AUDIO CODING ...

Page 106: ...r encoding of audio taking advantage of psychoacoustic effects While Layer I and II are intended for compression factors of about 4 and 6 8 respectively with Layer III factors of up to 12 5 can be achieved Basic Principles of Perceptual Coding With perceptual coding only information that can be perceived by the human auditory system is retained Lossless which for audio translates to noiseless codi...

Page 107: ...e frequency the level and the spectral distribution of both the masker and the masked sounds 80 60 40 20 0 dB 02 05 1 2 5 1 2 5 10 20 kHz Threshold in quiet Inaudible Signal Masker Masking Threshold Masked Sound Masking effects in the frequency domain A masking signal inhibits audibility of signals adjacent in frequency and below the threshold To benefit from the masking effects perceptual coders ...

Page 108: ...nsive testing by broadcasting organizations around the world under the direction of the CCIR it has been designated as the most powerful of the three audio coding systems standardized in ISO MPEG IS 11172 It is specifically recommended for 56 and 64 kbps channels IMPORTANT Due to a perceptual coder s reliance on precise principles of human perception audio to be coded should not be processed with ...

Page 109: ...rocess is the ideal supplement to psychoacoustic masking In general maskers with high tonality have more redundancy but allow less masking while noise like signals have low redundancy and high masking effect Bit Reservoir Buffering Often there are some critical parts in a piece of music that cannot be encoded at a given data rate without audible noise These sequences require a higher data rate to ...

Page 110: ...s We include it in the Zephyr in order to offer compatibility with the widest variety of codec equipment Our implementation is the very highest quality the critical DSP code having been obtained and licensed directly from the primary inventor of LII the IRT in Munich CURIOSITY NOTE Layer III is the direct successor to the ASPEC algorithm which was based on coding methods by Fraunhofer University o...

Page 111: ...these codecs in use Because it is a standard codecs from various manufacturers have a good probability of being able to interwork with one another We ve tested with many units and have found no problems so far G 722 has the lowest delay of all popular coding methods about 42 ms or less This method was invented in the late 70s and adopted as a standard in 1984 by the CCITT the Consultive Committee ...

Page 112: ...the Telos lab with two passes of Zephyr Layer III have proven successful with listeners noticing no audible degradation even on difficult CDs Tests with APT X followed by one or two passes of Zephyr Layer III or one or two passes of Layer III followed by APT X prove to be quite acceptable HOT TIP Another characteristic of G 722 s statistical framing is that the decoder may remain locked despite se...

Page 113: ...l chain It turns out that the two methods are nicely complimentary At low bit rates Layer III gets more signal to mask margin than Layer II This is why it performs better in the low bit rate tests It accomplishes this by using a filter bank with more bands 576 vs 32 One effect of this is time spread More frequency resolution requires a longer time window It s a law of physics thing For a small num...

Page 114: ...mono 225 ms 160 ms 45 ms Delay at 48 kHz dual mono 225 ms 160 ms 45 ms Delay at 48 kHz mono 128 220 ms Delay at 32 kHz stereo jstereo 390 ms 45 ms Delay at 48 kHz stereo jstereo 270 ms 220 ms 45 ms Joint Stereo MS Matrix Intensity Coding ISO Target Bit Rate 64kbps channel 128kbps channel N A Coding Power 12 1 6 8 1 4 1 Bands 576 32 2 Frequency Resolution 48 kHz 42 Hz 750 Hz 15 kHz at 32 kHz sample...

Page 115: ...ual vs Stereo vs Joint Stereo in Layer III With one transmission path LIII DUAL provides mono capability With two transmission paths LIII DUAL mode is simply two simultaneous mono channels LIII STEREO mode compensates for any delay between the two transmission paths but keeps the two audio channels completely independent HOT TIP The round trip delay in a typical remote broadcast may be reduced by ...

Page 116: ...d and received coded audio Input output is independent and is set in the AES menus The Layer III mode may be operated at either 48 kHz or 32 kHz sample rate 48 kHz offers lower delay and 20 kHz IMPORTANT The Layer III decoder in L3 STEREO mode requires that both channels be connected and operating in order for the decoder to function Until both channels are present the decoder will not output anyt...

Page 117: ...rt fully independent operation A typical application which works perfectly within the above constraints is the one used for dual language sports broadcasts with separate studio sites L III Dual Xmt mode is used from the stadium to the separate studio sites while G 722 is used for the cueing channel from the studios back to the stadium Compatibility Layer II offers compatibility with the widest var...

Page 118: ...Section 7 AUDIO CODING PRINCIPLES 118 This page intentionally left blank ...

Page 119: ...Section 8 DETAILED MENU REFERENCE 119 SECTION 8 DETAILED MENU REFERENCE ...

Page 120: ...TY The UTILITY menu is used to setup the parameters of the two major sections of the Zephyr the audio codec and the network interface Zephyr is a truly integrated transceiver so you need to make only one adjustment to change a setting in both sections From this menu you can change the encoding and decoding schemes transmission bit rate and codec sampling rate Selection and configuration of the net...

Page 121: ...the level of the input audio to be sent to the digital network HELP The HELP menu provides brief descriptions of all of the Zephyr menu items as well as information on other status information displayed on the LCD display It can be accessed at any time by simply pressing the HELP button on the front panel Using the Menus Accessing a menu is as easy as pushing a button on the front panel All menus ...

Page 122: ...up Auto Dial setup number selection Category Category of Auto Dial setup to be changed SPID 1 2 MSN 1 2 SPID MSN entry fields when required Directory 1 2 Directory number entry fields rarely required Telco ISDN protocol selection Panic Dial Panic Dial activation and setup selection Compatibility Used only for certain subscription services LCD contrast LCD contrast LCD backlight LCD backlight Ancil...

Page 123: ...r channel with a 48kHz sample rate The two audio channels are tagged so that encode channel A appears on the decoder s channel A and encode channel B appears on the decoder s channel B regardless of a swap of the transmission paths Dual Site Operation It is possible to use the dual mono transmit mode to send to two receivers at different sites Set the transmit mode to L3 DUAL and dial each site IM...

Page 124: ...chieved with the recommended 32kHz sample rate 20kHz stereo audio bandwidth is achieved with a 48kHz sample rate The two audio channels are tagged so that encode channel A appears on the decoder s channel A and encode channel B appears on the decoder s channel B regardless of a swap of the transmission paths G 722 G 722 Coding HOT TIP In cases where a return from only one site is required the retu...

Page 125: ...aural This selection permits the transmission of one mono signal over a single 56 64kpbs channel Audio bandwidth of 7 8 or 9 8kHz is achieved depending on transmission bitrate L2 MONO128 Layer II Broadband Single Channel Monaural This selection permits transmission of one mono signal over two 56 64kpbs transmission channels such as a ISDN circuit Total transmission rate of 112 128kbps 20kHz audio ...

Page 126: ...item HOT TIP As a 3 DSP Mono Zephyr supports all receive modes it makes an excellent low cost receiver in applications where the return feed is mono or not required IMPORTANT Note that the Rcv modes are a subset of the Xmt modes in other words a given Rcv mode will generally be applicable to more than one Xmt mode For instance the L3 STEREO Rcv mode is can decode audio from the following Xmt modes...

Page 127: ...EO Receives when the remote transmitter is set to any of the Layer III modes 2 transmission channels required L3 DUAL L3 STEREO L3 JSTEREO L3 MONO Receives only when the remote transmitter is set to the L3 DUAL mode and when only one channel of audio is required The mono audio appears on both A B output channels G 722 Receives only when the remote transmitter is set to G 722 IMPORTANT Changing the...

Page 128: ...de uses the CDQ method of multiplexing the two transmission channels to a single bit stream when transmissions are in the L2 MONO128 and L2 JSTEREO modes This method is compatible with other Zephyrs and a majority of Layer II only codecs See the Compatibility Section of the Appendix for more details COMPATIBILITY TIP Older Zephyr hardware versions may not support Layer II or the 48kHz sample rate ...

Page 129: ...STEREO 15 20kHz Audio output channels correspond to input L3 JSTEREO or L3 STEREO L3 STEREO 15 20kHz Audio output channels correspond to input L2 MONO Channel A L2 7 8 9 8kHz Audio appears on both outputs L2 MONO128 Channel A L2 20kHz Audio appears on both outputs L2 JSTEREO L2 20kHz Audio output channels correspond to input L2 DUAL L2 7 8 9 8kHz Audio output channels correspond to input L2 HALF 2...

Page 130: ...on the right IMPORTANT Changing the Xmt Rcv or Rate options will cause the Zephyr to cease transmitting and receiving audio as the new code is loaded COMPATIBILITY TIP It is recommended that you read the descriptions of the menu items that select the receive and transmit modes before changing this rate setting These three menu items are closely related IMPORTANT This mode may be changed while a ca...

Page 131: ...ppropriate data transmission rate and any sampling rate Available modes are 56kbps 32kHz This mode is used for Layer III only and Layer III G 722 operations where 64kbps clean data service is not available 64kbps 32kHz This mode is used for Layer III only and Layer III G 722 operations COMPATIBILITY TIP Older hardware versions of the Zephyr operate at only 32kHz and cannot connect with another Zep...

Page 132: ... this mode is selected Zephyr s coded digital audio is routed to the V 35 X 21 connector By using an appropriate interface cable the data is passed to an external data service unit CSU DSU for transmission via ISDN Switched 56 Dedicated Digital Service fractional T1 etc ISDN ISDN Terminal Adapter Available if the corresponding network interface card is installed When this mode is selected Zephyr s...

Page 133: ... rate is accomplished by choosing the item in the UTILITY menu and using the NO button to change the mode displayed The YES button must be pressed to accept and store your selection Available modes are NO ANALOG When this mode is selected the AES EBU input is defeated and the analog audio input is used S R CONVERT When this mode is selected the AES EBU input is active The sample rate is converted ...

Page 134: ...LITY menu and using the NO button to change the mode displayed The YES button must be pressed to accept and store your selection Available modes are NO CONVERT When this mode is selected there is no sampling rate conversion of the AES EBU digital audio output It will be identical to the main sampling rate used by the Zephyr codec section This selection of 32kHz or 48kHz is made elsewhere in the UT...

Page 135: ... using the YES and NO buttons to change the mode displayed Confirmation of the change is not required The usual operating mode is for this item to be set to YES as you want the Zephyr to respond to incoming calls by immediately connecting them When NO is selected and a call rings in a ringing sound will be heard and a screen appears with the call s originating number caller ID if known and options...

Page 136: ...ecorder or other device The status is indicated when either network interface V 35 or ISDN is used For pin outs electrical specifications of this output see manual section 3 Zephyr at a Glance Selection of status of the logic output function is accomplished by choosing the item in the UTILITY menu and using the YES and NO buttons to change the mode displayed Confirmation of the change is not requi...

Page 137: ...g this menu the setup created will include the current setup information from the first utility menu i e Xmt mode Rcv mode and rates When you want to use a setup do so from the AUTO DIAL menu This menu item selects the number of the setup you wish to create or modify The setups are numbered sequentially from one to 50 While the stored setups are primarily used with the internal terminal adapter it...

Page 138: ...tup NUM2 Second Number of the Auto Dial Setup 6 After each of the above is selected press the SEL DOWN button to move to the entry field 7 Use the keypad to enter the desired data see below 8 Store the desired data with a confirming press of the YES button 9 Press the SEL UP button to move back up the CATEGORY menu item IMPORTANT The setup you are about to create includes the send XMT and receive ...

Page 139: ...econd time after you enter the final character of the name You will be prompted to do so by the fourth bottom line of the LCD screen NUM1 First Number of the Auto Dial Setup NUM2 Second Number of the Auto Dial Setup The dialing keypad is used to enter the numbers The NO button backs up to the left and deletes characters for editing Do not forget to confirm and store the numbers by pressing the YES...

Page 140: ...m is set to ETS 300 In the USA the most common ISDN service is National ISDN 1 This service requires that the terminal unit in this case your Zephyr provide SPID Service Profile HOT TIP If you are changing an old setup and you don t erase a left over and undesired second number the system will try to dial it You must erase any such number you don t need by backspacing to clear it out ISDN TIP If y...

Page 141: ...ything to your SPIDs 2 Note that there are no hyphens or dashes in SPIDs If your installer has included them in the SPID ignore them 3 For a list of known working SPIDs by Telephone Company see the appendix 4 If you have any questions about your SPIDs call your phone company CURIOSITY NOTE There is hope on the horizon that SPID difficulties will get better For one thing the Telcos are beginning to...

Page 142: ...o which you are connected Selection of ISDN Telco type is accomplished by choosing the item in the UTILITY menu and using the NO button to change the mode displayed The YES button must be pressed to accept and store your selection Available modes are Natl I 1 National ISDN 1 Protocol This mode is for most users in the USA and for other users of the USA National ISDN protocol It supports National I...

Page 143: ...elco did not properly follow the ordering information you sent them from the appendix of this manual you did use that information didn t you they may have given you a 2 B channel National ISDN line with only one SPID and one phone number This may work however you will need to proceed as follows 1 Enter the SPID they gave you as SPID 1 2 Enter your 7 digit directory number twice as both Directory 1...

Page 144: ...3 will trigger setups 1 4 For pin outs see section 3 Zephyr at a glance One application of this is to allow the Zephyr to be used in an automatic back up application The alarm output of a satellite receiver for instance may cause an automatic HOT TIPS Users have found the following Panic Dial Tricks handy 1 Mode reset Program the stored setup s to be used without any phone numbers Name them after ...

Page 145: ...n the UTILITY menu and using the YES and NO buttons to raise or lower the number displayed Confirmation of the change is not required LCD Backlight LCD backlight adjust Changing the LCD backlight brightness is accomplished by choosing the item in the UTILITY menu and using the YES and NO buttons to raise or lower the number displayed Confirmation of the change is not required Ancil Chan Ancillary ...

Page 146: ... the phone For information on what each menu item means see the chart Utility Menu Summary of Utility Menu Items earlier in this manual Menu Items Options Xmt L3 DUAL L3 JSTEREO L3 STEREO G 722 L2 HALF 24 L2 MONO L2 MONO128 L2 DUAL L2 JSTEREO Rcv L3 STEREO L3 MONO G 722 L2 L2 HALF 24 Rate 56Kbps 32kHz 64Kbps 32kHz 56Kbps 48kHz 64kbps 48kHz Network ISDN V 35 AES In NO ANALOG S R CONVERT ...

Page 147: ... 1 kHz 48 kHz EXTERNAL AES IN Auto Answer YES NO Loopback OFF NEAR FAR Status Out RCV LOCK LINE 1 LINE 2 LINE 1 2 LINE 1 OR 2 Store Setup 1 50 Category NAME NUM1 NUM2 SPID 1 2 MSN 1 2 SPID MSN entry fields when required Directory 1 2 Directory number entry fields rarely required ...

Page 148: ...FERENCE 148 Telco Natl I 1 ETS300 PTP Panic Dial NO 1 50 1 4 Compatibility Used only for certain subscription services LCD Contrast 1 9 LCD Backlight 1 9 Ancill Chan Normal None Right Both Version Info 2 69 2 00 2 32 for example ...

Page 149: ...int you have three options which are prompted by the fourth bottom row of the LCD display 1 Press the NO button to access the DIAL OPTIONS sub menu to change the call type or line to be dialed When the button is pressed you will see the sub menu described below 2 Press the YES button to recall the last number called on the selected line When the button is pressed the last number will appear betwee...

Page 150: ...you want to change The NO button is pressed to change the mode displayed The YES button must be pressed to accept and store your selection The dialing options are Call Type Zephyr can place a high fidelity call to an ISDN Switched 56 or other switched digital circuit on one of its channels while placing a standard grade call to a POTS line on the other channel Refer to the manual section on orderi...

Page 151: ...he LCD display You can confirm that you have selected the correct destination as the name assigned to that site is displayed on the third line of the LCD display Or alternatively enter the 2 digit number of the desired auto dial using the keypad 2 Press the AUTO DIAL button Call progress is now displayed HOT TIP Some ISDN lines are configured to have the same telephone number for both channels If ...

Page 152: ...s displays the transmit encode scheme the receive decode scheme the transmission rate and the sampling rate used by the auto dial setup currently selected Drop Menu From this menu calls placed using the DIAL and AUTO DIAL menus are terminated and functions only when the terminal adapter is installed CURIOSITY NOTE The time to connect when using the Auto Dial function will appear to vary The reason...

Page 153: ...ine is dropped The second line is unaffected If you are transmitting or receiving coded audio that requires two channels e g L3 JSTEREO audio transmission reception will cease LINE 2 When selected and confirmed by pressing the DROP button the second ISDN line is dropped The first line is unaffected If you are transmitting or receiving coded audio that requires two channels e g L3 JSTEREO audio tra...

Page 154: ...ttenuation to 15dBu least attenuation Changing the send audio input level is accomplished by choosing the item in the VOLUME menu and using the YES and NO buttons to raise or lower the number displayed Confirmation of the change is not required Help Menu The HELP menu may be accessed at any time from the UTILITY DIAL AUTO DIAL DROP and VOLUME menus When the HELP button is pressed the LCD display p...

Page 155: ...er accessing the Line Status help screen You will be warned of the action about to take place If you wish to proceed with the cold boot push the hash pound button It may take a few moments for the cold boot to start Once started you will LCD display will show the initialization screen After a cold boot you will need to completely reconfigure your Zephyr Yes everything RS 232 Initialization This sp...

Page 156: ...hile Initializing is displayed on the last LCD line Key Function 1 Serial port to 2400 bps command mode auto transparent mode off 2 Serial port to 9600 bps command mode auto transparent mode off 3 Serial port to 19200 bps command mode auto transparent mode off 4 Serial port to 2400 bps transparent mode Ancillary data mode 5 Serial port to 9600 bps transparent mode Ancillary data mode 6 Serial port...

Page 157: ...Section 9 REMOTE CONTROL 157 SECTION 9 REMOTE CONTROL ...

Page 158: ... etc For the Macintosh Z Term White Knight etc The Zephyr may be connected locally to a personal computer or to a modem for control from a remote site There will be a difference in the required cabling as described in the Installation section The Zephyr serial port is configured as DTE Data Terminal Equipment which means it looks like the connection on a computer rather than on a modem With local ...

Page 159: ...u will probably see some garbage text This could happen if the Zephyr was set to a different baud rate and left in that state In that case move ahead to the next step COM port selection at the computer Maybe the Zephyr is in transparent mode Send or to return to command mode Step 3 Press RETURN on your computer The Zephyr echoes the data sent to it so if you see the cursor moving down the screen o...

Page 160: ...ome to ZEPHYR control system If you specified the wrong password you will not see the Welcome line and the Zephyr will not accept any commands other than the login command After you finished your remote session type bye return to disconnect from the Zephyr Assuming a successful login we re ready to enter commands A command is entered by typing it and any required arguments followed by a return You...

Page 161: ...ecific help Type to get detailed list of commands Catalog of Commands And Functions The following is a alphabetical list of available commands and a description for each The indicated default values refer to the values after a cold boot topic Get general help or help about specific command or detailed command list acc 1 1 2 2 Accept or reject incoming call on specified ISDN line If the Zephyr is n...

Page 162: ...ncillary data will be sent to both sites May not be functional until rev 2 69 Default is answer A A Switch ISDN phone auto answer on off atdt auto no E c Set RS232 to transparent mode use or to quit Default off Before entering no data transmission must occur during a guard time of 1 sec In transparent mode all RS232 data will be transmitted to the remote Zephyr by using MPEG audio s ancillary data...

Page 163: ...commands will be available cc 0000 1111 Set contact closure output value 4 bits This command followed by a binary value sets the local Zephyr s parallel outputs to the value If connected to a remote Zephyr the values from that unit will override this value Since an update is sent every 5 seconds the entered value will not remain longer than this period ccmask 0000 1111 Set contact closure input XO...

Page 164: ... phone numbers disc 1 2 1 2 Disconnect ISDN on line 1 2 or both level 15 4 Select analog input level dBu Default 4 dBu lock COLD SETUP AUTO SPIDS DIAL When given from the serial port these commands can disable certain front panel functions Since coldbooting would restore these function it is disabled when any lock mode is active Use to add a lock mode When entered alone all lock modes are canceled...

Page 165: ...utput network ISDN V35 Select network ISDN with or without autoanswer or V 35 Default ISDN if ISDN card is installed Example network isdn selects ISDN as the network Incoming calls will automatically be accepted panic 0 50 1 4 Select panic dial setup 0 off Default off Parallel contact closure 1 can be configured as panic input If panic dial is activated different from 0 and this contact gets activ...

Page 166: ...etup Parameters are setup number setup name two phone numbers transmit mode receive mode bitrate See txmode rxmode and bitrate command for parameters Enter setup alone to get a list of setups Default all setups are empty spids spid1 spid2 Enter or delete ISDN SPID numbers Default none Example spids will delete all stored SPIDs IMPORTANT The name must not contain any spaces because space is the del...

Page 167: ...gging System ISDN extendedISDN Line status 1 2 Ready Ready Decoder status unsynced Encoder status synced statout rcv 1 2 1 2 1or2 Select activation mode for the parallel port STATUS output bit on receiver lock on line 1 connected line 2 connected both or either line connected When followed by a lock mode parameter this command changes how the STATUS OUT parallel output is determined as follows rcv...

Page 168: ...t stereo Default L3DU V35cd 1 2 12 Force carrier detect true on V 35 port 1 port 2 or both Use to restore normal operation Not stored through boot cycle ver Display version information volume H 1 10 S 0 9 Set volume for headphones H or phone speaker S Default phone speaker 0 headphones 1 For headphones the volume range is 1 10 for the built in panel speaker it is 0 9 The speaker value determines t...

Page 169: ... on line mode In some screens SPIDS Directory numbers Dial screen the number keys have a distinct meaning even when already connected To avoid confusion The keypad feature is only available when the STATUS screen is displayed Modem Initialization One use of the serial port is to control a remote Zephyr via a separate analog phone line In that case a modem is directly connected to the serial port a...

Page 170: ... chosen parameter s of the log command Entering log MON activates this function in a basic mode A display of ISDN transactions will be available as in this example call setup conn 1 7819310 ISDN Line 1 offhook Calling number 7819310 on line 1 B1 ISDN Null 0 ISDN Line 1 Null 0 Call Init 1 ISDN DLE dl_data_req SAPI 0 TEI 121 CR O 0x4 PD 08 CR O 4 Type 05 SETUP ISDN IE 0 04 BearerCap ISDN 02 88 90 3 ...

Page 171: ...s is beyond the scope of this manual Those who are interested may request from us a pointer to the appropriate documents from Bellcore and others In rare instances Telos customer support may ask for this data for troubleshooting difficult ISDN problems In some cases this data would be collected into a PC disk file in other cases we may ask you to connect a modem so we can monitor live Ancillary Da...

Page 172: ... ancillary data To switch off transparent mode and to gain access to Zephyr control commands again enter or Do not transmit any data within a guard time of 1 second before giving this command After switching off the transparent mode the Zephyr will NOT switch back to transparent mode even if it encounters incoming ancillary data automatic transparent mode activation is deactivated This prevents a ...

Page 173: ...s the RS232 interface to 19200 baud Enables transparent data transmission Ancillary data mode 7 Not used 8 Enable special CRC mode 9 Special NRW mode MS WINDOWS ZephyrControl SOFTWARE We have developed a software package for control of the Zephyr under Microsoft Windows It is included on the diskette which comes with your unit The application offers a user friendly method for Managing ISDN setting...

Page 174: ...OSURES For additional information on using the parallel port see manual section 8 Detailed menu reference and section 3 Zephyr at a glance Parallel outputs may be affected either by the corresponding input at the remote Zephyr or by commands on the serial port Normally the closures are simply passed through from one end to the other but the following commands may be used influence the process cc 0...

Page 175: ...llel output is determined as follows rcv Output active when decoder is locked 1 Output active when ISDN line 1 is connected 2 Output active when ISDN line 2 is connected 1or2 Output active when either ISDN is connected 1 2 Output active when both ISDN lines are connected CC info is transmitted immediately if the input changes otherwise it is sent every five seconds HOT TIP Contact closures are onl...

Page 176: ...Section 9 REMOTE CONTROL 176 This page intentionally left blank ...

Page 177: ...Section 10 ADVANCED PROBLEM SOLVING 177 SECTION 10 ADVANCED PROBLEM SOLVING ...

Page 178: ...s but the thinking is the same Too many times we fall in love with our suppositions We are quick to overtly or subconsciously assume the problem being chased is due to lousy design the stupid phone company or the manager s latest memo Armed with a healthy skeptical attitude the basic philosophy of troubleshooting any system is to follow these steps 1 Observe the behavior to find the apparent probl...

Page 179: ...n set in it s worthwhile to try anything practically at random You might find a bad plug an unconnected line or something unexpected Look around but be always on the prowl for a working hypothesis Step 5 Generate an experiment to test the hypothesis Change the ISDN connection to a known good line call a known good Zephyr at the other end if long distance doesn t work try a local call NOTE You shou...

Page 180: ...the ISDN interface card on the back of the unit Normal status is indicated by the LED being lit Rapid flashing indicates loss of ISDN line at the lowest physical level or use of the incorrect jack on the Zephyr ISDN interface card Slow flashing of this LED may indicate problems with the Zephyr External NT1 s have one or more indicators which can help differentiate line vs Zephyr problems LOOPBACK ...

Page 181: ...uired These two loopback modes are powerful troubleshooting tools NEAR loopback can eliminate substantial portions of the Zephyr s circuitry by testing to see if the coder and decoder are working Be sure to test in the relevant Xmt and Rcv modes to your situation Assuming only one problem the FAR looback can effectively determine whether the problems experienced are due to the communications chann...

Page 182: ...stant signal back to the sender as well Use similarly to the Zephyr s loopback modes as indicated above Condition Front Panel Display Problems If the LCD is dark or unreadable the special front panel diagnostic and set up mode may be useful To enter this mode press the YES and NO buttons simultaneously while powering up the Zephyr All LEDs should illuminate and the LCD displays the famed Kevin Ico...

Page 183: ...minated try cycling through receive modes to see if you can find the mode at the other end What happens when you call yourself Try calling yourself from one ISDN line to the other assuming you have both available Use a 56 kbps rate first as this is the most universal Set Rcv mode to L3 Stereo and Xmt to L3 Dual or L3 Stereo Audio should work in both directions This confirms that the Zephyr is OK a...

Page 184: ... Zephyrs was left in the loopback mode We ve also run across situations were one of the NT1 s or a pieces of the telco s gears was left in loopback mode Are the Zephyr s mode set properly The Zephyr s XMT Mode and RCV Mode must be set to the proper conditions at each end in order for the system to work Sometimes cycling between modes can clear a decode problem Is audio properly connected and confi...

Page 185: ...0 to 4 dBu Output switch in proper position The 10 4 switch near the output connectors should match to the equipment which accepts the Zephyr feed Fatal Error Messages The Zephyr software has a system for self monitoring When a major problem is detected a message is scrolled on the bottom line of the LCD screen The message gives general information about the problem in a text phrase and specific i...

Page 186: ...orks with EuroISDN although it may work with NET3 If required carefully verify that you have the correct SPID from the Telco and that you ISDN TIP If your Telco did not properly follow the ordering information you sent them from the appendix of this manual you did use that information didn t you they may have given you a 2 B channel AT T Custom Point to Multipoint line with 2 phone numbers and 2 S...

Page 187: ...ng configuration is incorrect call the Telco and ask them to verify the SPIDS and provisioning from the switch They ll probably need to have someone call you back Verify this person is logged into the switch Get their fax number and fax them the Zephyr s ISDN information from the Appendix of this manual Sometimes the information in the Business Office computer is wrong By verifying what is program...

Page 188: ... that will affect how it gets routed through the network What does the ISDN Cause phrase say This phrase which appears on LCD line 2 after dialing comes from directly from the telephone company equipment and can be valuable for troubleshooting Generally these phrases are self explanatory Getting them means you are at least talking to the Central Office equipment There is a full description of the ...

Page 189: ...mong the most difficult kinds of problems to solve Rest assured however that we ve yet to lose one This section addresses problems where the NT1 light s are acting normally The most important tool is the Zephyr s integrated ISDN analyzer This enables you to look at the transactions between the Telco line and the Zephyr so that a judgment can be made as to whether the problem lies within the Zephyr...

Page 190: ...iming can cause problems If so you should force on or set to ignore handshaking options CTS RTS CD DTR and DSR on the CSU TA Do you have the proper cable STEREO and DUAL MONO operation require that a two headed Y cable be used to connect the Zephyr to two CSU TA ports Does the CSU TA s loopback isolate the problem Most CSU TA s have a Local Terminal or DTE loopback mode Place it in this mode Read ...

Page 191: ...ired This cause is supported on a network dependent basis or A 1 was dialed when not required Redial without the 1 Cause No 4 No prefix 1 The prefix 1 is required for this number Cause No 6 Channel unacceptable Channel on called unit is not available Cause No 8 Call is proceeding Call in process please stand by Cause No 14 Excess digits received call is proceeding More digits were dialed than expe...

Page 192: ...er indicated by the calling party is no longer assigned The new called party number may optionally be included in the diagnostic field If a network does not support this cause cause no 1 unallocated unassigned number shall be used Cause No 26 Non selected user clearing This cause indicates the user has not been awarded the incoming call Cause No 27 Dest out of order This cause indicates that the d...

Page 193: ...gestion Cause No 38 Net out of order This cause indicates that the network is not functioning correctly and that the condition is likely to last a relatively long period of time e g immediately re attempting the call is not likely to be successful Cause No 41 Net problem redial This cause indicates that the network is not functioning correctly and that the condition is not likely to last a long pe...

Page 194: ...to use it This is a common problem caused by wrong Telco provisioning of the line at the time of installation Cause No 65 Incompatible bearcap This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause does not support the bearer capability requested Cause No 69 Request facility not implemented This cause indicates that the network or node does not support the request bearer capability Cause No 70...

Page 195: ...ement that it has implemented however one or more fields of the information element are coded in a way that has not been implemented by the equipment Cause No 101 Message not compatible with call state Protocol error threshold This cause indicates the equipment sending this cause received a message that procedure indicate is not permissible at this time or This cause indicates that the switch send...

Page 196: ...Section 10 ADVANCED PROBLEM SOLVING 196 This page intentionally left blank ...

Page 197: ...Section 11 TECHNICAL INFORMATION 197 SECTION 11 DETAILED TECHNICAL INFORMATION ...

Page 198: ...n most cases we will swap boards with you at no cost We do not charge for most repairs However despite the comments above we do provide schematics and component level troubleshooting information in case you have the need or desire to tackle a repair or modification yourself Another reason we provide the information is to satisfy your curiosity If you are like us you probably just have to know what...

Page 199: ... will in turn determine which modes are available The specific mode in effect is a user selection made via the front panel pushbuttons and LCD When reference is made to ports we are referring to the digital bitstream I Os of which two are possible Transmit Modes One DSP Card 3 DSP Configuration AUDIO DSP56002 U2 DSP56002 U3 U1 DSP32C M O N O D S P C A R D GLUE LOGIC V 35 SERIAL PORT PORT 1 OUT A l...

Page 200: ...P C A R D AUDIO GLUE LOGIC V 35 SERIAL PORT B right PORT 2 OUT Xmt Mode L3 DUAL This mode generates two independently coded bitstreams It effectively causes the running of two copies of the mono encoder software simultaneously V 35 only The system clock is taken from either Port 1 or Port 2 The first port with an active Carrier Detect signal is used with a default to Port 1 when there is no CD act...

Page 201: ... into two 56 64kbps channels Unlike the DUAL mode there is no relation between the audio input channels A and B and output ports 1 and 2 Both bitstreams must be sent to the same decoder for proper operation However it is irrelevant which ports go to which stream as the decoder software is able to automatically determine which is which in order to properly reassemble them The system clock is taken ...

Page 202: ... S P C A R D GLUE LOGIC V 35 SERIAL PORT PORT 1 IN A left B right PORT 2 IN AUDIO O RCV Mode L3 STEREO L2 G 722 One or two DSP Card Configuration AUDIO O DSP56002 U2 DSP56002 U3 U1 DSP32C M O N O D S P C A R D GLUE LOGIC V 35 SERIAL PORT PORT 1 IN A left B right RCV Mode L3 MONO G 722 Same as above but with only one input stream ...

Page 203: ...parts which might look safe at casual glance DO NOT TOUCH ANY PORTION OF THE POWER SUPPLY without removing power cord first Removal of the top plate is the first step to gaining access for service Remove the ten Philips head screws Motherboard Removal REALLY IMPORTANT NOTE In the case where it is necessary to remove the motherboard remove the two screws which mount each of the cards to the rear pa...

Page 204: ...XLR Installation Removal of DSP cards The DSP card modules are anchored with two tie wraps per If it is required to remove the DSPs you ll have to cut the ty wraps and replace them later Of course this may not be needed when the unit will be stationary Important Note About Disconnecting the Front Panel IMPORTANT If the front panel is disconnected from the motherboard then re connected the 87C51 wi...

Page 205: ...fter a signal designation in the text or on the schematics an active low is signified Circuit Description Rev F and Below The revision level is screened on the motherboard on the edge closest to the front panel near the battery Motherboard Rev A E Audio Input The signal enters the input buffer in balanced form This is the common instrumentation amp balanced input topology The audio is extensively ...

Page 206: ...gram signal grows instantaneously too large This is a very fast and very tight limiter which does not assert itself during times of normal audio level It is possible to bypass the send limiter On the motherboard inside the Zephyr near U34 and U37 are small jumpers They can be set as follows BYP AGC EN BYP AGC EN Limiter Enabled Limiter Bypassed As this is intended as an extreme audiophile mode we ...

Page 207: ... then filters and decimates to a 32 kHz sampling rate The samples are output serially and transmitted to the XILINX chip and ultimately to the first DSP chip in the send audio chain The left and right analog inputs are applied to pins 2 and 27 respectively Pin 23 is a 4 096 MHz clock input The divides this clock by two and outputs a 2 048 MHz clock on pin 20 The 2 048 MHz clock is divided in the X...

Page 208: ...the XLR connectors The output audio is passed through L1 L4 which are PI filters designed to prevent RF from coming into the Zephyr and digital clock noise from exiting For highest quality AC coupling happens only once in the output path at C35 36 and these are electrolytic types as currently favored by audio tweeks A very high quality headphone amplifier is made from two LM6321 buffers and the as...

Page 209: ...hese have 32 time slots each of eight bits audio The frame sync applied to pins 3 and 16 mark the beginning of the 32 slots In this application audio is to be found in the third and fourth slots ISDN channel B1 in slot 2 and channel B2 in slot 3 Control of the CODEC is obtained by the CPU signals which are applied to pins 23 26 This is a serial control signal which is used for muting slot selectio...

Page 210: ...ble and since these connections depend on the specific operating mode Xilinx pins may sometimes be inputs but at other times outputs This is different from bi directional pins because the hardware surrounding each Xilinx pin is set by software to be either one way or the other on a per configuration basis For troubleshooting purposes the most informative signal to look at is the DONE PROG signal o...

Page 211: ...ry to the RAM when system power goes away This is how the RAM is able to retain data when the unit is powered down The chip select for the RAM is also routed through this chip in on pin 13 out on pin 12 for protection when power looks to be unreliable the chip select is gated off preventing any random memory destroying writes Don t remove the processor from its socket without the proper removal to...

Page 212: ...t to reset the 87C51 via pin 12 U13 is also the battery backup controller for the 87C51 At the onset of powering down the Zephyr U13 forces the 87C51 into a low current stand by mode In this mode the whole front panel only draws a few microamps and can safely be driven by the motherboard s lithium battery Once the main 5 volt power falls below 3 volts U13 switches to battery power maintaining the ...

Page 213: ...an ISDN phone is used the phone and the Mitel chip share the same communication lines via Time Division Multiplexing the decoding of which is taken care of by the internal NT1 U Interface NT1 Connector J2 the 6 pin modular jack labeled Line Direct is used to connect the internal NT1 on the card to the Central Office Telephone Company Transformer T3 the Valor PT4084 is used to isolate the Zephyr fr...

Page 214: ... gate control signal switches at a frequency of approximately 50 kHz Some causes of improper output voltage are Leaky Capacitor C1 Bad Maxim chip U5 gate signal will be missing or low in amplitude Blown or leaky Q1 low or missing current flow through L1 with the gate signal present Improper values for R1 and R2 Diode D18 backwards or missing S Interface Detail The Mitel MT8931 U2 is responsible fo...

Page 215: ...card is maintained by the AT T 7256 chip U4 The U Interface wires come into the card on pins 3 and 4 of the 6 pin modular jack J2 labeled Line Direct D17 a Teccor SidactorTM is used for input overvoltage protection i e lightning etc T3 a Valor PT4084 isolates the line from the circuitry and provides some signal conditioning C18 and C19 are filter caps to remove high frequency noise from the analog...

Page 216: ...y V 35 X 21 Interface Module The V 35 X 21 interface card has two independent sections for buffering input and output of the balanced digital I O streams Additionally a UART offers the possibility to operate terminal adapters which require RS 232 serial control U2 3 are RS232 driver and receiver chips They have internal charge pump circuitry to generate the required plus and minus voltages from th...

Page 217: ...11 28MHz crystal is routed through the Xilinx chip to provide the 44 1kHz sampling rate not normally supported by the Zephyr Connector Descriptions 1 AES IN This is the XLR connector for the AES EBU input from a digital audio source The Zephyr can automatically adjust the sample of the incoming signal to match the internal Zephyr clocks or this function can be bypassed if the AES EBU signal is alr...

Page 218: ... and the third is the DSP and XILINX firmware The fourth line of the display has a date and code number These refer to the firmware and do not reflect the date of manufacture of your Zephyr EPROM Replacement From time to time Telos releases new software in order to provide additional capabilities or to correct bugs The EPROMs are socketed to permit field upgrade To change these chips the ISDN card...

Page 219: ...Section 12 SCHEMATICS 219 SECTION 12 SCHEMATICS ...

Page 220: ... Zephyr Motherboard Audio Rev F 6 Zephyr analog I O B Audio Board top level Rev F only 7 Zephyr analog I O B Audio Board A to D Rev F only 8 Zephyr analog I O B Audio Board D to A Rev F only 9 Zephyr Front Panel 10 ISDN Interface Card 11 AES EBU Card 12 AES EBU Rear Panel PCB 13 V 35 X 21 Interface Card 14 V 35 X 21 Cables 15 V 35 Connector and Signal Designation ...

Page 221: ...Section 13 MANUFACTURER S DATA SHEETS 221 SECTION 13 MANUFACTURER S DATA SHEETS ...

Page 222: ... and aid when troubleshooting is required 1 Computer Products NFS40 7628 Power Supply 2 Crystal Semiconductor CS5338 A D converter Rev A E 3 Crystal Semiconductor CS5390 A D Converter Rev F 4 Crystal Semiconductor CS4328 D A converter 5 National DS16F95 Balanced Driver 6 MAX693 Watchdog 7 CD4046BC PLL 8 Dallas DS1267 Digital Pot 9 AT T T7256 Single chip NT1 Transceiver ...

Page 223: ...Section 14 SPECIFICATIONS WARRANTY 223 SECTION 14 SPECIFICATIONS AND WARRANTY ...

Page 224: ...ETS300 protocols Selected by front panel control with no EPROM change required to accommodate the various protocols USA and Canada Integral NT1 for direct connection to ISDN line via the U interface with an accessible S bus jack for special applications Provides PS 2 power 48 VDC minimum on S interface pins 7 8 Other Countries S interface only Non ISDN Network Interface Universal connection for V ...

Page 225: ...el Clip point 24 dBu MIC 68 to 35 dBu level Bridging approximately 100K x 2 impedance XLR female pin 2 high Limiter Internal limiter on send audio Prevents clipping in A D converter Receive Output Active differential Level Rear panel switch selectable for 10 or 4 dBu nominal Impedance 100 x 2 XLR male pin 2 high Line Bitrates 56 or 64 kbps per channel front panel selectable Multiplex Demultiplex I...

Page 226: ... outputs Additional status output Inputs Open collector closure to ground Outputs Sink up to 400ma current to ground Optional AES EBU Digital Input Output Interface Sample rates supported 32 44 1 and 48kHz Rate conversion Input and output independently selectable Can be bypassed Input clock AES input network clock external Output clock AES input internal clock generator external Digital Converter ...

Page 227: ...nts or authorized dealers be liable for incidental or consequential damages or for loss damage or expense directly or indirectly arising from the use of any Product or the inability to use any Product either separately or in combination with other equipment or materials or from any other cause In order to invoke this Warranty notice of a warranty claim must be received by Telos Systems within the ...

Page 228: ...228 This page intentionally left blank ...

Page 229: ...Section 15 APPENDICES 229 SECTION 15 APPENDICES ...

Page 230: ...hen exactly one milliwatt is being dissipated in the resistor which means that under the condition that the measurement is in a 600 circuit dBu and dBm are numerically equivalent Which brings us to our concern here How does the Zephyr behave when interfaced with various types of equipment Unity gain is obtained when The Send level is set to 4 dBu as indicated on the LCD The rear panel 10 4 output ...

Page 231: ... Fluke to confirm that this level is what you have 4 dBu 4 dBu 100 100 20 K Here the output is loaded with a high impedance as would be the case with modern equipment The Zephyr s voltage level is conveyed to the load with no noticeable attenuation 4 dBu 1 5dBu 100 100 600 When a 600 load is used the voltage divides with 2 5 dB being lost in the Zephyr s internal source resistance Note that in thi...

Page 232: ...s accumulating information from others regarding using the Zephyr with other codecs The lists below compiled in January 1997 offers the most accurate information we have as of this date For the latest compatibility information please check our web site http www Zephyr com or contact Telos customer support This is an area constantly in flux so please contact us with any specific needs not covered b...

Page 233: ...ting for ISO MPEG Layer II stereo and mono 128 modes Zephyr models 9200 9201 or 9202 required for stereo and mono 128 modes CCS NOTES CDQ 1000 Switch off H 221 DIP switch 7 on back in down position to AUTO mode on CDQ to transmit from CDQ to Zephyr Terminal adapter must have BONDING turned off and be set to 64 56Kbps CDQ 2000 Switch to Decoder independent from encoder Decoder DIP switch 6 in up po...

Page 234: ...ed by other codec Zephyr supports ISO MPEG Layer II at 48kHz sampling only Zephyr supports CCS CDQ protocol compatible channel splitting for ISO MPEG Layer II stereo and mono 128 modes Zephyr models 9200 9201 or 9202 required for stereo and mono 128 modes DIALOG4 NOTES Zephyr can communicate with MUSICTAXI in the modes indicated Dropouts will occur in the MUSICTAXI to Zephyr path the Zephyr to MUS...

Page 235: ...ecs no incompatible probably from specs unknown not supported by product AETA Incompatible because of proprietary L II implementation AEQ L3 Mono L3 Stereo L2 Mono yes L2 Stereo L2 M128 G 722 CCS CDQ1000 L3 Mono L3 Stereo L2 Mono yes L2 Stereo L2 M128 G 722 yes Zephyr can always receive CDQ must have H 221 switched off in order to receive from Zephyr CCS CDQ2000 CDQ2000 Decoder DIP switch 6 up dec...

Page 236: ...L3 Stereo some units have layer III and are reportedly compatible L2 Mono yes L2 Stereo yes L2 M128 yes G 722 yes Comrex Layer II DX 200 L3 Mono L3 Stereo L2 Mono yes L2 Stereo yes Comrex Must be switched to Telos CCS compatibility mode for stereo L2 M128 yes G 722 Yes Comrex G 722 DXP and DXR G 722 yes Standard G 722 only Dialog4 MusicTaxi MusicTaxi To accept Zephyr calls set Configuration ISDN a...

Page 237: ...phyr firmware rev 2 40 2 0 2 14 or later recommended Dialog4 ReporterSet L3 Mono L3 Stereo L2 Mono L2 Stereo L2 M128 G 722 EELA L3 Mono L3 Stereo L2 Mono yes L2 Stereo no L2 M128 no G 722 yes Intraplex L3 Mono L3 Stereo L2 Mono yes L2 Stereo L2 M128 G 722 PKI G 722 phone G 722 no Because of H 221 and SETUP indicator PKI Magic ...

Page 238: ...e for modes that use both B channels stereo mono128 L3 Mono L3 Stereo L2 Mono yes L2 Stereo yes L2 M128 yes G 722 yes Philips MPR Baby Blue Must be switched to CCS compatibility mode for modes that use both B channels stereo mono128 L3 Mono L3 Stereo L2 Mono yes L2 Stereo L2 M128 G 722 yes RE L3 Mono L3 Stereo L2 Mono yes L2 Stereo no Wrong channel splitting L2 M128 no See stereo G 722 ...

Page 239: ...Section 15 APPENDICES 239 You Com L3 Mono L3 Stereo L2 Mono yes L2 Stereo yes L2 M128 yes G 722 yes ...

Page 240: ...ters and sound studios using codecs maintained by Jay Rose s Digital Playroom These sites have submitted their names so other professionals can call them for newsfeeds help with remotes audio transfers and so on All services are optional and fees are negotiated by the parties involved The list is maintained as a public service to help you find each other after that it s up to you FTP ftp vortex co...

Page 241: ...t mostly APT X but some Dolby are able to do so via the translation service offered by Ednet and others To register your site or to order a copy of the list you may use the form included with your unit The cost is 19 issue as of November 95 EdNet San Francisco CA 415 274 8800 Service to recording studios and broadcasters Operates about two hundred sites mostly at recording studios They handle bill...

Page 242: ... 1996 and is also worth trying Incorrect SPIDS will be indicated by a line status of Wait Init on the Zephyr Often the Telco will leave the last 00 or 01 off the end of your SPID when giving it to you For the latest list check Telos Systems web page Additional SPIDS can be found at INTEL s SPID Page http support intel com enduser_reseller isdn spid tip htm XXX Area code YYY exchange ZZZZ phone num...

Page 243: ...0YYYZZZZ02 or 00YYYZZZZ01 Fort Mills Telephone XXXYYYZZZZ GTE XXXYYYZZZZ0101 or 01YYYZZZZ000 or XXXYYYZZZZ00 or SPID1 XXXYYYZZZZ01 SPID2 XXXYYYZZZZ02 Northern Pittsburgh Telephone XXXYYYZZZZ000 NYNEX XXXYYYZZZZ0101 or XXXYYYZZZZ0000 Pacific Bell XXXYYYZZZZ0101 or SPID1 XXXYYYZZZZ01 SPID2 XXXYYYZZZZ02 ...

Page 244: ...YYZZZZ00 or XXXYYYZZZZ SNET Southern New England Telephone 01YYYZZZZ00 Southwestern Bell XXXYYYZZZZ0101 or 01YYYZZZZ000 or 01YYYZZZZ00 or XXXYYYZZZZ01 Sprint Centel XXXYYYZZZZ100 or XXXYYYZZZZ1 or SPID1 XXXYYYZZZZ000 SPID2 XXXYYYZZZZ100 US West XXXYYYZZZZ1111 or 01YYYZZZZ00 or 01YYYZZZZ000 ...

Page 245: ...hrough the menus over the phone For information on what each menu item means see section 8 Detailed Menu Reference Menu Items Options Xmt L3 DUAL L3 JSTEREO L3 STEREO G 722 L2 HALF 24 L2 MONO L2 MONO128 L2 DUAL L2 JSTEREO Rcv L3 STEREO L3 MONO G 722 L2 L2 HALF 24 Rate 56Kbps 32kHz 64Kbps 32kHz 56Kbps 48kHz 64kbps 48kHz Network ISDN V 35 AES In NO ANALOG S R CONVERT SYNC TO NET ...

Page 246: ...NAL AES IN Auto Answer YES NO Loopback OFF NEAR FAR Status Out RCV LOCK LINE 1 LINE 2 LINE 1 2 LINE 1 OR 2 Store Setup 1 50 Category NAME NUM1 NUM2 SPID 1 2 MSN 1 2 SPID MSN entry fields as required Directory 1 2 Directory number entry fields rarely required Telco Natl I 1 ...

Page 247: ...PPENDICES 247 ETS300 PTP Panic Dial NO 1 50 1 4 Compatibility Used only for certain subscription services LCD Contrast 1 9 LCD Backlight 1 9 Ancil Chan Normal None Right Both Version Info 2 69 2 00 2 32 for example ...

Page 248: ... refer to a B channel as a line on the Zephyr menus and LEDs The Zephyr s internal interface sometimes called by it s generic name Terminal Adapter is used to connect to digital ISDN telephone lines It easily adapts to the various types of service offered by the range of Central Office CO switches installed by telephone companies in the USA and Canada Ordering ISDN Dealing with the Phone Company A...

Page 249: ...949 http www uswest com Small business 800 246 5226 For questions or assistance 206 447 4029 You may need to call this number more than once to find someone who can arrange for fast installation for remotes Be sure to explain that you are a broadcaster Details Details In order to communicate accurately what it is you need we think you should be familiar with the vocabulary used to describe ISDN As...

Page 250: ... digits There is frequent confusion between phone numbers and SPIDs even among telco personnel While the SPID frequently includes the corresponding phone number this is not necessarily the case The intention of the SPID is to allow the Telco equipment to automatically adapt to various user requirements by sensing different SPIDs from each type or configuration of user terminal None of this matters...

Page 251: ... rate of an incoming call In our experience the only sure way to know the capacity of a given connection is to try it first at 64 kbps and then at 56 kbps if the higher rate fails If you find that you have the 56 kbps limit on your line you might want to request the Telco to upgrade the RBOC to IXC circuit NT1s The ISDN standard specifies two reference points the U and the S interfaces The U is th...

Page 252: ...ention that the line is an ISDN line it will be best to call the number listed in your Yellow Pages under Telephone Long Distance Companies to order If you are prepared to admit that you are using ISDN and prepared to pay a 25 to 50 surcharge you can contact the Switched Data Services ordering numbers as follows AT T 800 222 0400 Business 800 222 0300 Residential LDDS LDDS recently announced ISDN ...

Page 253: ...ortion of the form and send all three pages to the phone company Keep the form handy and show it to the installer when he or she puts in your line and ask the installer to verify with the switch programmer that your line is configured as ordered ...

Page 254: ...itched Voice CSV service Please advise us if there is a cost penalty for having both CSD and CSV 10XXX long distance option must be set to Yes Clear channel 64kbps access should be provided If only 56kbps is available this is acceptable but please notify us If you use IOC Capability Packages please use Capability Package S If you do not use IOCs use the information on the pages that follow Zephyr ...

Page 255: ...nd DMD Maximum B Channels MaxChan 2 CSV Channels Any Number of CSV calls 1 CSD Channels Any Number of CSD calls 2 Terminal Type A Number Display No Call Appearance Pref Idle 10XXX Long Distance Prefix Yes Turn off features such as packet mode data multiline hunt multiple call appearances Electronic Key Telephone Sets EKTS shared directory numbers accept special type of number intercom groups netwo...

Page 256: ...L National ISDN 1 From AT T 5ESS Northern Telecom DMS100 and Siemens EWSD If you use IOC Capability Packages please use Capability Package S CO Values Line Type National ISDN 1 Bearer Service CSD CSV on both channels TEI One dynamic per number Terminal Type A 10XXX Long Distance Prefix Yes Turn off features such as packet mode data multiline hunt multiple call appearances Electronic Key Telephone ...

Page 257: ...Section 15 APPENDICES 257 1 Two SPID numbers depending upon number of active B channels 2 Two Directory Numbers ...

Page 258: ...and Layer II version MS Word Version 2 91 Fixed pagination so that chapter text starts on odd pages Version 2 92 Insert added with AES Pin outs and Rev F schematics and specs Version 3 0 Reformatted with new fonts icons Revised up to V2 69 Rev F circuit descriptions ...

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